Free-Flight Skin Temperature and Pressure Measurements on a Slightly Blunted 25 Deg Cone-Cylinder-Flare Configuration to a Mach Number of 9.89

Skin temperatures and surface pressures have been measured on a slightly blunted cone-cylinder-flare configuration to a maximum Mach number of 9.89 with a rocket-propelled model. The cone had a t o t a l angle of 25 deg and the flare had a 10 deg half-angle. Temperature data were obtained at eight cone locations, four cylinder locations, and seven flare locations; pressures were measured at one cone location, one cylinder location, and three flare locations. Four stages of propulsion were utilized and a reentry type of trajectory was employed in which the high-speed portion of flight was obtained by firing the last two stages during the descent of the model from a peak altitude of 99,400 feet. The Reynolds number at peak Mach number was 1.2 x 10(exp 6) per foot of model length. The model length was 6.68 feet. During the higher speed portions of flight, temperature measurements along one element of the nose cone indicated that the boundary layer was probably laminar, whereas on the opposite side of the nose the measurements indicated transitional or turbulent flow. Temperature distributions along one meridian of the model showed the flare to have the highest temperatures and the cylinder generally to have the lowest. A maximum temperature of 970 F was measured on the cone element showing the transitional or turbulent flow; along the opposite side of the model, the maximum temperatures of the cone, cylinder, and flare were 545 F, 340 F, and 680 F, respectively, at the corresponding time

Framing bias : the effect of figure presentation on seismic interpretation

The authors thank all the participants in the survey, and those who helped to distribute it. We thank Prof. Christopher Jackson and co-authors for allowing the use of their published images in this experiment. Juan Alcalde is funded by NERC grant NE/M007251/1, on interpretational uncertainty.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Pulsed Laser Deposition of Glass-Ceramic Thin Films for Computed Radiography

For this work, a fluorochlorozirconate thin film storage phosphor was developed in a two-step process. In the first step, the synthesis and characterization of the glass portion of the storage plate was completed. The second step incorporated crystalline and dopant materials into the glass matrix to develop the glass-ceramic thin film. After synthesis was completed, characterization was conducted, including measurement of photostimulated emission after prior x-ray irradiation indicating the ability of the thin film to act as a storage phosphor plate.The presence of reduced zirconium in fluorozirconate (FZ) glasses is highly unfavorable due to its detrimental effect on glass quality. Previous researchers have relied upon the use of a fluorine-containing processing gas to prevent the reduction of zirconium in FZ glasses deposited as thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). However, the use of a fluorine-containing processing gas as an oxidizing agent is disadvantageous, due to its toxicity. Eliminating the need for the processing gas would lead to a significantly safer and simpler process. The approach presented within this thesis is to incorporate indium, which is multivalent, into the PLD ablation target in order to stabilize the zirconium and remove the need for a processing gas. Using a fluoride glass target, FZ glass films were successfully deposited on fused silica substrates by PLD, without the need for any processing gas.In computed radiography applications using conventional granular storage phosphor materials, scattering of the stimulating laser light during read-out leads to decreased spatial resolution. The desire for high spatial resolution has led to imaging plates with thinner phosphor layers in order to reduce this scattering. The films produced in this study consist of multiple transparent layers of orthorhombic phase barium chloride nanocrystals doped with europium, separated by nanoscale layers of fluoride glass. The transparent nature of these films reduces blurring of the image due to scattering of the stimulating light during read-out. The films are deposited on fused silica substrates via pulsed laser deposition, utilizing a multicomponent target. This method allows for a higher concentration of luminescent centers compared to glass-ceramic imaging plates synthesized in bulk form

The magnetic confinement of an electric arc in a transverse supersonic flow.

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77388/1/AIAA-1964-26-455.pd

Optically Active Rare-Earth Doped Films Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Biomedical Applications

Optically active materials are used in many biomedical applications ranging from medical imaging to light therapies. Investigating the effects of differing nanostructure configurations on the optical performance of these materials can improve tunability, efficiency, and practicality for their respective applications. This work utilizes pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to develop nanostructured thin films and determines their optical performance for applications in computed radiography for medical imaging and in LEDs which can be used in biomedical applications such as photobiomodulation. In computed radiography, scattering of the stimulation light by the storage phosphor crystal grain boundaries in imaging plates negatively impacts spatial resolution. Storage phosphor plates with thinner phosphor layers have been developed to reduce scattering distance and increase spatial resolution, although at the expense of reduced x-ray absorption. A transparent or translucent nanostructured film, containing a much higher percentage of storage phosphor crystals achievable in bulk glass-ceramic materials made by conventional methods, may have acceptable photostimulated luminescence efficiency and imaging performance characteristics greater than commercial imaging plates. In an attempt to achieve a nanostructured film with superior performance in x-ray imaging, a glass-ceramic imaging plate for computed radiography was synthesized via PLD for the first time. The imaging plate was comprised of Eu-doped BaCl2 crystallites and an amorphous matrix. Nanolayered films comprising of BaF2, Eu2O3, and Al2O3 were synthesized via PLD with differing layered configurations to manipulate the coordinate surrounds of the europium dopant and determine its effects on optical properties. TEM cross-section analysis was conducted to verify the desired nano-layering. Different post-deposition heat treatments were investigated, and the films were evaluated for applications as a phosphor layer for UV-pumped white light LEDs which can be used for solid-state lighting and biomedical light therapies. A Mn dopant was added to europium to discover the threshold for the amount of manganese necessary to optically influence the nanolayered films. Although Mn/Eu co-doping did not prove advantageous for white light LEDs, all nanostructures of Eu-doped films have the potential for the desired application. Nanoscale control of optically-active thin films was demonstrated using pulsed laser deposition. Determining the effects of differing nanostructures on optical properties can lead to improvements in certain biomedical applications

P* Index of Segregation: Distribution Under Reassignment

Students of intergroup relations have measured segregation with a P* index. In this article, we describe the distribution of this index under a stochastic model. We derive exact, closed-form expressions for the mean, variance, and skewness of P* under random segregation. These yield equivalent expressions for a second segregation index: η2. Our analytic results reveal some of the distributional properties of these indices, inform new standardizations of the indices, and enable small-sample significance testing. Two illustrative examples are presented

In Nightingale's footsteps: A qualitative analysis of the impact of leadership development within the clinical learning environment

Aim To identify and describe the impact areas of a newly developed leadership development programme focussed on positioning leaders to improve the student experience of the clinical learning environment. Background There is a need to consider extending traditional ways of developing leaders within the clinical learning in order to accommodate an increased number of students and ensure their learning experience is fulfilling and developmental. The Florence Nightingale Foundation implemented a bespoke leadership development programme within the clinical learning environment. Identifying the areas of impact will help to inform organisational decision making regarding the benefits of encouraging and supporting emerging leaders to undertake this type of programme. Method For this qualitative descriptive study, eight health care professionals who took part in a bespoke leadership development programme were interviewed individually and then collectively. The Florence Nightingale Foundation fellowship/scholarship programme is examined to determine impact. Results Two key themes were described in relation to impact of the programme. These were ‘Personal Development’ and ‘Professional Impact’. The two key themes comprised several subthemes. The notion of time and space to think was subsumed within each theme. Conclusion Data highlights that the Florence Nightingale Foundation programme had a distinct impact on participants by transforming thinking and increasing self-confidence to enable changes to make improvements both within their organisations and at national level. Implications for Nursing Management Health care managers must continue to invest in building leadership capacity and capability through programmes that can help position individuals to realize their potential to positively influence health outcomes and wider society