Ceruloplasmin Interferes with the Assessment of Blood Lipid Hydroperoxide Content in Small Ruminants

Simple and inexpensive analytical methods for assessing redox balance in biological matrixes are widely used in animal and human diagnostics. Two of them, reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) and total oxidant status (TOS), evaluate the lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) content of the sample and are based on iron-mediated mechanisms. However, these tests provide uncorrelated results. In this study, we compared these two tests in the blood serum of goat kids and lambs, together with an evaluation of ceruloplasmin (CP) oxidase activity. No significant correlation was found between ROMs and TOS, or between TOS and CP oxidase activity, in either species. Conversely, ROMs and CP oxidase activity were highly correlated in both kid and lamb samples (p < 0.001). A significant progressive reduction in the analytical signal in the ROMs assay was observed when sodium azide, an effective CP inhibitor, was added to the samples before the assay (p < 0.001). This decrease was related to sodium azide concentration (p < 0.01) and was not found when sodium azide was added at the same concentrations in the TOS assay. These findings suggest that ROMs, unlike TOS, may be affected by CP, which interferes with LOOH detection in blood samples

Study of the performance of disinfection with sodium hypochlorite on a full-scale sewage treatment plant

A full-scale sewage treatment plant was investigated to assess the performance of the disinfection stage. Sodium hypochlorite was used as a disinfectant agent and the process efficiency was evaluated by E.coli removal. The research took place over a period of two years in order to evaluate the effect of retention time (t) and residual chlorine (Cr) under different seasonal conditions. The effectiveness of E.coli removal with sodium hypochlorite proved to be strictly dependent on the factor CR t (product of residual chlorine with the contact time). The regression line of the experimental points was, on the whole, well comparable with the model proposed by Collins, especially in the field of CRt lower than 30 mg L-1 min

Komunikasi Antarpribadi Pimpinan dan Pegawai dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Kerja di Kantor Desa Dayun Kabupaten Siak

A process that will always happen in an institution is a communication process. Through communication process information exchange, ideas and experiences. Communication between leaders and employees must always be honest and built based on trust and open attitude between each other to build spirit dan motivation in work.The purpose of this study to know the openness, empathy, positive behavior, supportive attitude and equality of interpersonal communication of leaders and employees in improving work motivation in the office of Dayun village. This research uses qualitative research method with self disclosure. Subject of research consists of one person leadership, three employees and two people as a supporting informant selected by using purposive sampling technique. This study uses data collection techniques interviews, observation and documentation research.Research results show that (a) openness, leadership and employees always emphasize that every existing and involved line must be open to each other without being covered by each other. (b) empathy, leaders always closer, give attention and feel that is being felt by employees so that employees feel cared for and can improve work motivation. (c) positive behavior, either employees or leaders never arise sespicion. Leaders always apply positive thinking to employees, so that employees can work well and comfortable. (d) supportive attitude, leadership and employees always support each other in any case for the achievement of the goal of providing the best service for community, and (e) equality, the leadership never distinguishes caste any degree between him and his servants. He imposed the same thing to improve work motivation and actieve goals

Ocean Planet or Thick Atmosphere: On the Mass-Radius Relationship for Solid Exoplanets with Massive Atmospheres

The bulk composition of an exoplanet is commonly inferred from its average density. For small planets, however, the average density is not unique within the range of compositions. Variations of a number of important planetary parameters--which are difficult or impossible to constrain from measurements alone--produce planets with the same average densities but widely varying bulk compositions. We find that adding a gas envelope equivalent to 0.1%-10% of the mass of a solid planet causes the radius to increase 5-60% above its gas-free value. A planet with a given mass and radius might have substantial water ice content (a so-called ocean planet) or alternatively a large rocky-iron core and some H and/or He. For example, a wide variety of compositions can explain the observed radius of GJ 436b, although all models require some H/He. We conclude that the identification of water worlds based on the mass-radius relationship alone is impossible unless a significant gas layer can be ruled out by other means.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted to Ap

Crisis and Non-Crisis Short Selling and Bank Enforcement Actions

Employing standard informed trading intuition, we develop testable hypotheses regarding short selling before and after bank enforcement action (EA) initiations. For U.S.-listed bank firm data for 2007 to 2012, we find strong support for differentiated short seller activity and skill in crisis versus non-crisis periods. In financial crises, short sellers predominantly position prior to EAs. The EA initiations then act as information-homogenizing and profit-taking events reducing incentives to remain positioned. In contrast, EAs in non-crisis periods appear to serve as wake-up calls that attract additional short selling. Our findings offer potentially important insights for regulators considering short sellers’ reactions to EA announcements in general, during financial crises, and when not experiencing a broad financial crisis

General calibration methodology for a combined Horton-SCS infiltration scheme in flash flood modeling

Abstract. Flood forecasting undergoes a constant evolution, becoming more and more demanding about the models used for hydrologic simulations. The advantages of developing distributed or semi-distributed models have currently been made clear. Now the importance of using continuous distributed modeling emerges. A proper schematization of the infiltration process is vital to these types of models. Many popular infiltration schemes, reliable and easy to implement, are too simplistic for the development of continuous hydrologic models. On the other hand, the unavailability of detailed and descriptive information on soil properties often limits the implementation of complete infiltration schemes. In this work, a combination between the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method (SCS-CN) and a method derived from Horton equation is proposed in order to overcome the inherent limits of the two schemes. The SCS-CN method is easily applicable on large areas, but has structural limitations. The Horton-like methods present parameters that, though measurable to a point, are difficult to achieve a reliable estimate at catchment scale. The objective of this work is to overcome these limits by proposing a calibration procedure which maintains the large applicability of the SCS-CN method as well as the continuous description of the infiltration process given by the Horton's equation suitably modified. The estimation of the parameters of the modified Horton method is carried out using a formal analogy with the SCS-CN method under specific conditions. Some applications, at catchment scale within a distributed model, are presented

Meiosis progression and donor age affect expression profile of DNA repair genes in bovine oocytes

Several genetic and physiological factors increase the risk of DNA damage in mammalian oocytes. Two critical events are meiosis progression, from maturation to fertilization, due to the extensive chromatin remodelling during genome decondensation and aging which is associated to a progressive oxidative stress. In this work, we studied the transcriptional patterns of three genes, RAD51, APEX-1 and MLH1, involved in DNA repair mechanisms. The analyses were performed by Real-Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in immature and in vitro matured oocytes collected from 17 ± 3 mo old heifers and 94 ± 20 mo old cows. Batches of 30-50 oocytes for each group (three replicates) were collected from ovarian follicles of slaughtered animals. The oocytes were freed from cumulus cells at the time of follicle removal, or after IVM carried out in M199 supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum, 10 IU LH /ml, 0.1 IU FSH /ml and 1 µg 17β-oestradiol/ml. Total RNA was extracted by Trizol method. The expression of bovine GAPDH gene was used as internal standard, while primers for bovine RAD51, APEX-1 and MLH1 genes were designed from DNA sequences retrieved from GeneBank. Results obtained indicate a clear up-regulation of RAD51, APEX-1 and MLH1 genes after IVM ranging between 2- and 4-fold compared to GV oocytes. However, only RAD51 showed a significant transcript increase between the immature oocytes collected from young and old individuals. This finding candidates RAD51 as gene marker for discriminating bovine immature oocytes in relation to the donor age

Mass accretion rates of clusters of galaxies: CIRS and HeCS

We use a new spherical accretion recipe tested on N-body simulations to measure the observed mass accretion rate (MAR) of 129 clusters in the Cluster Infall Regions in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (CIRS) and in the Hectospec Cluster Survey (HeCS). The observed clusters cover the redshift range of $0.01<z<0.30$ and the mass range of $\sim 10^{14}-10^{15} {h^{-1}~\rm{M_\odot}}$. Based on three-dimensional mass profiles of simulated clusters reaching beyond the virial radius, our recipe returns MARs that agree with MARs based on merger trees. We adopt this recipe to estimate the MAR of real clusters based on measurements of the mass profile out to $\sim 3R_{200}$. We use the caustic method to measure the mass profiles to these large radii. We demonstrate the validity of our estimates by applying the same approach to a set of mock redshift surveys of a sample of 2000 simulated clusters with a median mass of $M_{200}= 10^{14} {h^{-1}~\rm{M_{\odot}}}$ as well as a sample of 50 simulated clusters with a median mass of $M_{200}= 10^{15} {h^{-1}~\rm{M_{\odot}}}$: the median MARs based on the caustic mass profiles of the simulated clusters are unbiased and agree within $19\%$ with the median MARs based on the real mass profile of the clusters. The MAR of the CIRS and HeCS clusters increases with the mass and the redshift of the accreting cluster, which is in excellent agreement with the growth of clusters in the $\Lambda$CDM model.Comment: 25 pages, 19 figures, 7 table