Análise do risco geotécnico na estrada Tovar-Zea, setor La Rocha, estado Merida

International audienceOn the road that connects the Tovar to Zea villages, specifically in the La Roca sector, there have been recurrent detachments of rocky material from the slopes, which interrupt the road and put at risk vehicles passing through the area. The present research is based on the geotechnical risk analysis for the proposal of possible solutions in this zone. Firstly, the geological and cartographic information is collected and the geotechnical characterization of the stratigraphic sequence of the slopes is performed. For this purpose, the kinematic analysis is elaborated through stereographic projections, determining the existence of plane, wedge and circular failure. Subsequently, the slope safety factor is calculated, obtaining values for plane, wedge and circular failure, in ranges from 3,728 to 0,480 (stable to unstable). Next, the risk map is elaborated following the methodology proposed by (Suárez, 2009), obtaining that the zone presents moderate levels of geotechnical risk, with only 15% of high and very high risk, which is conditioned to external factors of Saturation or seismic in the studied slopes. It is recommended for the rock masses the implementation of guide meshes with gutters, anchors, projected concrete and horizontal drains.En la carretera que comunica los poblados de Tovar a Zea, específicamente en el sector La Roca, se han presentado recurrentes desprendimientos de material rocoso de los taludes, los cuales interrumpen la vía y coloca en riesgo a los vehículos que transitan por la zona. La presente investigación se basa en el análisis del riesgo geotécnico para el planteamiento de posibles soluciones en dicha zona. Primeramente, se recolecta la información geológica, cartográfica y se realiza la caracterización geotécnica de la secuencia estratigráfica de los taludes, para ello, se elabora el análisis cinemático a través de proyecciones estereográficas, determinando la existencia de rotura plana, en cuña y circular. Posteriormente se calcula el factor de seguridad de los taludes, obteniéndose valores para roturas planas, cuñas y circular, en rangos de 3,728 a 0,48 (estables a inestables). Seguidamente se elabora el mapa de riesgo siguiendo la metodología propuesta por (Suárez, 2009), obteniéndose que la zona presenta niveles de riesgo geotécnico moderado, con solo el 15% de riesgo alto y muy alto, el cual está condicionado a factores externos de saturación o sismo en los taludes estudiados. Se recomienda para los macizos rocosos la implementación de mallas de guiado con cunetas, anclajes puntuales, hormigón proyectado y drenajes horizontales

The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE): Technical Overview

The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) will expand the information space for study of cosmic sources, by adding linear polarization to the properties (time, energy, and position) observed in x-ray astronomy. Selected in 2017 January as a NASA Astrophysics Small Explorer (SMEX) mission, IXPE will be launched into an equatorial orbit in 2021. The IXPE mission will provide scientifically meaningful measurements of the x-ray polarization of a few dozen sources in the 2-8 keV band, including polarization maps of several x-ray-bright extended sources and phase-resolved polarimetry of many bright pulsating x-ray sources

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Withdrawal Behavior and the Role of the Father A Case Study of Six Cases of Withdrawal Manifestations at St. Charles Child Guidance Clinic

Background of the Study and Timeliness and Importance of the Investigation. Interest in the study of withdrawal manifestations was stimulated by the literature on withdrawal and the opportunity offered as a result of my second year placement in St. Charles Guidance Clinic. The clinic located at 191 Jeralemon Street, Brooklyn, is a private clinic under the auspices of the St. Charles Orthopedic Hospital. It serves children and their families in the Diocese of Brooklyn. The clinic treats and works with children up to the ages of eighteen years. The problems handled, may vary from primary conduct disorders to psychotic like behavior. In particular the writer was interested in those cases which were presenting withdrawal symptoms. We find that there has been a steadily growing recognition that the seclusive, withdrawing youngster is in need of attention. John J.B. MorganIn his study of the school child describes characteristic personality features of this kind of child. We find the child to be of a seclusive disposition, preferring to play alone, and taking little or no Interest in the ordinary affairs of life

Impact of Maternal Exposure to Wood Smoke Pollution on Fetal Lung Morphology in a Rat Model

Residential heating with wood is an important source of ambient air pollution. Evidence links air pollution to serious health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. We hypothesized that prenatal exposure to wood smoke pollution causes morphological changes in the development of the rat lung, leading to altered lung structure and function during later life. We presumed that analysis of the fetal lung stereology provides novel insights into the underlying processes mediating particulate matter associated developmental changes and damage. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of exposure during gestational period to wood smoke pollution on lung fetal morphology. To test this, pregnant rats were exposed during pregestational and gestational periods to wood smoke pollution. Complete lungs samples were obtained from 24 fetus from healthy female G3 rats subjected to cesarean at 19 days post-fecundation. The lungs were prepared for histological and stereological analysis. The volume fraction of terminal bronchioles V-V [tb, lung] and volume fraction of parenchyma V-V [par, lung], surface density of terminal bronchioles S-V [tb, lung] as well as numerical density of bronchiolar exocrinocytes N-A [ec,lung] were calculated by light microscopy. Statistical analysis detected significant differences between groups in volume density V-V [tb, lung; %] (p=0.0012) and surface density S-V [tb, lung; mm(2)/mm(3)] (p<0.0001) of the terminal bronchioles. However, it did not show differences between groups in the stereological parameter volume density V-V [par, lung; %] (p=0.0838) and numerical density of bronchiolar exocrinocytes N-A [ec,lung; n degrees/mm(2)] (p=0.0705). The analysis of the evidence obtained indicates that exposure to environmental pollution was affects lung maturation, and particularly the proportion and area of terminal bronchioles in the fetal lung. In conclusion, maternal exposure to wood smoke pollution during pregnancy was associated with a decrease in the lower conducting airways of lungs, which, according to urban pollution studies, could be related to early childhood lower respiratory illness. The public health implications of this study are that reducing or avoiding exposure to wood smoke is important before and during pregnancy

Exposure to Wood Smoke Pollution During Pre-Gestational Period of Rat has Effects on Placenta Volume and Fetus Size

Studies in humans showed that prenatal exposure to urban air pollution (AP) influences fetal development, and increases the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and some diseases in postnatal life. However, most of these were performed in environments where the main source of environmental particulate matters (PM) emission is diesel combustion by motor vehicles and industries, thereby ignoring the effects produced by wood smoke pollution. We hypothesized that morphological changes in the placenta could contribute to the reduction in fetal size associated with different periods of exposure to AP produced by wood smoke pollution prior to and during pregnancy. The objective of the study was to investigate the quantitative effects of long-term exposure to environmental levels of wood smoke pollution on the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the placenta in rats. To test this, pregnant rats were exposed during pregestational and gestational periods to wood smoke pollution in indoor and outdoor environments. At 19 days of gestation, the placentas were obtained by caesarean and were prepared for histological, planimetric and stereological analysis. The volume and proportions of the placental compartments were estimated. In addition, stereological estimators in fetal capillaries were calculated in the labyrinth region. Crown rump length, fetus weight and litter weight were influenced by pregestational and gestational exposure periods. Exposure to wood smoke pollution during pregestational period has significant effect on the volume of the placenta, and consequently on fetal height. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that long-term outdoor exposure to wood smoke pollution from residential heating affects fetal health, decreasing the absolute volume of the entire placenta and the placental interface between the mother and fetus, decreasing the total volume of blood vessels present in the labyrinth region of the placenta and affecting the size of the fetus