Tunicata, Thaliacea, Pyrosomatidae, Pyrosomella verticillata (Neumann, 1909): first record from the southwest Atlantic Ocean

Non

Larvas de Spongicolidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Stenopodidea) do plâncton da região oceânica brasileira

Stenopodidea is comprised of the family Spongicolidae, which includes five genera (Spongicoloides, Spongiocaris, Spongicola, Paraspongicola, and Microprosthema), and the family Stenopodidae, with four genera (Engystenopus, Odontozona, Richardina, and Stenopus). In Brazil, Stenopodidea is represented by two species of the genus Stenopus and one of Microprosthema. For the present report, five larvae of two Spongicolidae collected during the cruise of the RV Thalassa between Rio Real (BA) and Cabo de São Tomé (RJ) were identified and described. Two species of Microprosthema were identified, one ascribed to M. semilaeve, the only member of Spongicolidae recorded until now in Brazil; and the other to an undescribed species of Microprosthema. The two species can be distinguished by the rostrum, which is as long as the carapace in M. semilaeve and shorter in Microprosthema sp.2; and by the presence of pleural spines on abdominal somites 1 to 3 in M. semilaeve and only on somites 2 and 3 in the second morphotype.Larvas de Spongicolidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Stenopodidea) do plâncton da região oceânica brasileira. A infraordem Stenopodidea compreende as famílias Spongicolidae, que inclui cinco gêneros (Spongicoloides, Spongiocaris, Spongicola, Paraspongicola e Microprosthema), e Stenopodidae, com quatro gêneros (Engystenopus, Odontozona, Richardina e Stenopus). No Brasil, a infraordem Stenopodidea é representada por duas espécies do gênero Stenopus e uma de Microprosthema. No presente estudo, cinco exemplares de duas espécies de Spongicolidae coletadas durante o cruzeiro do RV Thalassa entre Rio Real (BA) e Cabo de São Tomé (RJ) foram identificados e descritos. Duas espécies de Microprosthema foram identificadas, uma atribuída a M. semilaeve, a única espécie de Spongicolidae registrada atualmente no Brasil, e outra atribuída a uma espécie ainda não descrita de Microprosthema. As larvas das duas espécies podem ser distinguidas pelo rostro, que é tão longo quanto a carapaça em M. semilaeve e mais curto na segunda espécie, e pela presença dos espinhos pleurais nos somitos abdominais 1-3 em M. semilaeve e somente nos somitos 2 e 3 no segundo morfotipo

Chemical characterization and adhesion of ceramic and metallic surfaces after non-thermal plasma application

Orientador: Marcelo Ferraz MesquitaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: Um esforço considerável tem sido feito pelos fabricantes e pesquisadores em alterar a propriedade das superfícies de materiais odontológicos como a zircônia e o titânio, através de tratamentos químicos e mecânicos. A nova tecnologia de plasmas atmosféricos não térmicos (NTP) tem o potencial de alterar quimicamente a superfície tanto da zircônia quanto do titânio. A proposta dos trabalhos realizados foi analisar a possível alteração química promovida pelo NTP através da determinação dos níveis de energia das superfícies (SE) de Y-TZP e Ti após o tratamento com NTP (1), caracterização química de suas superfícies (2), avaliação dos parâmetros de rugosidade e níveis de SE de superfícies de Y-TZP jateadas e polidas antes e após a aplicação do NTP (3), e a resistência à microtração (MTBS) de palitos de Y-TZP com diferentes métodos de tratamento, cimentados em palitos de reina composta (4). Para tal, discos de Y-TZP e Ti foram obtidos, submetidos à aplicação de NTP e avaliados quanto ao nível de SE. A quantificação de elementos químicos de ambas as superfícies foi realizada via espectroscopia de fotoelétrons excitados por raios x (XPS), antes a e após a aplicação do NTP. Os parâmetros de rugosidade, Sa e Sq, para a superfície de YTZP jateada e polida, foram estabelecidos por interferometria (IFM), e níveis de SE, estabelecidas pelo emprego do medidor óptico de ângulo de contato. Amostras de Y-TZP sem e com aplicação de NTP receberam um dos quatro tratamentos a seguir: jateamento de Al2O3, aplicação de 10-metacriloiloxidecil dihidrogeno fosfato, jateamento + MDP; sem tratamento e submetidos ao MTBS. Os dados foram submetidos a análises de variância one way, modelo misto de anova, teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey e test-t. Foi observado aumento significativo nos valores de SE para todas as superfícies submetidas à aplicação de NTP. A análise de XPS detectou principalmente, aumento da presença do elemento O e diminuição do elemento C, tanto na superfície da Y-TZP quanto na do Ti. As superfícies polida e jateada da Y-TZP apresentaram o mesmo nível de SE após a aplicação do NTP e todas as superfícies de Y-TZP tratadas com NTP apresentaram valores mais elevados de MTBS. A tecnologia de NTP alterou quimicamente as superfícies de Y-TZP e do Ti. Os resultados mostram que a utilização de NTP no processo de adesão pode ser promissor, no sentido de aumentar a adesão de materiais cerâmicos e metálicosAbstract: There have been considerable efforts by many manufacturers and researchers to modify the surface properties of zirconia and titanium, mechanically and chemically by various surface treatments. Novel non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology has the potential to address surface changes of Y-TZP and Ti surfaces. The aim of the following studies was (1) to determine the surface energy (SE) levels of Y-TZP and Ti surfaces after NTP treatment; (2) chemically characterize their surfaces; (3) evaluate roughness parameters and SE levels of roughened YTZP specimens before and after NTP treatment; and (4) test the microtensile strength (MTBS) of Y-TZP specimens after a combination of different surface conditioning methods. Y-TZP and Ti discs were obtained from the manufacturer and were treated with a handheld NTP device followed by SE evaluation. Survey scans and quantification of the elements were also performed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) prior and after NTP. Roughness paramenters, Sa and Sq, for the roughened Y-TZP surfaces were determined by Interferometry (IFM) and SE levels evaluated by the optical contact angle meter OCA 20. Furthermore, Y-TZP specimens with and without NTP application received one of the four following treatments: sand-blasting, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogenphosphate application (MDP), sand-blasting + MDP, or baseline (no treatment) and were submitted to MTBS. Data analysis was performed by one-way anova, mixed model, Tukey test and t-test. Significant augmentation of SE values was observed in all NTP treated groups. XPS detected a large increase in the O element fraction and a decrease in C element on both Y-TZP and Ti surfaces. Different roughness profiles of Y-TZP specimens showed the same SE levels after NTP treatment, and all Y-TZP NTP treated specimens showed higher bond strength than the untreated counterparts. The non-thermal plasma technology had the capability of changing the surface chemistry of the different substrates tested and it appears to be very promising in adhesion processesDoutoradoProtese DentalDoutor em Clínica Odontológic

Distribuição da classe Thaliacea (Tunicata) em frente a costa do estado do Rio de Janeiro

Plankton was sampled at 63 station's during “Operação Rio de Janeiro I” in horizontal, vertical and oblique plankton hauls. The class Thaliacea was studied through the ohservation of 17.928 organims divided in 6 species: Salpa fusiformis, Thalia democratica, T. cicar, Doliolum nationalis Doliolum gegenbauri and Pyrosoma atlanticum. Various fases of life cycle of these species were observed and for the first time in brazilian coast water a young colonie of Pyrosoma atlanticum was appointed. The Thalia democratica and Thalia cicar separation was discussed. The resultd obtained through the horizontal distribution of the "Standing-stock" (org/100m3) of Thaliacea were compared wiht plankton biovolume and correlated with temperature and salinity data.CAPESForam realizadas 63 estações oceanográficas durante a “Operação Rio de Janeiro I” e coletadas amostras de plancton em arrastos horizontais, verticais e oblíquos. Estudou-se a classe Thaliacea, sendo identificadas 6 espécies num total de 17.928 indivíduos pertencentes às famílias: Salpidae (Salpa fusiformis, Thalia democratica, T. cicar), Doliolidae (Doliolum nationalis Doliolum gegenbauri) e Pyrosomatidae (Pyrosoma atlanticum) Foram observadas as diversas fases do ciclo de vida das espécies, sendo descrito pela primeira vez para nossas águas, a forma jovem da colônia de Pyrosoma atlanticum. E discutida ainda a separação de Thalia democratica e Thalia cicar. Os resultados obtidos da distribuição horizontal do "Standing-stock" (org/100m3) dos Thaliacea, são comparados com os parâmetros temperatura e salinidade

Chaetognatha, Spadellidae, Paraspadella nana Owre, 1963: new occurrence from the southwest Atlantic Ocean

Chaetognaths are composed by six families and among them Spadellidae is strictly benthic. This study reports the first occurrence of Paraspadella nana Owre, 1963 in the coastal zone located in the northern region of Espírito Santo state (19°51’12” S, 40°02’45” W). This species was first recorded from the oceanic region of southeastern Florida and now it was recorded off the coast of Espírito Santo for the first time expanding its distribution to the southwest Atlantic Ocean

Pisces, Melamphaidae, Poromitra capito Goode & Bean, 1883 and Melamphaes simus Ebeling, 1962: distribution extension to the western South Atlantic Ocean

Non

The Plankton Role in Pollutants Dynamics as a Tool for Ecotoxicological Studies

Studies have evaluated the dynamics of pollutants at the base of the food chain to understand the contamination in the high levels of the trophic food webs (as fishes and humans). The base of the food chain, especially for those pollutants that biomagnifies, represents the beginning of the contamination of the trophic web. Those studies were possible from the last decades due to more precise analytical techniques. Studies have used mainly the zooplankton since this group has an important function in the transfer of matter and energy from phytoplankton, bacteria and materials (e.g.; inorganic sediments, organic matter in decomposition). These organisms can also transfer toxic substances to higher trophic levels since some pollutants can bioaccumulate in the zooplankton and biomagnify through food web. Therefore, understanding the role of plankton in the uptake of pollutants is fundamental to comprehend their concentrations in the food web. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v10i4.108

Daily fluctuation in rotifer population abundance in two environments of the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil

Daily fluctuation of rotifer population abundance was studied in a lake and in a river of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. Samples were collected in the open water for 14 consecutive days, in the high and low water periods. Densities were higher in the lake, chiefly in the low water period. During the studied period, changes in species dominance were observed. Rotifer abundance showed that higher variability occurred during the high water period in both environments. Rotifer abundance showed high variability in the river during the sampling days. In the lake, fluctuation was related to the hydrological periods. Rotifer abundance fluctuations in the lake were influenced by regional factors (fluviometric level); and in the river by local factors (flow). The sampling design pointed out that seasonal samples are necessary to evaluate rotifer abundance in the lake. However, this is not the case in the river where seasonal differences in abundance were not observed