Процес «Спілки Визволення України» та зростання селянського опору в умовах суцільної колективізації

Мета даної роботи полягає у з’ясуванні механізму використання матеріалів процесу «СВУ» на території сучасної Чернігівщини, пропагандистських цілях та реакції на нього з боку як населення, лояльного до влади, так і селян, які вперто чинили опір політиці колективізації

Aspects of surgery for congenital ventricular septal defect

In chapter 1, an outline of the thesis is given. This thesis focuses on aspects of surgical closure of a congenital ventricular septal defect. In Chapter 2, the accuracy and the potential of 3-D echocardiography in the preoperative assessment of a congenital VSD were evaluated. 3-D echocardiography can be considered a valuable diagnostic tool, which may accurately identify the location, size, and spatial relations of a VSD. Chapter 3 presents a surgical alternative by temporary tricuspid valve detachment, in the approach for the repair of a congenital VSD in patients in whom transatrial exposure of the VSD is inadequate. The procedure was significantly associated with patients that were younger, lighter in weight, shorter and more often on diuretic therapy. Regardless of the age, size and preoperative clinical condition of the patients, and regardless of the right ventricular load, temporary detachment of the tricuspid valve in closure of a congenital VSD can be performed safely, without any negative effect on growth or function of the valve at medium-term follow-up. Chapter 4 comments on temporary chordal detachment as an alternative to temporary detachment of the anterior or septal tricuspid leaï¬,et from the tricuspid annulus in repairing a congenital VSD in patients in whom transatrial exposure of the VSD is incomplete. This technique may be useful in selected cases; however, arguments in favour should preferably come from obvious advantages or from careful follow-up. Chapter 5 focuses on the differences between mild (32°C) and moderate (28°C) systemic hypothermia during the reconstruction of a congenital ventricular septal defect in paediatric patients. No differences were found regarding organ preservation and adequacy of cardio pulmonary bypass, nor in surgical exposure and clinical outcome. Chapter 6 demonstrates the clinical application of real time 3-D echocardiography in patients with a surgically corrected congenital ventricular septal defect. With I-Space technology, the complex postoperative cardiac anatomy of the closed congenital VSD can be appropriately visualised in virtual reality and provides a unique resource for postoperative quality control as well as for education with regard to the intracardiac repair of a congenital VSD. Chapter 7 provides a long-term follow-up study after surgical closure of a congenital ventricular septal defect. To enhance surgical exposure of the congenital ventricular septal defect in selected patients, the tricuspid valve was temporary detached from the tricuspid annulus and proved to be a safe method. Closure of a congenital ventricular septal defect can be performed with a low complication rate. Tricuspid valve detachment (TVD) results in less early postoperative tricuspid valve regurgitation and does not result in tricuspid valve dysfunction during follow-up. TVD results in comparable residual shunting as non-TVD. The incidence of trivial residual shunting is higher in small children irrespective of tricuspid valve detachment. Trivial residual shunting is expected to disappear spontaneously Chapter 8 provides a long-term follow-up study after surgical closure of a congenital ventricular septal defect at adult age with special emphasis to quality of life. The need for surgical closure of a congenital ventricular septal defect in adulthood is rare, but on the right indication, surgery is an adequate and safe procedure, with good results on long-term follow up. Quality of life of this adult VSD group is comparable with general population. In 10 out of twelve domains of the TAAQOL-questionnaire they had an equal score. Merely in 2 domains, cognitive functioning and sleep, our population differed from the general population with regard to the quality of life. Chapter 9 contains a general discussion regarding aspects of surgery of a co

Ricci flows with unbounded curvature

We show that any noncompact Riemann surface admits a complete Ricci flow g(t), t\in[0,\infty), which has unbounded curvature for all t\in[0,\infty).Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure; updated reference

On Rank Problems for Planar Webs and Projective Structures

We present old and recent results on rank problems and linearizability of geodesic planar webs.Comment: 31 pages; LaTeX; corrected the abstract and Introduction; added reference

Heparin as a risk factor for perigraft seroma complicating the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of perigraft seromas complicating systemic-to-pulmonary polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. METHODS: Clinical and perioperative variables were reexamined, blinded for the outcome variable perigraft seroma, in 60 patients undergoing 67 consecutive graft procedures in a 3.5-year period. RESULTS: Eight cases of perigraft seroma were diagnosed in six patients. Univariate analysis revealed age (p = 0.02), a diagnosis of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and systemic-pulmonary collaterals (p = 0.001), reimplantation of collaterals during the procedure (p < 0.001), and intravenous heparin administered after operation (p < 0.0001) as risk factors for symptomatic perigraft seroma. Multivariable analysis defined heparin as the only significant factor associated with symptomatic perigraft seroma. Consolidation of the upper lobe on chest radiograph, ipsilateral to the shunt, directly after operation (p = 0.01), but especially 8 to 10 days after operation (p < 0.0001), or the need for prolonged drainage of pleural fluid (p < 0.0001) were correlated with the occurrence of perigraft seroma. Perigraft seroma led to four early rethoracotomies in three patients and to accelerated corrective surgery in three cases. Consolidation and absent perfusion of lung segments persisted in two patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the use of heparin leads to an increased risk of perigraft seroma, complicating systemic-pulmonary polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. Prolonged pleural drainage and/or postoperative consolidation of the upper lobe indicate the development of symptomatic perigraft seroma. Treatment is controversial and results are unpredictable. Expectative management seems to be justified so long as permitted by the clinical condition

Spatial distribution of organic carbon in the Atacama Desert, Chile

The Atacama Desert in northern Chile is known as the driest region on earth; however traces of life, can still be found. Soils are the habitat and reservoir for plants and microorganisms, which leave their fingerprints as organic residues. Here we identify and quantify organic carbon in soil profiles and along potential plant dispersal corridors in the Atacama Desert. We hypothesize that preferential pathways or barriers of the dispersal of life exist, which can be related to soil properties such as bulk density. We further assume that due to dust and salt accumulation at the surface, in particular the subsoils will reveal an unique though little explored archive of organic matter. The analytical assessment of Corg at very low levels is challenging. It was found that SOC in hyperarid soils ranged from 1.8 – 125 µg C per g soil for 0-1 m (1). We here present an improved Corg analysis, which is based on a temperature gradient method (DIN19539; Soli TOC cube, Elementar, Hanau). This allows combustion of samples with up to 5 g sample weight without the need to remove carbonate. This avoids loss and increases precision of Corg quantification at lowest concentrations. We can show that Corg contents decrease from 1.47 % to 0.1 % in the first 14 km of the gradient. However, first results suggest that within the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Corg contents increase. This gives first hints to the vegetation history of the desert and the dispersal of life

Nuclear DDX3 expression predicts poor outcome in colorectal and breast cancer

Purpose: DEAD box protein 3 (DDX3) is an RNA helicase with oncogenic properties that shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus. The majority of DDX3 is found in the cytoplasm, but a subset of tumors has distinct nuclear DDX3 localization of yet unknown biological significance. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of and mechanisms behind nuclear DDX3 expression in colorectal and breast cancer. Methods: Expression of nuclear DDX3 and the nuclear exporter chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 304 colorectal and 292 breast cancer patient samples. Correlations between the subcellular localization of DDX3 and CRM1 and the difference in overall survival between patients with and without nuclear DDX3 were studied. In addition, DDX3 mutants were created for in vitro evaluation of the mechanism behind nuclear retention of DDX3. Results: DDX3 was present in the nucleus of 35% of colorectal and 48% of breast cancer patient samples and was particularly strong in the nucleolus. Nuclear DDX3 correlated with worse overall survival in both colorectal (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, P&#60;0.001) and breast cancer (HR 2.39, P=0.004) patients. Colorectal cancers with nuclear DDX3 expression more often had cytoplasmic expression of the nuclear exporter CRM1 (relative risk 1.67, P=0.04). In vitro analysis of DDX3 deletion mutants demonstrated that CRM1-mediated export was most dependent on the N-terminal nuclear export signal. Conclusion: Overall, we conclude that nuclear DDX3 is partially CRM1-mediated and predicts worse survival in colorectal and breast cancer patients, putting it forward as a target for therapeutic intervention with DDX3 inhibitors under development in these cancer types

Laplace transformations of hydrodynamic type systems in Riemann invariants: periodic sequences

The conserved densities of hydrodynamic type system in Riemann invariants satisfy a system of linear second order partial differential equations. For linear systems of this type Darboux introduced Laplace transformations, generalising the classical transformations in the scalar case. It is demonstrated that Laplace transformations can be pulled back to the transformations of the corresponding hydrodynamic type systems. We discuss periodic Laplace sequences of with the emphasize on the simplest nontrivial case of period 2. For 3-component systems in Riemann invariants a complete discription of closed quadruples is proposed. They turn to be related to a special quadratic reduction of the (2+1)-dimensional 3-wave system which can be reduced to a triple of pairwize commuting Monge-Ampere equations. In terms of the Lame and rotation coefficients Laplace transformations have a natural interpretation as the symmetries of the Dirac operator, associated with the (2+1)-dimensional n-wave system. The 2-component Laplace transformations can be interpreted also as the symmetries of the (2+1)-dimensional integrable equations of Davey-Stewartson type. Laplace transformations of hydrodynamic type systems originate from a canonical geometric correspondence between systems of conservation laws and line congruences in projective space.Comment: 22 pages, Late

Criteria for the differentiation between young and old Onchocerca volvulus filariae

Drugs exist that show long-lasting inhibition of embryogenesis and microfilaria production or macrofilaricidal activity against Onchocerca volvulus. Therefore, the patients have to be followed-up for several years. Clinical drug trials have to be performed in areas with ongoing transmission to assess the efficacy on younger worms. In addition, future vaccine trials may also require demonstrating efficacy against establishment of new worms. For the evaluation of the efficacy, it is necessary to differentiate between older worms, which were exposed to the drug, and younger worms newly acquired after drug treatment or vaccination. Here, we describe criteria for the differentiation between young and old filariae based on histological studies of worms with a known age from travellers, or from children, or patients living in areas with interrupted transmission in Burkina Faso, Ghana or Uganda. Older worms were larger and presented degenerated tissues. Gomori's iron stain showed that the worms accumulated more iron with increasing age, first in the gut and later in other organs. Using an antibody against O. volvulus lysosomal aspartic protease, the gut of young worms was stained only weakly; whereas, it was stronger labelled in older worms, accompanied by additional staining of hypodermis and epithelia. Using morphological and immunohistological criteria, it was possible to differentiate young (1–3 years old) from older females and to identify young males