Engaging stakeholders to improve innovation in the water industry

The majority of our nation's drinking water suppliers are small systems serving 25 to 3,300 people. It was recognized by U.S. EPA that to bring these small community systems into satisfactory compliance would necessitate new thinking and flexibility in terms of technology applications. Unfortunately, innovation in public water systems (PWSs) that provide drinking water to consumers is lacking. This lack of innovation is not due to technological advancements but rather due to institutional constraints. These institutional constraints may be U.S. EPA regulations or state regulatory rules, but also cultural norms and career incentives that reward conservative choices by drinking water utilities in communities and regulators. These institutional constraints pose greater challenges for small and medium communities and even result in greater economic burdens and lower public health protection than for comparable large communities. This presentation will describe the process to develop design criteria for low-pressure membranes that Ohio EPA will use as a supplement to the 10 state standards with the goal of improving innovation for water utilities in Ohio. Particularly, the Ohio Water Resources Center (WRC) at Ohio State has been working in conjunction with Ohio AWWA, regulators (Ohio EPA and U.S. EPA), utilities, manufacturers, and design professionals to lay out a framework for the design criteria by performing the following tasks: 1. identifying and selecting a relevant emerging technology in collaboration with our partners; 2. contacting the regulators, design professionals, and manufacturers of these technologies and composing a list of where microfiltration or ultrafiltration is currently in operation; 3. collecting sufficient full-scale data from these operating systems; 4. determining operating parameter(s) used to develop design criteria; 5. drafting design criteria for discussion among Ohio WRC, Ohio EPA and Ohio AWWA; 6. working effectively in a consensus-building process with Ohio EPA and these other stakeholders to come to agreement on final design criteria to be used by Ohio EPA in its approval process. Success of this project will eliminate the currently required pre-design demonstration study (typically at the pilot scale) for low-pressure membranes – significantly reducing the cost and project schedule for small and medium PWSs in Ohio to install current treatment technologies that are more cost effective and appropriate for treating the associated source water. Continued communication of progress on the supplemental design criteria for low-pressure membranes ensures that the project receives valuable input from stakeholders and strengthens the final product to provide the greatest benefit to PWSs throughout Ohio. The presentation will inform audience members of the project learnings and inspire interest in further work to propel innovation in the water industry.AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Zuzana Bohrerova, research specialist; associate director, Ohio State Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, [email protected] (Corresponding Author); Ohio Water Resources Center; Linda Weavers, professor and John C. Geupel Chair; co-director, Ohio State Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering; Ohio Water Resources Center; Timothy Wolfe, senior consultant and VP emeritus; adjunct faculty, Stantec Consulting Services, Inc; Ohio State Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering; Megan Patterson, graduate research associate; Environmental EIT, Ohio State Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Stantec Consulting Services, Inc.The majority of drinking water suppliers in the United States are small systems serving 25 to 3,300 people. Innovation in public water systems (PWSs) is lacking, not due to technological advancements, but rather due to institutional constraints that pose greater challenges for small and medium communities and result in greater economic burdens and lower public health protection than for large communities. The Ohio Water Resources Center (WRC) is developing design criteria for a treatment technology that Ohio EPA will use as a supplement to the 10 state standards. Success of this project will eliminate the currently required pre-design demonstration study for low-pressure membranes – significantly reducing the cost and project schedule for small and medium PWSs in Ohio to install this technology where it is more cost effective and appropriate. We will inform audience members of the project learnings and inspire interest in further work to propel innovation in the water industry

Photocatalytic inactivation of microorganisms in water under ultraviolet C irradiation and TiO2

Microbial contamination is one of the most important problems in the preparation of many herbal products. This study aimed to use nanoparticles and UVC radiation, which were considered in some previous laboratory studies. The contaminated water was entered into a photocatalytic reactor, and microbial removal efficiency of TiO2 alone and in the presence of UV was evaluated under different retention times (0-90 min) and concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1 and 2 mg/ml). Efficiency of the reactor increased with increase in the retention time in the presence of UV. Simultaneous treatment of the contaminated water with both UV and TiO2 nanoparticles had a similar outcome. However, only a slight reduction in the concentration of microbes was noted in the presence of TiO2 in high concentrations. Considering the significant antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles, it is suggested to conduct similar studies on the effect of these compounds using animal models. By obtaining further information on other antimicrobial properties of such compounds, they could be utilized for removal of microbial surface contamination, especially in clinical settings. Copyright (C) 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved