Sprint o carrera de fondo. Reflexiones para un balance de situación acerca de la prevención de riesgos laborales.

Sin resume

Trabajo temporal y siniestralidad laboral en España en el período 1988 - 1995.

Sin resume

El análisis comparativo entre razas de gallinas mediterráneas en base a sus características morfológicas no refleja relaciones de origen ni aptitud

The aim of this study was to carry out the systematic classification in related groups and based on morphological similarities of 19 breeds of hens of the Mediterranean group. These breeds were 15 Spanish (Alicantina, Andaluza Azul, Cara Blanca, Castellana Negra, Empordanesa, Flor d'Ametller, Mallorquina, Menorquina, Murciana, Pairal, Penedesenca, Prat, Sobrarbe, Utrerana and Valenciana de Chulilla) and four Italians (Italiana, Livorno, Mericanel della Brianza and Paduana). The analysis included the evaluation of 17 qualitative morphological characteristics and was based on the principle of parsimony using Fitch method. The resulting phylogram should be interpreted as a group tree oncerning the morphological relationships between breeds and not as a phylogenetic tree because does not allow a clear clustering of breeds according to their origin of purpose. This, together with the rates obtained for synapomorphy -shared homologous characters- and homoplasia - independently acquired parallel changes- higher in the former, allows to suppose that, although in the process of breed diversification, there may have been phenomena of convergence of morphological characters, the conservation phenomena of existing morphological characters have been greater. That is, there have been changes in the morphological models in the process of formation of the breeds, independent of their origin and aptitude.El objetivo del estudio fue realizar la clasificación sistemática de grupos afines y con base a semejanzas morfológicas de 19 razas de gallinas del grupo mediterráneo. Estas fueron 15 españolas (Alicantina, Andaluza Azul, Cara Blanca, Castellana Negra, Empordanesa, Flor d’Ametller, Mallorquina, Menorquina, Murciana, Pairal, Penedesenca, Prat, Sobrarbe, Utrerana y Valenciana de Chulilla) y cuatro italianas (Italiana, Livorno, Mericanel della Brianza y Paduana) a partir de 17 características morfológicas cualitativas. Se evaluaron con base al principio de parsimonia usando el método de Fitch. El filograma resultante, interpretado como un árbol de grupos concernientes a las relaciones morfológicas entre las razas estudiadas y no como un árbol filogenético, ya que no permite la agrupación de las razas en función de su origen o aptitud. Ello, junto con los índices obtenidos de sinapomorfia –caracteres homólogos compartidos– y homoplasia –cambios paralelos adquiridos independientemente–, más elevado en el primero, permite suponer que, aunque en el proceso de diversificación de la gallina se hayan podido dar fenómenos de convergencia de caracteres morfológicos, han sido mayores los fenómenos de conservación de caracteres morfológicos ya existentes. Es decir, que se han dado cambios en los modelos morfológicos en el proceso de formación de las razas, independientes de su origen y aptitud

Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid pattern in active inflammatory bowel disease

Plasma fatty acid patterns were assessed by gas liquid chromatography in 73 patients with active inflammatory bowel disease and 107 healthy controls. The influence of the disease activity on fatty acid profile was also investigated. Plasma fatty acid patterns in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were similar. Plasma C18:3n3 and C22:6n3 were significantly higher in active ulcerative colitis (p = 0.0143 and p < 0.00001 respectively) and in Crohn's disease (p < 0.00001 for both) than in controls, whereas C20:3n6 was significantly lower in patients than in controls, both in ulcerative colitis (p = 0.0001) and in Crohn's disease (p = 0.0041). In more severe disease, plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations fell with a significant stepwise decrease in the desaturation index (p = 0.0031 in ulcerative colitis and p = 0.0355 in Crohn's disease). Even in patients with severe disease, however, plasma n3 fatty acids (C18:3n3 and C22:6n3) never fell below those of healthy controls. These findings suggest that in active inflammatory bowel disease, an increased biosynthesis might coexist with an increased consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These observations may be of relevance in the pathogenesis of the disease as polyunsaturated fatty acids are involved in tissue eicosanoid synthesis and cellular membrane function, including that of immunocompetent cells. These results also question the rationale of using n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Evaluación de la efectividad de las actividades preventivas (planes de actuación preferente) sobre la incidencia de las lesiones traumáticas no mortales con incapacidad laboral por accidentes de trabajo en jornada en España (1994-2004)

Ana M. García García ([email protected])Fundamento. Los planes de actuación preferente (PAP) han sido las principales actividades preventivas desarrolladas por las comunidades autónomas (CCAA) frente a las lesiones por accidentes de trabajo (LAT) en España desde 1999. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la efectividad de los planes. Métodos. Fueron seleccionados 4.714.080 casos incidentes de LAT no mortales con incapacidad laboral, ocurridos entre 1994 y 2004 durante la jornada laboral producidos por causas mecánicas y por sobreesfuerzo en empresas manufactureras y de servicios no públicos. A partir de las incidencias anuales se estimó en cada CCAA el porcentaje de cambio anual y su intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%) para el periodo anterior y posterior del inicio del PAP mediante una regresión binomial negativa. Resultados. El patrón observado siguió una tendencia ascendente en los periodos previos al inicio del PAP y descendente a continuación de la puesta en marcha de estos planes. Por ejemplo, en Aragón, donde el PAP se inició en 1999, observamos un incremento de +5,3% entre 1994-1999 frente a un descenso de -4,9% entre 2000-2004. En Baleares, que inició su PAP en 2002, la tendencia correspondiente fue de +5,4% entre 1994-2001 frente a -14% entre 2002-2004. Sin embargo, se observaron tendencias similares en Madrid (-3,9% entre 2000 y 2004) o en Galicia (-4,8% entre 2000 y 2004), donde no consta que se pusieran en marcha un PAP específico en el periodo de estudio. Conclusiones. Estos resultados no permiten atribuir a los PAP el descenso generalizado en la incidencia de las LAT no mortales a partir del 2000 en España. Posiblemente, otras acciones de carácter general, que habrían afectado a todas las CCAA por igual (incluyendo a aquéllas que no han desarrollado sus propios PAP), explicarían este descenso en la incidencia de las lesiones por accidente de trabajo seleccionadas en el presente análisis.Backgound: The strategic action plans have been the main preventive activities carried out by the Autonomous Community Governments in relation to occupational injuries in Spain since 1999. This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of these plans. Methods. A total of 4,714,080 cases of non-fatal traumatic occupational injuries leading to disability having occurred within the 1994-2004 period due to mechanical causes and over-exertion at non-publicly owned service and manufacturing companies were included. Based on the annual incidence rates, the percentage of annual change and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated for the periods prior to and following the start-up of the Strategic Action Plans by means of negative binomial regression. Results. The pattern found followed an upward trend during the periods prior to the start-up of the Strategic Actions Plans, followed by a downward trend as of the start-up of these plans. For example, in Aragon, where the Strategic Action Plan was started up in 999, a +5.3% rise was found within the 1994-1999 period, as compared to a –4.9% decrease during the 2000-2004 period. On the Balearic Islands, which started up their Strategic Action Plan in 2002, the corresponding trend was +5.4% for 1994-2001, as compared to –14% for 2002-2004. However, similar trends were found in Madrid (-3.9% for 2000-2004) or in Galicia (-4.8% for 2000-2004), where there is no record of any specific Strategic Action Plan having been gotten under way during the period under study. Conclusions. These results do not make it possible to attribute the widespread drop in the non-fatal traumatic occupational injury incidence as of 2000 in Spain to the Strategic Action Plans. Possibly other actions of a general nature which may have had a bearing on all of the Autonomous Communities in the same manner (including those which have not developed their own Strategic Action Plans) might explain this drop in the incidence of the occupational injuries selected in this analysis

Raman LIDARs for the atmospheric calibrationalong the line-of-sight of CTA

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next generation ground-based observatory forgamma-ray astronomy at very-high energies. Employing more than 100 Imaging AtmosphericCherenkov Telescopes in the northern and southern hemispheres, it was designed to reach un-precedented sensitivity and energy resolution. Understanding and correcting for systematic bi-ases on the absolute energy scale and instrument response functions will be a crucial issue forthe performance of CTA. The LUPM group and the Spanish/Italian/Slovenian collaboration arecurrently building two Raman LIDAR prototypes for the online atmospheric calibration alongthe line-of-sight of the CTA. Requirements for such a solution include the ability to characterizeaerosol extinction at two wavelengths to distances of 30 km with an accuracy better than 5%,within time scales of about a minute, steering capabilities and close interaction with the CTAarray control and data acquisition system as well as other auxiliary instruments. Our Raman LI-DARs have design features that make them different from those used in atmospheric science andare characterized by large collecting mirrors (∼2.5 m2), liquid light-guides that collect the light atthe focal plane and transport it to the readout system, reduced acquisition time and highly preciseRaman spectrometers. The Raman LIDARs will participate in a cross-calibration and character-ization campaign of the atmosphere at the CTA North site at La Palma, together with other sitecharacterization instruments. After a one-year test period there, an in-depth evaluation of the so-lutions adopted by the two projects will lead to a final Raman LIDAR design proposal for bothCTA sites