3D Learning in anatomical and surgical education in relation to visual-spatial abilities

The aim of this thesis was to gain evidence-based insights to improve anatomical and surgical education by evaluating how various levels of visual-spatial abilities interacts with learning using stereoscopic 3D visualization technologyLUMC / Geneeskund

Water polution in Ukraine

An industrial country, Ukraine some of the most polluted water resource in Eastern Europe. The problem of water pollution is associated with increased consumption of water by industry, agriculture and public utilities, low government priority and defilement of water sources

Water polution in Ukraine

An industrial country, Ukraine some of the most polluted water resource in Eastern Europe. The problem of water pollution is associated with increased consumption of water by industry, agriculture and public utilities, low government priority and defilement of water sources

ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ВИРОБНИЦТВА БІОГАЗУ В АГРА-РНОМУ СЕКТОРІ

In conditions of the country's economy decline, the agrarian sector is the driving force behind the processes of economic stabilization. 17% of the country's GDP is created in agriculture, and agricultural products are exported at the amount of 17.9 billion dollars, representing 33.6% of all overseas incomes of the country, while the level of state support is rather low and amounts to only 1% of GDP.The increase in tariffs for the main energy sources leads to a constant increase in material costs for crop and livestock production. The average annual growth of material expenses for the 2014-2016 period constituted 7.8% for fuel and lubricant materials, 15.2%- for electricity, 6.4% -for fuel and energy. Thus, according to the actual data farmers should have profitability not lower than 25.4%, however they received a loss of UAH 1.2 bn.Under such conditions, it is necessary to mobilize own finances to form a raw material base and to introduce the use of alternative energy sources in agriculture.215904.6 thousand heads of cattle and poultry are concentrated in agriculture, only 54% of which - in agrarian enterprises. According to our estimates, the theoretical potential of biogas output got from animal waste was 1.75 billion m3 in 2016, while the potential level needed for energy purposes equals to 0.76 million tons. Moreover, according to experts, the possible energy potential of biogas is expected to increase to 2.38 million tons in 2050.According to the research, it has been established that the use of biogas has the following advantages over traditional fuels, namely: the use of biogas is attractive either because of lower cost or due to economic incentives; if farmers can not get permission (license) for the supply of electricity obtained from biogas to the general power grid according to the "green tariff", they use this energy for their own economic purposes; the construction of new biogas and bio-methane plants receives investment grants from 20 to 30% of the total volume of investments; the chemical composition  of biogas is similar to that of natural gas, which makes it possible to sell it to the gas distribution network, while enriching it by bio-methane and using as gaseous fuel; to use waste received as a result of biogas obtaining as enriched organic fertilizers for the needs of plant growing; the use of livestock waste for the production of biogas reduces the burden on the environment and the cost of utilizing such waste.В сельском хозяйстве сосредоточено 215904,6 тыс гол скота и птицы, из которых только 54% в аграрных предприятиях. Теоретический потенциал выхода биогаза из отходов животноводства, по нашим подсчетам, составил в 2016 г. 1,75 млрд м3, потенциал же доступный к использованию в энергетических целях равнялся 0,76 т н.э. Причем согласно приведенных данных специалистов энергетический потенциал биогаза возрастет до 2,38 т н.э. в 2050 г.Согласно проведенных исследований установлено, что использование биогаза имеет следующие преимущества перед традиционными видами топлива, а именно: использование биогаза является привлекательным или через меньшую стоимость, или через экономические стимулы; если аграрии не могут получить разрешение (лицензию) на поставку электроэнергии произведенной из биогаза в общую электросеть по «зеленому тарифу», они используют его на собственные хозяйственные цели; строительство новых биогазовых и биометанових заводов получает инвестиционные гранты от 20 до 30% общей стоимости инвестиций; биогаз по химическому составу аналогичен составу природного газа, что дает возможность сбывать его в газораспределительную сеть; обогащая его до биометана и используя как газомоторное топливо; использовать отходы, образованные в результате получения биогаза, в качестве обогащенных органических удобрений для нужд растениеводства; использования животноводческих отходов для производства биогаза снижает нагрузку на экологию и затраты на утилизацию таких отходов.В умовах занепаду економіки країни, аграрний сектор виступає рушійною силою процесів економічної стабілізації. В аграрному секторі створюється 17% усього ВВП країни, експортується аграрної продукції на суму 17,9 млрд дол., що становить 33,6% усією валютних надходжень у країну, при цьому рівень державної підтримки є доволі низьким й становить усього 1% ВВП.Зростання тарифів на основні енергоносії призводить до постійного зростання матеріальних витрат на продукцію рослинництва й тваринництва. Середньорічне зростання матеріальних витрат за 2014-2016 рр. становило на пально-мастильні матеріали 7,8%, на електроенергію 15,2%, паливо та енергію 6,4%. Таким чином, аграрії повинні отримувати рівень рентабельності не нижче 25,4%, за фактичними ж даними отримали збиток у розмірі 1,2 млрд. грн.За таких умов потрібно мобілізовувати власні фінанси з метою формування сировинної бази та впровадження альтернативних джерел енергії у сільському господарстві.У сільському господарстві зосереджено 215904,6 тис гол худоби та птиці, з яких тільки 54% в аграрних підприємствах. Теоретичний потенціал виходу біогазу з відходів тваринництва, за нашими підрахунками, становив у 2016 р. 1,75 млрд м3, потенціал ж доступний до використання в енергетичних цілях дорівнює 0,76 млн т н.е. При чому згідно приведених даних фахівців можливий енергетичний потенціал біогазу зросте до 2,38 млн т н.е. у 2050 р.Згідно проведених досліджень встановлено, що використання біогазу має наступні переваги перед традиційними видами палива, а саме: використання біогазу є привабливим або через меншу вартість, або через економічні стимули; якщо аграрії не можуть отримати дозвіл (ліцензію) на постачання електроенергії виробленого з біогазу у загальну електромережу за «зеленим тарифом», вона використовує його на власні господарські цілі; будівництво нових біогазових та біометанових заводів отримує інвестиційні гранти від 20 до 30% загальної вартості інвестицій; біогаз за хімічним складом аналогічний складу природного газу, що дає можливість збувати його у газорозподільну мережу; збагачуючи його до біометану та використовуючи як газоподібне паливо; використовувати відходи, отримувані у результаті отримання біогазу, у якості збагачених органічних добрив для потреб рослинництва; використання тваринницьких відходів для виробництва біогазу знижує навантаження на екологію та витрати на утилізацію таких відходів

Consideration of nutritional value and food labels are associated with food intake in adults with depression

Background/Aims: Individuals with depression are more likely to consume poor diets and as a result are at increased risk of poor cardiometabolic health. Healthy diet may reduce depressive symptoms, however better understanding is needed of factors that support healthy eating in this population. There is limited evidence about how much consideration of the nutritional value of foods may be associated with food choices. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between food intake and consideration of nutritional value of foods in adults with depression. Methods: Adults (n = 161) with depression completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and shopping and budgeting questionnaire. Associations between consideration of nutritional value and nutrition label use with vegetable, wholegrain, legume, snack food and soft drink intake were evaluated using linear regression, adjusting for age, gender and education. Results: In adjusted models, more consideration of the nutrition value of foods was positively associated with vegetable intake (β = 0.188; p = 0.025), wholegrain intake (β = 0.213; p = 0.015) and negatively associated with snack food intake (β = -0.236, p = 0.006). More frequent reading of nutrition labels was positively associated with legume intake (β = 0.185; p = 0.036). Better understanding of nutrition labels was positively associated with vegetable intake (β = 0.780; p = 0.035), wholegrain intake (β = 0.233; p = 0.008), and legume intake (β = 0.254; p = 0.004). There were no associations between soft drink intake and nutrition value consideration or nutrition label use. Conclusions: These findings suggest that increasing consideration of the nutrition value of foods and nutrition label use may support healthy eating in adults with depression

Organizational and management mechanism for reforming agricultural organizations based on cooperation and integration of economic systems

In the agricultural sector of Russia, a high proportion of insolvent organizations is currently maintained. Ensuring food independence of the country, the availability of high-quality and affordable food for the population are the main objectives of the development of the domestic agricultural sector. In agriculture, there is growing interest in the formation of universal approaches to the procedure for managing economic entities. The reform of insolvent agricultural producers based on the development of cooperation and integration processes by absorbing economically weak farms by successful agribusiness organizations is one of the methods to achieve these goals. The subject of the research is the methodology and management practice of reforming domestic agricultural organizations based on cooperation and integration of economic systems. Theoretical research and practical material is based on the results of economic activity and the experience of reforming in economic entities. Systemic and process approaches, statistical and economic methods were used mainly in obtaining research results.The purpose and objective of the study is the introduction of progressive methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of reforming economic entities. The paper presents the conditions and factors, the organizational and managerial mechanism, methods and practical experience in implementing the reform process of insolvent agricultural organizations, as well as an assessment of the production and economic efficiency of reforming on the materials of the agricultural organization. The results of the study confirm the need to replicate the methodology and experience of reforming agricultural organizations through cooperation and integration of economic entities with the provision of state support in all its existing forms for this process. In particular, we propose the formation and legislative consolidation of a system of competitive reform of insolvent agricultural organizations

Internal nanoparticle structure of temperature-responsive self-assembled PNIPAM-b-PEG-b-PNIPAM triblock copolymers in aqueous solutions: NMR, SANS and light scattering studies

In this study we report detailed information on the internal structure of PNIPAM-b-PEG-b-PNIPAM nanoparticles formed from self-assembly in aqueous solutions upon increase in temperature. NMR spectroscopy, light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) were used to monitor different stages of nanoparticle formation as a function of temperature, providing insight into the fundamental processes involved. The presence of PEG in a copolymer structure significantly affects the formation of nanoparticles, making their transition to occur over a broader temperature range. The crucial parameter that controls the transition is the ratio of PEG/PNIPAM. For pure PNIPAM, the transition is sharp; the higher the PEG/PNIPAM ratio results in a broader transition. This behavior is explained by different mechanisms of PNIPAM block incorporation during nanoparticle formation at different PEG/PNIPAM ratios. Contrast variation experiments using SANS show that the structure of nanoparticles above cloud point temperatures for PNIPAM-b-PEG-b-PNIPAM copolymers is drastically different from the structure of PNIPAM mesoglobules. In contrast with pure PNIPAM mesoglobules, where solid-like particles and chain network with a mesh size of 1-3 nm are present; nanoparticles formed from PNIPAM-b-PEG-b-PNIPAM copolymers have non-uniform structure with “frozen” areas interconnected by single chains in Gaussian conformation. SANS data with deuterated “invisible” PEG blocks imply that PEG is uniformly distributed inside of a nanoparticle. It is kinetically flexible PEG blocks which affect the nanoparticle formation by prevention of PNIPAM microphase separation

Stereoscopic three-dimensional visualisation technology in anatomy learning: A meta-analysis

Objectives: The features that contribute to the apparent effectiveness of three-dimensional visualisation technology [3DVT] in teaching anatomy are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of stereopsis in learning anatomy with 3DVT. Methods: The review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA Standards. Literature search of English articles was performed using EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL EBSCOhost, ERIC EBSCOhost, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases until November 2019. Study selection, data extraction and study appraisal were performed independently by two authors. Articles were assessed for methodological quality using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias. For quantitative analysis, studies were grouped based on relative between-intervention differences in instructional methods and type of control conditions. Results: A total of 3934 citations were obtained of which 67 underwent a full-text review. Ultimately, 13 randomised controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. When interactive, stereoscopic 3D models were compared to interactive, monoscopic 3D models within a single level of instructional design, for example isolating stereopsis as the only true manipulated element in the experimental design, an effect size [ES] of 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26-0.80; P <.00001) was found. In comparison with 2D images within multiple levels of instructional design, an effect size of 0.45 (95% CI 0.10-0.81; P <.002) was found. Stereopsis had no effect on learning when utilised with non-interactive 3D images (ES = −0.87, 95% CI −2.09-0.35; P =.16). Conclusion: Stereopsis is an important distinguishing element of 3DVT that has a significant positive effect on acquisition of anatomical knowledge when utilised within an interactive 3D environment. A distinction between stereoscopic and monoscopic 3DVT is essential to make in anatomical education and research

The effect of stereoscopic Augmented Reality visualization on learning anatomy and the modifying effect of visual-spatial abilities: a double-center randomized controlled trial

Health and self-regulatio