O konstytutywnej współzależności wyjaśniania i identyfikowania czynności konwencjonalnych

The article examines the specific correlation (interdependence) between the identification and intentional explanation of conventional acts (in particular, legally significant conventional acts). The author describes this interdependence as ‘constitutive’ because in this case intentional explanation plays a constitutive role for the identification of a conventional act. This can be expressed through the formula: ‘person P performed conventional act CA1’ only if ‘person P performed conventional act CA1 because person P was driven by the intention to perform conventional act CA1.’ The article analyses the logical and argumentative structure of the abovementioned correlation. On the basis of the analysis, the author claims that a constitutive correlation indicates that a relevant intention should be perceived as an element of the act itself (in contrast to the view adopted in the theory of conventional acts) and that verification rules relevant for the given act exist alongside the constitutive rules. Recognizing the relevant intention as an element of the conventional act stands in opposition to causalism, which treats intentions as the causes of actions.Artykuł dotyczy specyficznej współzależności między identyfikacją a intencjonalnym wyjaśnianiem czynności konwencjonalnych (w szczególności prawnie doniosłych czynności konwencjonalnych). Autor charakteryzuje tą współzależność jako „konstytutywną”, ponieważ odgrywa ona konstytutywną rolę przy identyfikacji danej czynności konwencjonalnej. Można wyrazić to formułą: „osoba O dokonała czynności konwencjonalnej CK1” tylko wtedy, gdy „osoba O dokonała czynności konwencjonalnej CK1, ponieważ osoba O kierowała się intencją dokonania czynności konwencjonalnej CK1”. W artykule analizowana jest logiczna i argumentacyjna struktura wskazanej współzależności. W świetle dokonanej analizy autor uznaje, że konstytutywna współzależność skłania do traktowania odpowiedniej intencji jako elementu samej czynności konwencjonalnej (w przeciwieństwie do poglądu przyjmowanego w teorii czynności konwencjonalnych) oraz postulowania istnienia, obok reguł konstytutywnych, właściwych dla danej czynności reguł weryfikacji. Uznanie odpowiedniej intencji za element czynności konwencjonalnej przemawia zaś przeciwko kauzalizmowi, traktującemu intencje jako przyczyny zachowań

Recent research on early farming in central Europe

Farming communities were established in many parts of central Europe Between approximately 5600 and 4500 BC. Although these communities have been studied for over a century, much more remains to be learned about them. This article will provide an overview of the history of this research, some important recent discoveries, and a sense of the ongoing debate about the origins of these agricultural communities.Kmetovalske skupnosti so v številnih delih osrednje Evrope nastale med približno 5600 in 4500 BC. Čeprav jih preučujemo že več kot stoletje, je naše znanje še vedno pomanjkljivo. V članku podajamo pregled zgodovine raziskav, nekatera pomembna novejša odkritja in na kratko pogledamo razpravo o izvoru teh kmetovalskih skupnosti

Modelling Potential Fluctuations in Double Layer Graphene Systems as a Periodic Oscillation in Electron Density & its Effect on Coulomb Drag

An expression for the drag transresistivity in a graphene double layer system exhibiting potential fluctuations modelled as a periodic oscillation in electron density is derived. Our model starts from the Coulombic interaction and we derive the correlation between a sinusoidal fluctuation in electron density in the first layer and the induced electron density in the second layer. Previous models in the literature have employed an arbitrary correlation between each layer’s electron density, and the model presented is the first attempt in the literature to explicitly derive this correlation. Recent experiments have found that the drag transresistivity in graphene double layers systems exhibit a sign change as the electron density in the first layer is increased from zero. Our model is able to reproduce this sign change, and is in agreement with experiment. As the amplitude of the fluctuations approaches zero, the model reproduces the result of the uniform case. The model qualitatively agrees with experimental results, but it needs to be further refined to more accurately take into account how electron density fluctuations actually occur in experimental samples

Cognitive, Mood, and Cardiovascular Reactivity and Recovery in Response to Sadness in Remitted Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder is marked by high rates of relapse and recurrence. Research has suggested that formerly depressed individuals exhibit dysphoric mood or dysfunctional beliefs that are similar to currently depressed individuals while in a dysphoric, but not euthymic, mood and these changes prospectively predict relapse and recurrence over time.While there is still disagreement as to whether dysfunctional thinking or dysphoric mood characterizes remitted depression, these changes appear to be mood state dependent, or undetectable until activated by sadness. These findings have led to the hypothesis that cardiovascular functioning may also be mood state dependent in remitted depression; however, this has not yet been adequately assessed. The few studies (Bylsma et al., 2015; Rottenberg et al., 2005b; Yaroslavsky et al., 2013, 2014) that have investigated cardiovascular reactivity in response to sadness in formerly depressed individuals have methodological issues. No studies have examined a wide range of cardiovascular measures to assess cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from a sad mood in an exclusively formerly depressed sample. The proposed study aimed to characterize cognitive, mood, and cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from a sad mood in individuals with a history of depression compared to healthy, never depressed individuals. Participants (N = 132) included formerly depressed and healthy control individuals. Following screening, participants completed self-report measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms and a structured clinical interview. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to an experimental paradigm condition. During the experimental paradigm, participants were connected to psychophysiological equipment, participated in a sad or neutral music and autobiographical recall mood induction, and completed self-report measures of dysfunctional thoughts and dysphoric mood pre- and post-mood induction. Results suggested that mood, rather than cognitive, reactivity in response to a transient sad mood is present in formerly depressed individuals. Additionally, results suggested that reduced heart period recovery, rather than reactivity, following the induction of a transient sad mood is present in formerly depressed individuals. Results indicated that formerly depressed individuals exhibit increased sadness and impaired heart period recovery in response to a transient sad mood, which may be potentially malleable risk factors for depressive relapse and recurrence

Augmented reality device for first response scenarios

A prototype of a wearable computer system is proposed and implemented using commercial off-shelf components. The system is designed to allow the user to access location-specific information about an environment, and to provide capability for user tracking. Areas of applicability include primarily first response scenarios, with possible applications in maintenance or construction of buildings and other structures. Necessary preparation of the target environment prior to system\u27s deployment is limited to noninvasive labeling using optical fiducial markers. The system relies on computational vision methods for registration of labels and user position. With the system the user has access to on-demand information relevant to a particular real-world location. Team collaboration is assisted by user tracking and real-time visualizations of team member positions within the environment. The user interface and display methods are inspired by Augmented Reality1 (AR) techniques, incorporating a video-see-through Head Mounted Display (HMD) and fingerbending sensor glove.*. 1Augmented reality (AR) is a field of computer research which deals with the combination of real world and computer generated data. At present, most AR research is concerned with the use of live video imagery which is digitally processed and augmented by the addition of computer generated graphics. Advanced research includes the use of motion tracking data, fiducial marker recognition using machine vision, and the construction of controlled environments containing any number of sensors and actuators. (Source: Wikipedia) *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation). The CD requires the following system requirements: Adobe Acrobat; Microsoft Office; Windows MediaPlayer or RealPlayer

Zespół Guillaina-Barrégo jako pierwsza manifestacja zespołu POEMS

POEMS syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder, characterized by the presence of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein and skin changes. The variety of clinical pictures and asynchronous manifestation of dominant features make diagnosis difficult. We report a case of a 42-year-old man with polyneuropathy who was initially negative for monoclonal protein and so Guillain-Barré syndrome was diagnosed. Other signs and symptoms, including monoclonal gammopathy, developed later in the course of the disease and finally POEMS syndrome was diagnosed.Zespół POEMS należy do rzadkich chorób układowych, charakteryzujących się występowaniem polineuropatii, organomegalii, endokrynopatii, obecnością białka monoklonalnego i zmian skórnych. Różnorodny obraz kliniczny oraz niewystępowanie głównych objawów w jednym czasie znacznie utrudniają i opóźniają diagnostykę. W pracy przedstawiono przypadek 42-letniego mężczyzny z obwodową polineuropatią, u którego początkowo nie stwierdzono obecności białka monoklonalnego i rozpoznano zespół Guillaina-Barrègo. Później ujawniły się inne objawy i ostatecznie rozpoznano zespół POEMS

„Slim, Smart and Happy?” Stigmatization of Obesity Among Preschool Children

Nowadays, the idea “the slimmer – the better” has gained such an enormous power in our culture that it significantly affects even the youngest members of modern society. For this reason, obesity is particularly traumatic for children and young people. It was decided to examine whether these important cultural changes also apply to the youngest members of today’s Polish society, moreover there is lack of studies of this problem in polish literature. Hence, the authors of this paper have focused on the question whether and how preschool children stigmatise obesity?The study was conducted on a group of 122 children with a three-silhouette technique, based on a method proposed by Tremblay et al. (2011). The results show that being classed as overweight means being perceived as lacking in physical and interpersonal attractiveness, so obesity appears to elicit a very strong negative stigma. The features of the slim body shape equal physical and interpersonal attractiveness (but only in the field of playing together)