Agrofesteries indonesiennes : contributions paysannes à la conservation des forêts naturelles et de leurs ressources

Agroforestry is a new approach which aims to reconciliate agricultural and forestry sciences. However, agroforestry is an old practice. In the humid areas of the tropical world, peasant agrosystems often associate annual crops and tree crops, agriculture and management of natural forests. The great diversity of forest environment and of agricultural systems in IncÎonesia gave rise to a variety of agroforestry practices, which range from fairly simple modifications of the forest ecosystem, or tree-crop enrichment fallows in shifting cultivation, to complex agroforests and sophisticated home-gardens. Facing the ever increasing problems due to deforestation and genetic erosion, village gardens in Java or complex agroforests in forest areas of Sumatra can contribute to the conservation of natural forests and of their resources. The traditional knowledge concerning utilization and management of trees, forest stuctures and sylvigenetic mechanisms, which peasants developped over centuries, is of great value. It could inspire programs involving both conservation and economie use of forests in the tropic

Biodiversity Informatics: An interactive computer- aided identification and knowledge base on tree species of Lao PDR

International audienceObjectives • To enrich the existing knowledge base (BIOTIK project*) on a major "hot spot" of biodiversity: the rain forests of Annamite Mountain range of Lao PDR, in the framework of the Inventory of biodiversity of forest canopies conducted in 2012 in Lao PDR under F. Hallé scientific direction, and also to participate to broader initiatives such as Pl@ntNet project**. • To translate the identification tool in the Lao language in order to contribute to the capacity-building in plant taxonomy in the country. • To transfer the identification system to touch pads, enabling plant identification and entering data directly in the field

Promouvoir l'implication des agriculteurs dans la prévention des feux de forêt.Partie 1 : reconsidération de la participation des agriculteurs dans la prévention des feux : leçons à tirer des feux de 1997. Partie 2 : connaissance des agriculteurs appliquée à la sélection des espèces dans les programmes de plantation participative

A SCANNER FOREWOR

Agroforesteries indonésiennes : contributions paysannes à la conservation des forêts naturelles et de leurs ressources

Agroforestry is a new approach which aims to reconciliate agricultural and forestry sciences. However, agroforestry is an old practice. In the humid areas of the tropical world, peasant agrosystems often associate annual crops and tree crops, agriculture and management of natural forests. The great diversity of forest environment and of agricultural systems in Indonesia gave rise to a variety of agroforestry practices, which range from fairly simple modifications of the forest ecosystem, or tree-crop enrichment fallows in shifting cultivation, to complex agroforests and sophisticated home-gardens. Facing the ever increasing problems due to deforestation and genetic erosion, village gardens in Java or complex agroforests in forest areas of Sumatra can contribute to the conservation of natural forests and of their resources. The traditional knowledge concerning utilization and management of trees, forest stuctures and sylvigenetic mechanisms, which peasants developped over centuries, is of great value. It could inspire programs involving both conservation and economic use of forests in the tropics.L’agroforesterie est une science récente, développée dans une tentative de réconciliation entre les sciences agronomiques et forestières. Mais la pratique agroforestière, elle, est très ancienne. Dans les régions tropicales humides, le paysan ne dissocie pas l’entretien de cultures annuelles de l’aménagement des forêts naturelles ou de la culture d’arbres. La richesse du milieu forestier et des systèmes agricoles en Indonésie ont permis le développement de nombreuses combinaisons agroforestières originales dans les agroécosystèmes paysans. Devant le rythme accru de la déforestation et de l’érosion génétique, les jardins villageois de Java où les agroforêts complexes des régions forestières de Sumatra peuvent apporter une contribution essentielle à la conservation des forêts naturelles et de leurs ressources. L’utilisation et la gestion des arbres et de leurs produits, des structures forestières et des mécanismes sylvigénétiques développés dans ces systèmes paysans constituent des exemples de grande valeur, qui pourraient être mis à profit pour harmoniser la conservation et l’utilisation économique des terres forestières des tropiques.Michon Geneviève, Bompard Jean-Marie. Agroforesteries indonésiennes : contributions paysannes à la conservation des forêts naturelles et de leurs ressources. In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 42, n°1, 1987. pp. 3-37

Highlighting some mechanisms of crack formation and propagation in clays on drying path

International audienceThe objective of this research was to analyse the formation and propagation of cracks related to desiccation in clay and to provide a better understanding of the behaviour of two clays, a kaolinite, and a mixture of kaolinite and montmorillonite. At the macroscopic level, the strain tensors of the two clays during drying, as well as the cracking phenomenon, were studied using digital image correlation. The method is based on the determination of the local two-dimensional strains and displacements fields using the programs Vic-2D and Vic-3D. Different mechanisms of crack formation were identified: opening mode, sliding mode and tearing mode. At the end of desiccation, the cracks form a network similar to thermal fatigue or thermal shock networks. Bifurcation and coalescence of cracks can also be observed in soil. Another objective was to explore the effect of mineralogy on the behaviour of these clays. It is the reason why two different mixtures of kaolin and montmorillonite were chosen, with liquid limits ranging from 40% to 82%. The results were found to be similar in both cases, except concerning the kinetics, which is faster in kaolin

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a new L-aminopeptidase-D-amidase/D-esterase activated by a Gly-Ser peptide bond hydrolysis.

Ochrobactrum anthropi possesses an L-aminopeptidase (DmpA) also able to act as a D-amidase/D-esterase. DmpA (40 kDa) is activated by auto-catalyzed protein splicing liberating an alpha-amino group presumably used as a general base in the catalytic mechanism. Two crystal forms were obtained at 294 K in 13-16% PEG 2000 mono-methylether at pH 9.0, adding either 0.2 M magnesium chloride or 1 M lithium chloride. Crystals of the first form belong to the space group C2221 and diffract to 3.0 A resolution, whereas crystals of the second form belong to the space group P21212 and diffract to 2.3 A resolution. Initial screening for heavy-atom derivatives on form II crystals, has led to a well substituted Hg derivative