Synthesis and Characterisation of Ligand Free Cadmium Imprinted Polymer for Sensing of Cd(II) from Aqueous Solution

Cadmium(II)-imprinted polymer [Cd(II)-IIP] was synthesized without using the conventional complexing ligand to reduce unnecessary step for complexing Cd(II). During synthesis of Cd(II)-IIP, the complete removal of Cd(II) from the polymer was confirmed using EDAX and AAS. Synthesized polymers ([Cd(II)-IIP], non-imprinted polymer (NIP) and polymer with cadmium (CdP) were also characterized and compared. SEM analysis of Cd(II)-IIP indicated the changes in surface morphology after imprinting, the polymer looked like a flaky material in comparison with NIP and CdP. BET surface area of Cd(II)-IIP (68 m2/g) was found to be more than that of NIP (24.6 m2/g) and CdP (17 m2/g). Cd(II)-IIP formed a complex with Cd(II) in the solution through carbonyl oxygen of the acrylamide as confirmed by FTIR. TGA analysis showed less char yield for Cd(II)-IIP than NIP. Cd(II)-IIP was further explored for the fabrication of ion selective electrode (ISE), which on binding with Cd(II) gave higher potential than NIP-ISE. Interference study was also performed using Cd(II)-IIP as such and also with fabricated ISE with Cd(II)-IIP using different cations such as Pb(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Hg(II), and found that imprinted polymer showed more selectivity towards Cd(II) in aqueous solutions

Technology Trends and Future Opportunities in Development of NBC Protective Clothing

This article reviews a detailed and timely evolution of Nuclear Biological Chemical (NBC) protective clothing. The increased threat of NBC weapons underlines the need for NBC protective clothing for first responders, service personnel as well as civilians. The material selection criteria for protective clothing have been changed considerably with the development of advance technical fibers to sustain the threat of CWA and fulfill precisely need for the NBC suits. Because of advancement, in the use and delivery of Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA), the evolution of the NBC suit is presented. The chemical protection of NBC protective clothing needs to be precisely evaluated and thereby related standard test methods are also duly accommodated. This review documented the journey of the NBC suit right from charcoal based to activated carbon spheres (ACS), and recent developments on the materials aspects of various protective clothing

Applications of Ionic Liquids in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors

Ionic liquids (ILs) are salt that exist in the liquid phase at and around 298 K and are comprised of a bulky, asymmetric organic cation and the anion usually inorganic ion but some ILs also with organic anion. ILs have attracted much attention as a replacement for traditional organic solvents as they possess many attractive properties. Among these properties, intrinsic ion conductivity, low volatility, high chemical and thermal stability, low combustibility, and wide electrochemical windows are few. Due to negligible or nonzero volatility of these solvents, they are considered “greener” for the environment as they do not evaporate like volatile organic compounds (VOCs). ILs have been widely used in electrodeposition, electrosynthesis, electrocatalysis, electrochemical capacitor, lubricants, plasticizers, solvent, lithium batteries, solvents to manufacture nanomaterials, extraction, gas absorption agents, and so forth. Besides a brief discussion of the introduction, history, and properties of ILs the major purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview on the advantages of ILs for the synthesis of conducting polymer and nanoparticle when compared to conventional media and also to focus on the electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on IL/composite modified macrodisk electrodes. Subsequently, recent developments and major strategies for enhancing sensing performance are discussed