A Role for Nanoparticles in Treating Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of disability in children and young adults, as well as a significant concern for elderly individuals. Depending on the severity, TBI can have a long-term impact on the quality of life for survivors of all ages. The primary brain injury can result in severe disability or fatality, and secondary brain damage can increase the complexities in cellular, inflammatory, neurochemical, and metabolic changes in the brain, which can last decades post-injury. Thus, survival from a TBI is often accompanied by lifelong disabilities. Despite the significant morbidity, mortality, and economic loss, there are still no eective treatment options demonstrating an improved outcome in a large multi-center Phase III trial, which can be partially attributed to poor target engagement of delivered therapeutics. Thus, there is a significant unmet need to develop more eective delivery strategies to overcome the biological barriers that would otherwise inhibit transport of materials into the brain to prevent the secondary long-term damage associated with TBI. The complex pathology of TBI involving the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has limited the development of eective therapeutics and diagnostics. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop novel strategies to target the BBB. The leaky BBB caused by a TBI may provide opportunities for therapeutic delivery via nanoparticles (NP). The focus of this review is to provide a survey of NP-based strategies employed in preclinical models of TBI and to provide insights for improved NP based diagnostic or treatment approaches. Both passive and active delivery of various NPs for TBI are discussed. Finally, potential therapeutic targets where improved NP-mediated delivery could increase target engagement are identified with the overall goal of providing insight into open opportunities for NP researchers to begin research in TBI

Well-posedness for the viscous shallow water equations in critical spaces

In this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solutions for the 2D viscous shallow water equations with low regularity assumptions on the initial data as well as the initial height bounded away from zero.Comment: 32 page

Commutator Criteria for Magnetic Pseudodifferential Operators

The gauge covariant magnetic Weyl calculus has been introduced and studied in previous works. We prove criteria in terms of commutators for operators to be magnetic pseudo-differential operators of suitable symbol classes. The approach is completely intrinsic; neither the statements nor the proofs depend on a choice of a vector potential. We apply this criteria to inversion problems, functional calculus, affiliation results and to the study of the evolution group generated by a magnetic pseudo-differential operator.Comment: Acknowledgements adde

Pendeteksi Dan Pengaman Kebocoran Gas LPG ( Butana ) Berbasis Mikrokontroller Melalui SMS Sebagai Media Informasi

LPG merupakan salah satu program konversi pemerintah yang menjadi barang kebutuhan rumah tangga modern saat ini. Walau demikian, kewaspadaan saat menggunakan LPG tetap tidak boleh dilupakan. Salah satu resiko penggunaan LPG adalah terjadinya kebocoran pada tabung atau instalasi gas. Dimana banyak terjadi ledakan atau kebakaran yang mengakibatkan korban jiwa maupun luka-luka. Penyebab meledaknya tabung gas LPG itu karena kebocoran pada selang atau pada regulatornya yang tidak terpasang dengan baik. Dari pengembangan dan penyempurnaan Pada Proyek Akhir kakak senior lulusan PENS –ITS tahun 2009 lalu dibuat miniatur lemari tabung gas LPG dan alat yang mampu mendeteksi dan mengamankan kebocoran gas LPG menggunakan sensor gas LPG. Sehingga saat sensor mendeteksi gas LPG maka sistem mengaktifkan buzzer dan lampu indikator serta menutup solenoid valve guna menghentikan aliran gas LPG yang bocor. Selain itu, alat ini juga dilengkapi display LCD untuk memberi informasi kebocoran gas LPG atau sebagai pantauan agar dapat selalu diamati oleh pengguna. Selain itu, sebagai pengembangan sistem ini juga dihubungkan dengan handphone, untuk memberi informasi bahwa kondisi gas telah berbahaya kepada pihak terkait. Hasilnya adalah alat ini mampu mengirim informasi berupa SMS ke pihak terkait, menutupnya solenoid valve pada katup mulut tabung gas LPG, berputarnya kipas dan berbunyinya buzzer ketika ruang lemari terakumulasi gas LPG yang berbahaya dan mematikannya jika kondisi lemari sudah tidak aman oleh gas. Demikian alat ini dapat membuat pencegahan dan penanganan dini pada keamanan ruang dapur terhadap tabung gas LPG. Kata kunci : sensor gas LPG, solenoid valve, LCD, buzzer, lampu indikator dan SMS

A Role for Nanoparticles in Treating Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of disability in children and young adults, as well as a significant concern for elderly individuals. Depending on the severity, TBI can have a long-term impact on the quality of life for survivors of all ages. The primary brain injury can result in severe disability or fatality, and secondary brain damage can increase the complexities in cellular, inflammatory, neurochemical, and metabolic changes in the brain, which can last decades post-injury. Thus, survival from a TBI is often accompanied by lifelong disabilities. Despite the significant morbidity, mortality, and economic loss, there are still no eective treatment options demonstrating an improved outcome in a large multi-center Phase III trial, which can be partially attributed to poor target engagement of delivered therapeutics. Thus, there is a significant unmet need to develop more eective delivery strategies to overcome the biological barriers that would otherwise inhibit transport of materials into the brain to prevent the secondary long-term damage associated with TBI. The complex pathology of TBI involving the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has limited the development of eective therapeutics and diagnostics. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop novel strategies to target the BBB. The leaky BBB caused by a TBI may provide opportunities for therapeutic delivery via nanoparticles (NP). The focus of this review is to provide a survey of NP-based strategies employed in preclinical models of TBI and to provide insights for improved NP based diagnostic or treatment approaches. Both passive and active delivery of various NPs for TBI are discussed. Finally, potential therapeutic targets where improved NP-mediated delivery could increase target engagement are identified with the overall goal of providing insight into open opportunities for NP researchers to begin research in TBI

Well-posedness of the Viscous Boussinesq System in Besov Spaces of Negative Order Near Index s=−1s=-1

This paper is concerned with well-posedness of the Boussinesq system. We prove that the $n$ ($n\ge2$) dimensional Boussinesq system is well-psoed for small initial data $(\vec{u}_0,\theta_0)$ ($\nabla\cdot\vec{u}_0=0$) either in $({B}^{-1}_{\infty,1}\cap{B^{-1,1}_{\infty,\infty}})\times{B}^{-1}_{p,r}$ or in ${B^{-1,1}_{\infty,\infty}}\times{B}^{-1,\epsilon}_{p,\infty}$ if $r\in[1,\infty]$, $\epsilon>0$ and $p\in(\frac{n}{2},\infty)$, where $B^{s,\epsilon}_{p,q}$ ($s\in\mathbb{R}$, $1\leq p,q\leq\infty$, $\epsilon>0$) is the logarithmically modified Besov space to the standard Besov space $B^{s}_{p,q}$. We also prove that this system is well-posed for small initial data in $({B}^{-1}_{\infty,1}\cap{B^{-1,1}_{\infty,\infty}})\times({B}^{-1}_{\frac{n}{2},1}\cap{B^{-1,1}_{\frac{n}{2},\infty}})$.Comment: 18 page

Improved simulation of phase change processes in applications where conduction is the dominant heat transfer mode

This is the post-print of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2012 ElsevierThis paper reports on the development, experimental validation and application of a semi-empirical model for the simulation of the phase change process in phase change materials (PCM). PCMs are now increasingly being used in various building materials such as plasterboard, concrete or panels to improve thermal control in buildings and accurate modelling of their behaviour is important to effectively capture the effects of storage on indoor thermal conditions. Unlike many commercial simulation packages that assume very similar melting and freezing behaviour for the PCM and no hysteresis, the methodology employed treats the melting and freezing processes separately and this allows the inclusion of the effect of hysteresis in the modelling. As demonstrated by the results in this paper, this approach provides a more accurate prediction of the temperature and heat flow in the material, which is of particular importance in providing accurate representation of indoor thermal conditions during thermal cycling. The difference in the prediction accuracy of the two methods is a function of the properties of the PCM. The smaller the hysteresis of the PCM, the lower will be the prediction error of the conventional approach, and solution time will become the determining factor in selecting the simulation approach in practical applications.This work is funded from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the UK, Grant No: EP/H004181/1

Manajemen Kepala Desa Dalam Mewujudkan Keberhasilan Pembangunan Masyarakat

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan manajemen kepala desa dalam mewujudkan keberhasilan pembangunan masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan dengan pendekatan teori fungsi manajemen George R. Terry, yaitu perencanaan,  pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengendalian. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Pangkat Kecamatan Jayanti Kabupaten Tangerang Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data penelitan ini meliputi tahapan kondensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian Kepala desa Pangkat berperanan aktif dalam menumbuhkan partisipasi masyarakat untuk berkontribusi dalam program pembangunan dengan menggunakan pendekatan buttom-up dan disusun berdasarkan prioritas dan dikoordinasikan pelaksanaannya melalui pembangian tugas, wewenang dan tanggungjawab. Dalam hal pelaksanaan, Kepala Desa Pangkat mengikutsertakan jajaran pemerintahan dan elemen masyarakat desa sebagai garda terdepan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan. Untuk pengendalian dan pengawasan program pembangunan yang dijalankan, Kepala Desa memperhatikan target capaian kinerja pembanguan dalam upaya pengendalian pembangunan desa agar penyelesiaian pembangunan desa bisa lebih optimal.  Kata Kunci : Manajemen. Kepala Desa, Pembangunan Masyaraka

Conormal distributions in the Shubin calculus of pseudodifferential operators

We characterize the Schwartz kernels of pseudodifferential operators of Shubin type by means of an FBI transform. Based on this we introduce as a generalization a new class of tempered distributions called Shubin conormal distributions. We study their transformation behavior, normal forms and microlocal properties.Comment: 23 page