Nuclear Level Densities in the Constant-Spacing Model

A new method to calculate level densities for non-interacting Fermions within the constant-spacing model with a finite number of states is developed. We show that asymptotically (for large numbers of particles or holes) the densities have Gaussian form. We improve on the Gaussian distribution by using analytical expressions for moments higher than the second. Comparison with numerical results shows that the resulting sixth-moment approximation is excellent except near the boundaries of the spectra and works globally for all particle/hole numbers and all excitation energies.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures; v2 updated to the published version - extended the motivation; results unchange

Particle-hole state densities with non-equidistant single-particle levels

The correct use of energy-dependent single-particle level (s.p.l.) densities within particle-hole state densities based on the equidistant spacing model (ESM) is analysed. First, an analytical expression is obtained following the convolution of energy-dependent excited-particle and hole densities. Next, a comparison is made with results of the ESM formula using average s.p.l. densities for the excited particles and holes, respectively. The Fermi-gas model (FGM) s.p.l. densities calculated at the corresponding average excitation energies are used in both cases. The analysis concerns also the density of particle-hole bound states. The pairing correlations are taken into account while the comparison of various effects includes the exact correction for the Pauli exclusion principle. Quantum-mechanical s.p.l. densities and the continuum effect can also match a corresponding FGM formula, suitable for use within the average energy-dependent partial state density in multistep reaction models.Comment: 29 pages, ReVTeX, 11 postscript figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.

Fast-neutron induced pre-equilibrium reactions on 55Mn and 63,65Cu at energies up to 40 MeV

Excitation functions were measured for the $^{55}$Mn(n,2n)$^{54}$Mn, $^{55}$Mn(n,$\alpha$)$^{52}$V, $^{63}$Cu(n,$\alpha$)$^{60}$Co, $^{65}$Cu(n,2n)$^{64}$Cu, and $^{65}$Cu(n,p)$^{65}$Ni reactions from 13.47 to 14.83 MeV. The experimental cross sections are compared with the results of calculations including all activation channels for the stable isotopes of Mn and Cu, for neutron incident energies up to 50 MeV. Within the energy range up to 20 MeV the model calculations are most sensitive to the parameters related to nuclei in the early stages of the reaction, while the model assumptions are better established by analysis of the data in the energy range 20-40 MeV. While the present analysis has taken advantage of both a new set of accurate measured cross sections around 14 MeV and the larger data basis fortunately available between 20 and 40 MeV for the Mn and Cu isotopes, the need of additional measurements below as well as above 40 MeV is pointed out. Keywords: 55Mn, 63,65Cu, E$\leq$40 MeV, Neutron activation cross section measurements, Nuclear reactions, Model calculations, Manganese, CopperComment: 39 pages, 12 figure

Teorias de potência conservativa e instantânea: análise comparativa

Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta um estudo comparativo entre a Teoria de Potências Instantâneas (Teoria pq) e a Teoria de Potência Conservativa (CPT), das quais serão mostrados resultados de análises para circuitos trifásicos com três ou quatro condutores (3F e 3F - N), com tensões senoidais e não senoidais, equilibradas e desiquilibradas, com e sem impedância de linha para diferentes tipos de cargas (lineares e não lineares). A CPT decompõe as correntes de fase em parcelas ativas, reativas e residuais, sendo que em circuitos trifásicos estas podem ainda ser separadas em parcelas balanceadas e desbalanceadas, de forma a representar os desbalanços da carga. As não lineares da carga são representadas pela CPT através das correntes residuais. No caso da Teoria pq, as correntes de fase são decompostas em correntes ativas, reativas e de sequência zero, sendo ainda que tais parcelas podem ser decompostas em parcelas médias e oscilantes. As parcelas oscilantes representam os desbalanços e as não linearidades do circuito. Ou seja, a Teoria pq não separa tais distúrbios (desbalanços e não linearidades) em parcelas distintas de correntes. Apesar das teorias serem bastante distintas em suas formulações, a ideia central é realizar um estudo comparativo entre as parcelas de correntes e suas respectivas parcelas de potência, a fim de mostrar as similiaridades e divergências na caracterização dos fenômenos físicos dos circuitos, bem como na compensação de correntes que não contribuem para a transferência de energia útil entre fontes e cargas, as quais podem ser eliminadas ou minimizadas através de condicionadores eletrônicos em paralelo com as cargas. Neste trabalho, a avaliação das teorias para compensação de distúrbios de corrente será feita levando-se em consideração fontes de corrente ideiais, operando como filtros ativos de potência, o que elimina o feito de eventuais imperfeições de controle...This dissertation shows a comparative study between the Conservative Power Theory (CPT) and the Instantaneous Power Theory (pq Theory). Different configurations of linear and non-linear loads and different voltage conditions will be considered, assuming three-phase circuits with 3 and 4 wires, with or without line impedance. The CPT separates the phase currents into active, reactive and void portions, and in case of three-phase circuits, the active and reactive currents can also be splited into balanced and unbalanced portions to represent the load unbalances. The circuit nonlinearities are represented by CPT through the void current term. In pq theory, the phase currents are separated into active, reactive and zero sequence currents and these portions can also be divided into constant and oscillating portions. The oscillating portions represent imbalance and harmonics on the system. In order words, the pq theory does not separate the imbalances and harmonics in individual current portions. Although these theories are quite distinct in their formulations, the central idea is to make a comparative study between the current portions and their respective portions of power, in order to show the similarities and divergences between them in terms of characterization of the physical phenomena and in terms of disturbing current compensation. In case of current compensation, ideal current sources will be applied in order to evaluate the compensation results using different current reference from CPT and pq theories. This should minimize the influences of control limitations on the analysis of the compensation efficiency under each compensation strategy. The simulation results indicate that both theories can be considered equivalents for circuit analysis or current compensation, as long as the supply voltages are not significantly distorted and/or assymetrica