Evaluating Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) Catch-and-Release Mortality at Elevated Summer Water Temperature

Angling for Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) has become widespread and increasingly popular throughout the fish’s range. Current management strategies for Muskellunge include high minimum harvest lengths (\u3e1016mm), closed seasons, and catch-and-release regulations. Due to these strategies and angler sentiments, up to 97% of Muskellunge caught today are released by anglers assuming they will live and be caught again in the future. Previous research on catchand-release mortality in Muskellunge has suggested relatively low mortality rates (0%-5%). However, these studies were all conducted within the fish’s thermal optimum and generally at water temperatures25°C during the summer months, representing a need to evaluate mortality rates at these elevated temperatures. My objective was to quantify warm-water (\u3e25°C) catch-and-release mortality rates in Muskellunge (\u3e760mm) and identify factors influencing mortality using experimental ponds. Muskellunge (n=103) were stocked into eight earthen or plastic lined flow-through ponds (0.06-0.71 ha) at densities of/ha. Muskellunge (n=50) were angled utilizing specialized Muskellunge fishing gear at water temperatures between 19.57°C and 32.64°C. Thirty-two fish were caught at temperatures \u3e25°C. Fish that remained uncaught during the experiment were used as controls (n=53). Fish were closely monitored for 2 weeks after being angled to assess mortality. Mortality was greater for angled (32.0%) compared to control fish (9.4%). Differences in catch-and-release mortality was compared across a range of temperature regimes using firth’s logistic regression. Five-day cumulative temperature and net time were found to have a significant positive correlation with mortality. No significant correlations between fight time, hooking location, size, or gender and mortality. Elevated catch-and-release mortality rates at warm-water temperatures warrant investigations into the population level effects that varying degrees of exploitation may have during these periods

“The movement for a teaches’ council 1949-70, with special reference to the work of the main committee for the proposed teachers’ general council: an administrative and political study

The teaching profession's wish for a measure of self-government is a long standing one. It arises from two major factors. Firstly, teachers have seen other professions acquire a measure of self-government and the prestige it confers. Secondly, teachers have accepted that one way to raise their professional and social status, and consequently their political and economic status, is by achieving some control over entry into the profession. After outlining the pre-1949 attempts to obtain self-government, and the reasons for failure of, and loss of interest in the movement, the purpose of the study is to describe the main movement for a Teaching Council during the period 1948–70 in its administrative and political context. The major sources of discontent with the status of the profession, which form the background to the development are analysed. The origin of the post-1944 revival of interest in a Teaching Council is traced. Special emphasis is given to the work of the Teachers' General Council Main Committee which was formed in 1960, and which helped to clarify and co-ordinate the ideas of the teachers' associations during this period. The inherent administrative and political problems in the events leading to the establishment of the Official Working Party by Mr. Short in 1969 are examined. The proposals of the Working Party, "A Teaching Council for England and Wales" are analysed, and the subsequent attitudes of the teachers' associations to the Report are described. It is concluded that the present proposals are likely to be shelved, and many administrative and political problems in the establishment of a Teaching Council still need further clarification. Nevertheless, the movement for a Teaching Council is likely to remain an issue in teacher politics

The control and administration of training colleges from the McNair report (1944) to the education (No. 2) Act, 1968, with special reference to the policies of the A.T.C.D.E

This thesis attempts to answer five main questions. What were the problems of the control and administration of the training colleges between the McNair and Robbins Reports which caused the colleges to place such great importance on the Robbins' proposals for changes in the system? Why were the Robbins' recommendations rejected? Why was there a controversy over the membership of the Weaver Study Group? Why did the Weaver Report and the Education (No. 2) Act, 1968, take the form they did? What part did the A.T.C.D.E. play in these developments? Chapter 1 outlines the framework of the system of control and administration of the colleges and the changes that were taking place in the system between 1944-61. Against this background, Chapter 2 traces the development of A.T.C.D.E. policies and the reactions of representatives of the providing bodies to the policies. Chapter 3 examines the evidence of the main interested parties to the Robbins Committee, the Committee's proposals and the lines of the impending debate. Chapter 4 analyses the reasons for the rejection of the Robbins’ proposals. Chapter 5 discusses the controversy over the membership of the Weaver Study Group. Chapter 6 presents a detailed analysis of the main issues within the Weaver Study Group. Chapter 7 describes the initial action taken on the Weaver Report and the causes of the A.T.C.D.E.'s growing concern with the response of sane L.E.As to the Weaver Report. Chapter 8 follows the passage of the House of Lords’ Bill through the Lords and Commons and the A.T.C.D.E.'s campaign to secure the most generous interpretation of the Weaver proposals and that instruments as well as articles of government should be subject to the Secretary of State's approval

Does cognitive ability influence responses to the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale?

It has been suggested that how individuals respond to self-report items relies on cognitive processing. We hypothesized that an individual's level of cognitive ability may influence these processes such that, if there is a hierarchy of items within a particular questionnaire, as demonstrated by Mokken scaling, the strength of that hierarchy will vary according to cognitive ability. Using data on 8,643 men and women from the National Child Development Survey (1958 birth cohort; Power, & Elliott, 2006), we investigated, using Mokken scaling, whether the 14 items that make up the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (Tennant et al., 2007)-completed when the participants were 50 years of age-form a hierarchy and whether that hierarchy varied according to cognitive ability at age 11 years. Among the sample as a whole, we found a moderately strong unidimensional hierarchy of items (Loevinger's coefficient [H] = 0.48). We split participants into 3 groups according to cognitive ability and analyzed the Mokken scaling properties of each group. Only the medium and high cognitive ability groups had acceptable (?0.3) invariant item ordering (assessed using the HT statistic). This pattern was also found when the 3 cognitive ability groups were assessed within men and women separately. Greater attention should be paid to the content validity of questionnaires to ensure they are applicable across the spectrum of mental ability

Properties of the mechanosensitive channel MscS pore revealed by tryptophan scanning mutagenesis

Funding This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Programme grant [092552/A/10/Z awarded to I.R.B., S.M., J. H. Naismith (University of St Andrews, St Andrews, U.K.), and S. J. Conway (University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.)] (T.R. and M.D.E.), by a BBSRC grant (A.R.) [BB/H017917/1 awarded to I.R.B., J. H. Naismith, and O. Schiemann (University of St Andrews)], by a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship (EM-2012-060\2), and by a CEMI grant to I.R.B. from the California Institute of Technology. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013 FP7/2007-2011) under Grant PITN-GA-2011-289384 (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-ITN NICHE) (H.G.) (awarded to S.M.).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Superconducting fault current limiter application in a power-dense marine electrical system

Power-dense, low-voltage marine electrical systems have the potential for extremely high fault currents. Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) have been of interest for many years and offer an effective method for reducing fault currents. This is very attractive in a marine vessel in terms of the benefits arising from reductions in switchgear rating (and consequently size, weight and cost) and damage at the point of fault. However, there are a number of issues that must be considered prior to installation of any SFCL device(s), particularly in the context of marine applications. Accordingly, this study analyses several such issues, including: location and resistance sizing of SFCLs; the potential effects of an SFCL on system voltage, power and frequency; and practical application issues such as the potential impact of transients such as transformer inrush. Simulations based upon an actual vessel are used to illustrate discussions and support assertions. It is shown that SFCLs, even with relatively small impedances, are highly effective at reducing prospective fault currents; the impact that higher resistance values has on fault current reduction and maintaining the system voltage for other non-faulted elements of the system is also presented and it is shown that higher resistance values are desirable in many cases. It is demonstrated that the exact nature of the SFCL application will depend significantly on the vessel’s electrical topology, the fault current contribution of each of the generators, and the properties of the SFCL device, such as size, weight, critical current value and recovery time

Integrated stress response of Escherichia coli to methylglyoxal : transcriptional readthrough from the nemRA operon enhances protection through increased expression of glyoxalase I

© 2013 The Authors. Molecular Microbiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Collective response of self-organized clusters of mechanosensitive channels

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The impact of baryonic processes on the two-point correlation functions of galaxies, subhaloes and matter

The observed clustering of galaxies and the cross-correlation of galaxies and mass provide important constraints on both cosmology and models of galaxy formation. Even though the dissipation and feedback processes associated with galaxy formation are thought to affect the distribution of matter, essentially all models used to predict clustering data are based on collisionless simulations. Here, we use large hydrodynamical simulations to investigate how galaxy formation affects the autocorrelation functions of galaxies and subhaloes, as well as their cross-correlation with matter. We show that the changes due to the inclusion of baryons are not limited to small scales and are even present in samples selected by subhalo mass. Samples selected by subhalo mass cluster ~10% more strongly in a baryonic run on scales r > 1Mpc/h, and this difference increases for smaller separations. While the inclusion of baryons boosts the clustering at fixed subhalo mass on all scales, the sign of the effect on the cross-correlation of subhaloes with matter can vary with radius. We show that the large-scale effects are due to the change in subhalo mass caused by the strong feedback associated with galaxy formation and may therefore not affect samples selected by number density. However, on scales r < r_vir significant differences remain after accounting for the change in subhalo mass. We conclude that predictions for galaxy-galaxy and galaxy-mass clustering from models based on collisionless simulations will have errors greater than 10% on sub-Mpc scales, unless the simulation results are modified to correctly account for the effects of baryons on the distributions of mass and satellites.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures. Replaced to match the version accepted by MNRA