Sequential fissions of heavy nuclear systems

In Xe+Sn central collisions from 12 to 20 MeV/A measured with the INDRA 4$\pi$ multidetector, the three-fragment exit channel occurs with a significant cross section. In this contribution, we show that these fragments arise from two successive binary splittings of a heavy composite system. Strong Coulomb proximity effects are observed in the three-fragment final state. By comparison with Coulomb trajectory calculations, we show that the time scale between the consecutive break-ups decreases with increasing bombarding energy, becoming compatible with quasi-simultaneous multifragmentation above 18 MeV/A.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, contribution to conference proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Nuclear fission and Fission-Product Spectroscop

Nuclear multifragmentation time-scale and fluctuations of largest fragment size

Distributions of the largest fragment charge, Zmax, in multifragmentation reactions around the Fermi energy can be decomposed into a sum of a Gaussian and a Gumbel distribution, whereas at much higher or lower energies one or the other distribution is asymptotically dominant. We demonstrate the same generic behavior for the largest cluster size in critical aggregation models for small systems, in or out of equilibrium, around the critical point. By analogy with the time-dependent irreversible aggregation model, we infer that Zmax distributions are characteristic of the multifragmentation time-scale, which is largely determined by the onset of radial expansion in this energy range.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters on 8/4/201

Signals of Bose Einstein condensation and Fermi quenching in the decay of hot nuclear systems

We report experimental signals of Bose-Einstein condensation in the decay of hot Ca projectile-like sources produced in mid-peripheral collisions at sub-Fermi energies. The experimental setup, constituted by the coupling of the INDRA 4$\pi$ detector array to the forward angle VAMOS magnetic spectrometer, allowed us to reconstruct the mass, charge and excitation energy of the decaying hot projectile-like sources. Furthermore, by means of quantum fluctuation analysis techniques, temperatures and mean volumes per particle "as seen by" bosons and fermions separately are correlated to the excitation energy of the reconstructed system. The obtained results are consistent with the production of dilute mixed (bosons/fermions) systems, where bosons experience a smaller volume as compared to the surrounding fermionic gas. Our findings recall similar phenomena observed in the study of boson condensates in atomic traps.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. (december 2014

Coulomb chronometry to probe the decay mechanism of hot nuclei

In 129 Xe+ nat Sn central collisions from 8 to 25 MeV/A, the three-fragment exit channel occurs with a significant cross section. We show that these fragments arise from two successive binary splittings of a heavy composite system. The sequence of fragment production is determined. Strong Coulomb proximity effects are observed in the three-fragment final state. A comparison with Coulomb trajec-tory calculations shows that the time scale between the consecutive break-ups decreases with increasing bombarding energy, becoming quasi-simultaneous above excitation energy E * = 4.0$\pm$0.5 MeV/A. This transition from sequential to simultaneous break-up was interpreted as the signature of the onset of multifragmentation for the three-fragment exit channel in this system.Comment: 12 pages; 13 Figures; 4 Table; Accepted for publication in Physical Review

The ASY-EOS experiment at GSI: investigating the symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities

The elliptic-flow ratio of neutrons with respect to protons in reactions of neutron rich heavy-ions systems at intermediate energies has been proposed as an observable sensitive to the strength of the symmetry term in the nuclear Equation Of State (EOS) at supra-saturation densities. The recent results obtained from the existing FOPI/LAND data for $^{197}$Au+$^{197}$Au collisions at 400 MeV/nucleon in comparison with the UrQMD model allowed a first estimate of the symmetry term of the EOS but suffer from a considerable statistical uncertainty. In order to obtain an improved data set for Au+Au collisions and to extend the study to other systems, a new experiment was carried out at the GSI laboratory by the ASY-EOS collaboration in May 2011.Comment: Talk given by P. Russotto at the 11th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (NN2012), San Antonio, Texas, USA, May 27-June 1, 2012. To appear in the NN2012 Proceedings in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS

BMC Psychol

Background Preschoolers regularly display disruptive behaviors in child care settings because they have not yet developed the social skills necessary to interact prosocially with others. Disruptive behaviors interfere with daily routines and can lead to conflict with peers and educators. We investigated the impact of a social skills training program led by childcare educators on children’s social behaviors and tested whether the impact varied according to the child’s sex and family socio-economic status. Methods Nineteen public Child Care Centers (CCC, n = 361 children) located in low socio-economic neighborhoods of Montreal, Canada, were randomized into one of two conditions: 1) intervention (n = 10 CCC; 185 children) or 2) wait list control (n = 9 CCC; 176 children). Educators rated children’s behaviors (i.e., disruptive and prosocial behaviors) before and after the intervention. Hierarchical linear mixed models were used to account for the nested structure of the data. Results At pre-intervention, no differences in disruptive and prosocial behaviors were observed between the experimental conditions. At post-intervention, we found a significant sex by intervention interaction (β intervention by sex = − 1.19, p = 0.04) indicating that girls in the intervention condition exhibited lower levels of disruptive behaviors compared to girls in the control condition (f2 effect size = − 0.15). There was no effect of the intervention for boys. Conclusions Girls may benefit more than boys from social skills training offered in the child care context. Studies with larger sample sizes and greater intervention intensity are needed to confirm the results

Étude de l'énergie de symétrie dans les collisions 40,48^{40,48}Ca+40,48^{40,48}Ca à 35 MeV/A.

Expérience GANIL/INDRA-VAMOSSymmetry term (Csym) inside the nuclear equation of state is studied with the help of the isoscaling parameters and the isotopic distributions widths for 40,48Ca+40,48Ca reactions at an incident energy of 35 MeV/A. Peripheral et semi-peripheral collisions are studied. A coupling between two experimental setups, VAMOS spectrometer and INDRA multidetector was done. VAMOS was able to measure the charge and mass of the projectile like fragment (PLF) with a high precision. Light charged particles were measured in coincidence with INDRA, and they give us an impact parameter and excitation energy estimations They are also used in the primary fragment reconstruction, which are the PLF parent. PLF study shows the presence of an important odd-even effect, which can be associated to the secondary decay effects. The extracted values of the symmetry energy term directly from the PLF are not reliable. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the primary fragment in order to take into account the secondary decay effects. By studying primary fragments, we observe an evolution of the parameter Csym/T as a function of the charge. This evolution is attributed to the fragment excitation energy. Also, global distributions of Csym/T give us an information on the surface over the volume contributions to the symmetry energy ratio. Those ratios show important surface contributions, same results given by simulations. With extracted temperatures from proton energy spectra, a Csym value can be obtained. Those values, around 30 MeV, are coherent with values around the saturation density.Le terme d'énergie de symétrie (Csym) contenu à l'intérieur de l'équation d'état de la matière nucléaire est étudié via l'isoscaling et les formes des distributions isotopiques pour les réactions 40,48Ca+40,48Ca à une énergie incidente de 35 MeV/A. Les collisions périphériques et semi-périphériques sont étudiées. Un couplage entre deux appareils expérimentaux, le spectromètre VAMOS et le multidétecteur INDRA, a été fait. VAMOS a permis de mesurer la charge et la masse des résidus d'évaporation du quasi-projectile (PLF) avec grande précision. Les particules légères chargées ont été mesurées simultanément avec INDRA, permettant d'estimer le paramètre d'impact et l'énergie d'excitation ainsi que de reconstruire le fragment primaire, parent du PLF. L'étude des PLF montre la présence d'un effet pair-impair associé aux effets de désintégrations secondaires. L'extraction d'une information concernant Csym par l'étude des PLF, dans le cadre de cette thèse, est donc difficile, d'où la nécessité de reconstruire le fragment primaire. En étudiant les fragments primaires reconstruits, nous observons une évolution du paramètre Csym/T en fonction de la charge. Cette évolution est attribuée au degré d'excitation des fragments. De plus, la forme des distributions globales de Csym/T nous permet d'extraire le rapport des contributions de surface et de volume à l'énergie de symétrie. Ces rapports nous montrent des effets de surface importants, appuyés par les calculs théoriques. À partir des températures extraites par les spectres en énergie des protons, une valeur de Csym est extraite. Ces valeurs, autour de 30 MeV, sont cohérentes avec des valeurs autour de la densité de saturation