Acute effects of a short-term and high intensity exercise on serum cytokines concentrations of sedentary women submitted to a circuit resistance training

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of short-term and high intensity exercise on serum cytokines concentrations, oxygen consumption and power of sedentary women pre and post 10 weeks of circuit resistance training (CRT). 14 women, 40.23 ± 3.9 years old, 164 ± 6.6 cm and 57.84 ± 7.7 kg were evaluated. Ventilatory threshold (WVT) and VO2peak (IVO2peak) were determined by ergoespirometric incremental test in a cycloergometer. In pre and post CRT, the women performed a test of cycling exercise with two stages: pedaling 30 minutes on WVT and 5 minutes on IVO2peak. The VO2peak was measured by gas analyzer and the cytokines by flow cytometry. The blood samples were taken at rest and immediately after the two stages to measure the plasmatic concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β; IL-6; IL-8; IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF). Paired Wilcoxon’s test was used to compare the pre and post values of all variables; The cytokines concentrations at rest, and after the two exercise stages were compared by Friedman´s with Tukey post hoc test CRT (α=0.05). The IVO2peak post CRT increased (p=0.01) without alteration of the VO2peak. The IL-6 concentrations were higher after 5 minutes in IVO2peak compared with the rest, both in pre and in post CRT (p\u3c0.05). The alterations in IL-6 plasmatic levels were protocol-dependent; and the proposed CRT increased the power in watts of VO2peak in cycling exercise, but was not sufficient to trigger an inflammatory reaction indicated by serum cytokines levels in women

Strength gain in bench press and spirometric parameters in sedentary healthy women

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between strength gain in bench press and spirometric parameters of sedentary women submitted to a circuit resistance training (CRT). 14 healthy and non-trained women 39.8 ± 3.9 years, 60.6 ± 6.6 kg and 163.6 ± 6.6 cm were submitted to a CRT. The training consisted of 3 sessions/week of a circuit training of 9 stations with alternating muscle groups. In each session, the subjects performed the circuit 2 times with one set of 8-12 maximal repetitions (RM) in each station, during 10 weeks. The spirometric maneuvers, slow vital capacity (SVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were analyzed by spirometric test, while the strength in bench press was measured by 1-RM test. These tests were performed before and after the CRT. Paired Wilcoxon’s test was applied for comparison between the pre versus post CRT values of the spirometric parameters and of the 1-RM test; and the Spearman’s test for correlation between strength gain in bench press and spirometric parameters in the pre and post CRT (α=0.05 for all statistical tests). In post CRT the strength in bench press test increased, but there was not modification in spirometric parameters; and there was not correlation between the strength gain in bench press and the spirometric parameters analyzed. Therefore, our findings suggest that the gain of strength in bench press induced by CRT do not change spirometric parameters in healthy women

Relationship between blood lactate and pain levels during and after maximum resistance exercises

The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between lactate concentration and pain during maximum resistance exercises. 14 healthy and non-trained women 39.8 ± 3.9 years, 60.6 ± 6.6 kg and 163.6 ± 6.6 cm were submitted to one maximum repetition test (1-RM) in leg press 45° (LP) and bench press (BP). Fatigue tests (FT) were performed in the same activity apparatus with 48 hours of interval before and after the 26 training sessions. The FT consisted of 3 exercise maximum bouts with 1 minute of interval and 50% of 1-RM. The measurements analyzed were lactate (LAC), lactate/kg of muscle mass (MM), and pain scale at rest, immediately after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd bouts and 5 minutes after the whole exercise. LAC, LAC/kg MM and pain increased during the FT as compared with rest. It was observed a significant increase in the LAC and LAC/kg MM values at rest and after bouts 1 and 2 in LP and BP before and after training. The pain level was not different in the 5 moments of the FT pre and post-training. Furthermore, there was a weak correlation between lactate and pain in LP and BP pre and post-training. In conclusion, the employed FT was capable to increase the lactate response. However, there was not any change in the pain levels, suggesting that the lactate is not a main factor that promotes increased pain during the tests

SIGILO PROFISSIONAL MÉDICO: ASPECTOS ÉTICOS E LEGAIS

Na relação médico-paciente, mostram-se fundamentais os princípios de privacidade, confidencialidade e comunicação empática, uma vez que o paciente precisa fornecer ao médico informações íntimas e verdadeiras, e espera deste um compromisso com o sigilo. Segundo Leite (2012), o sigilo profissional evidencia-se como informações que devem se manter restritas a um cliente, organização ou grupo, e é dever do profissional responsável manter a discrição em relação ao conteúdo abordado. É no Juramento de Hipócrates que se observa a primeira abordagem a respeito do sigilo médico, o qual pontua a discrição como meio de proteger seus pacientes, bem como suas confissões, de acordo com Santos et al. (2012). Esses autores ainda relatam que, com o desenvolvimento cultural e científico, o conceito de sigilo e sua aplicação sofreram alterações, visto que, a partir do século XIX, o sigilo passou a se constituir também como dever jurídico do profissional médico, ampliando-se para além do âmbito da étic

Role of cGMP and cAMP in the hemodynamic response to intrathecal sildenafil administration

INTRODUCTION: Results from our laboratory have demonstrated that intracerebroventricular administration of sildenafil to conscious rats promoted a noticeable increase in both lumbar sympathetic activity and heart rate, with no change in the mean arterial pressure. The intracerebroventricular administration of sildenafil may have produced the hemodynamic effects by activating sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the supraspinal regions and spinal cord. It is well documented that sildenafil increases intracellular cGMP levels by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 and increases cAMP levels by inhibiting other phosphodiesterases. OBJECTIVE: To examine and compare, in conscious rats, the hemodynamic response following the intrathecal administration of sildenafil, 8-bromo-cGMP (an analog of cGMP), forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase), or dibutyryl-cAMP (an analog of cAMP) in order to elucidate the possible role of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the observed hemodynamic response. RESULTS: The hemodynamic responses observed following intrathecal administration of the studied drugs demonstrated the following: 1) sildenafil increased the mean arterial pressure and heart rate in a dose-dependent manner, 2) increasing doses of 8-bromo-cGMP did not alter the mean arterial pressure and heart rate, 3) forskolin did not affect the mean arterial pressure but did increase the heart rate and 4) dibutyryl-cAMP increased the mean arterial pressure and heart rate, similar to the effect observed following the intrathecal injection of the highest dose of sildenafil. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings of the current study suggest that the cardiovascular response following the intrathecal administration of sildenafil to conscious rats involves the inhibition of phosphodiesterases other than phosphodiesterase type 5 that increase the cAMP level and the activation of sympathetic preganglionic neurons

Dental discoloration caused by Grey-MTAFlow cement: analysis of its physicochemical, biological and antimicrobial properties

Tricalcium silicate-based cement are materials used in reparative and regenerative procedures in endodontics. A recently proposed formulation aimed to enhance handling during clinical use with a versatile material applicable by syringe. Although, the use of bismuth oxide as radiopacifier and grey raw powder are drawbacks considering aesthetics. Objectives: Evaluate physicochemical, biological, and antimicrobial properties of Grey-MTAFlow (Ultradent) and assess whether the addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) prevents dentinal discoloration caused by bismuth oxide. Methodology: Grey-MTAFlow was manipulated in 'thin' consistency for all tests. Luminosity, color change, ion migration to dentine, radiopacity, setting time, ISO 6876:2012 linear flow, volumetric lateral flow and central filling of simulated grooves scanned using micro-computed tomography (μCT), pH, calcium release, volumetric change using μCT, chemical characterisation, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity were assessed. Addition of 5% ZnO to Grey-MTAFlow and a bismuth-containing experimental composition were comparatively tested. Statistical analyses used Shapiro-Wilk, T-test, ANOVA, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (p<0.05). Results: The addition of ZnO to Grey-MTAFlow prevented dentine darkening after 90 days due to bismuth migration reduction, although no statistical difference was found (p=0.863). ZnO addition significantly enhanced Grey-MTAFlow radiopacity without differences in initial setting time. Grey-MTAFlow presented an ISO linear flow of 10.9 mm and a balanced volumetric lateral flow with central filling in μCT evaluation. All compositions presented an alkaline pH after immersion. Grey-MTAFlow had a significantly higher calcium ion release after 28 days in comparison to 24 hours (p=0.011) and volumetric expansion of 0.4±1.8% after immersion. ZnO addition altered the hydrated cement matrix once calcium hydroxide (portlandite) could not be detected in characterisation. Neither of the materials produced inhibition halos nor reduced bacterial turbidity, but all presented cytocompatibility above 100%

Can strontium replace calcium in bioactive materials for dental applications?

The substitution of calcium with strontium in bioactive materials has been promising but there has been some concern over the material instability and possible toxicity. The aim of this research was the synthesis and characterization of calcium and strontium substituted bioactive materials and assessment of interactions with local tissues and peripheral elemental migration in an animal model. A bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite and hydraulic calcium silicate with 50% or 100% calcium substitution with strontium were developed and the set materials were characterized immediately after setting and after 30 and 180‐days in solution. Following subcutaneous implantation, the local (tissue histology, elemental migration) and systemic effects (elemental deposition after organ digestion) were assessed. The strontium‐replaced silicate cements resulted in the synthesis of partially substituted phases and strontium leaching at all‐time points. The strontium silicate implanted in the animal model could not be retrieved in over half of the specimens showing the high rate of material digestion. Tissue histology showed that all materials caused inflammation after 30 days of implantation however this subsided and angiogenesis occurred after 180 days. Strontium was not detected in the local tissues or the peripheral organs while all calcium containing materials caused calcium deposition in the kidneys. The tricalcium silicate caused elemental migration of calcium and silicon in the local tissues shown by the elemental mapping but no deposition of calcium was identified in the peripheral organs verified by the assessment of the digested tissues. Strontium can substitute calcium in bioactive materials without adverse local or systemic effects

Role of the spinal cord NO/cGMP pathway in the control of arterial pressure and heart rate

The modulatory effect of nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) pathway on sympathetic preganglionic neurons still deserves further investigation. The present study was designed to examine the role of the spinal cord NO/cGMP pathway in controlling mean arterial pressure and heart rate. We observed that intrathecal administration of the NO synthase inhibitor N omega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) causes an increase in mean arterial pressure but does not affect heart rate. Intrathecal administration of the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4] Oxadiazolo[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) does not change mean arterial pressure and heart rate. The precursor for NO synthesis, L-arginine, reduces both mean arterial pressure and heart rate while administration of ODQ before L-arginine impaired decreases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Administration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5) after L-NAME does not affect increases in mean arterial pressure promoted by NO synthase inhibition. Although the hypotensive and bradycardic responses induced by intrathecal administration of L-arginine depend on cGMP, our results indicate that NO acts to tonically inhibit SPNs, independent of either cGMP or NMDA receptors