Ситуационный анализ рынка грузовых перевозок и перспективы его развития

The relevance of conducting a situational analysis of the cargo transportation market is based on its overall strategic importance in the context of economic development of the Russian Federation. Namely, being actively involved in both domestic and foreign economic activity, cargo transportation is a key one in the supply of goods, resources, food, and other cargo.Such an analysis is of particular interest regarding the immediate pandemic and consequent period. It offers an opportunity to draw certain conclusions on change in quantitative indices (the total number of cargo transportation carried out decreased that somewhat complicated the situation of a number of business entities) as well as, to a certain extent, on adaptation of the tools of situational analysis to situations rather strongly influenced by unusual factors.The subject of study described in the article is the process of conducting a situational analysis of the cargo transportation market to identify the main patterns for road, rail, and sea transportation. Besides, the data obtained through the analysis are the basis for making basic forecasts for the future state of the entire cargo transportation sector.The study involved in its context methods of analysis and synthesis of economic and statistical sources of information; at the same time, the author relied also on several empirical research methods and a SWOT analysis.The results of the current study are ambiguous: on the one hand, one can observe overall development of the industry from the position of changing the structure composition of the market of cargo transportation, as well as note its sustainability relative to other areas. At the same time, the analysis of the state of cargo transportation that took shape during the pandemics can be considered as dependent to great extent on further impact of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the entire economy. It is nevertheless important that the cargo transportation has shown high adaptation ability regarding tuning of the activity under the conditions of fast changes in external economic environment and market situation.Актуальность проведения ситуационного анализа рынка грузовых перевозок заключается в их общей стратегической значимости в контексте экономического развития Российской Федерации. В частности, выступая в качестве активного участника экономической деятельности, в том числе и внешнеэкономической, сфера грузоперевозок является ключевой в осуществлении поставок товаров, ресурсов, продовольствия и иных грузов.Вместе с тем, представляет особый интерес такой анализ в отношении непосредственно периода и последствий пандемии. Он даёт возможность не только сделать выводы об изменении количественных показателей (общее количество осуществляемых грузоперевозок снизилось, что несколько осложнило положение ряда хозяйствующих субъектов), но и в определённой мере рассмотреть адаптацию инструментов ситуационного анализа для ситуаций с достаточно сильным влиянием нетипичных факторов.Предметом изучения в данной статье выступает процесс ситуационного анализа рынка грузовых перевозок с целью выявления основных закономерностей в сфере автомобильного, железнодорожного и морского транспорта. Кроме того, полученные посредством анализа данные являются основой для составления основных прогнозов дальнейшего состояния всей отрасли грузоперевозок.В контексте исследования были задействованы методы анализа и синтеза экономических и статистических источников информации; в то же время автор опирался на ряд эмпирических методов исследования и проведение SWOT-анализа.Результаты текущего исследования имеют неоднозначный характер – с одной стороны, можно наблюдать общее развитие отрасли с позиции изменения состава рынка, а также её устойчивость относительно других сфер. В то же время анализ сложившегося в период пандемии состояния грузоперевозок можно считать в большой степени зависящим от дальнейшего влияния последствий пандемии COVID-19 для экономики в целом. Важно, однако что отрасль продемонстрировала высокую адаптационную способность к перенастройке деятельности в условиях быстрого изменения внешнего экономического фона и конъюнктуры рынка

Optical properties of bialkali photocathodes

The optical properties of the `bialkali' KCsSb and RbCsSb photomultiplier cathodes have been experimentally investigated in the visible range. The measurements carried out include the absolute reflectance at near-normal incidence, the polarization-dependent relative reflectance at various angles and the change in polarization upon reflection from the photocathode. These experimental inputs have been combined with a theoretical model to determine the complex refractive index of the photocathodes in the wavelength range 380 to 680 nm and their thickness. As a result of this work, we derive a model which predicts the fraction of light impinging on a photomultiplier tube that is reflected, absorbed or transmitted, as a function of wavelength and angle, and dependent on the medium to which the photomultiplier is coupled.Comment: 51 pages (double spacing), 16 figures, submitted for publication in NIM

Elastic Convection in Vibrated Viscoplastic Fluids

We observe a new type of behavior in a shear thinning yield stress fluid: freestanding convection rolls driven by vertical oscillation. The convection occurs without the constraint of container boundaries yet the diameter of the rolls is spontaneously selected for a wide range of parameters. The transition to the convecting state occurs without hysteresis when the amplitude of the plate acceleration exceeds a critical value. We find that a non-dimensional stress, the stress due to the inertia of the fluid normalized by the yield stress, governs the onset of the convective motion.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure

The South Australian Heat Flow Anomaly in east Antarctica: hot rocks in a cool place.

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第32回極域地学シンポジウム 11月30日（金） 統計数理研究所 ３階セミナー

The [4+2]‐Cycloaddition of α‐Nitrosoalkenes with Thiochalcones as a Prototype of Periselective Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions—Experimental and Computational Studies

The [4+2]‐cycloadditions of α‐nitrosoalkenes with thiochalcones occur with high selectivity at the thioketone moiety of the dienophile providing styryl‐substituted 4H‐1,5,2‐oxathiazines in moderate to good yields. Of the eight conceivable hetero‐Diels–Alder adducts only this isomer was observed, thus a prototype of a highly periselective and regioselective cycloaddition has been identified. Analysis of crude product mixtures revealed that the α‐nitrosoalkene also adds competitively to the thioketone moiety of the thiochalcone dimer affording bis‐heterocyclic [4+2]‐cycloadducts. The experiments are supported by high‐level DFT calculations that were also extended to related hetero‐Diels–Alder reactions of other nitroso compounds and thioketones. These calculations reveal that the title cycloadditions are kinetically controlled processes confirming the role of thioketones as superdienophiles. The computational study was also applied to the experimentally studied thiochalcone dimerization, and showed that the 1,2‐dithiin and 2H‐thiopyran isomers are in equilibrium with the monomer. Again, the DFT calculations indicate kinetic control of this process

The Journal of the Center for Interdisciplinary Teaching and Learning

IMPACT: The Journal of the Center for Interdisciplinary Teaching & Learning is a peer-reviewed, biannual online journal that publishes scholarly and creative non-fiction essays about the theory, practice and assessment of interdisciplinary education. Impact is produced by the Center for Interdisciplinary Teaching & Learning at the College of General Studies, Boston University (www.bu.edu/cgs/citl).How do our students learn what it means to be a human being, with all the attendant responsibilities and joys? How do we learn to teach in a truly interdisciplinary manner? These are some of the questions that preoccupy this issue’s contributors

Novel Technique for Ultra-sensitive Determination of Trace Elements in Organic Scintillators

A technique based on neutron activation has been developed for an extremely high sensitivity analysis of trace elements in organic materials. Organic materials are sealed in plastic or high purity quartz and irradiated at the HFIR and MITR. The most volatile materials such as liquid scintillator (LS) are first preconcentrated by clean vacuum evaporation. Activities of interest are separated from side activities by acid digestion and ion exchange. The technique has been applied to study the liquid scintillator used in the KamLAND neutrino experiment. Detection limits of <2.4X10**-15 g 40K/g LS, <5.5X10**-15 g Th/g LS, and <8X10**-15 g U/g LS have been achieved.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods

The Isotopic Composition of Strontium in Fossils from the Kendrick Shale, Kentucky

Author Institution: Department of Geology and Mineralogy, The Ohio State UniversityNine analyses of the isotopic composition of strontium in the carbonate shells of marine fossils from the Kendrick Shale (Lower Pennsylvanian) of Kentucky indicate an average 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7086^O.OOOSS at the 95 percent confidence limit. This value is in satisfactory agreement with previous measurements by Peterman et al. (1970) and confirms that strontium in the oceans during Early Pennsylvanian time was anomalously enriched in radiogenic 87Sr, compared to that in earlier and later periods. The isotopic composition of strontium in skeletal clacium carbonate of cephalopods, gastropods, and brachiopods from the Kendrick Shale appears to be the same in spite of the different feeding habits of these animals

A Unified Monte Carlo Treatment of Gas-Grain Chemistry for Large Reaction Networks. I. Testing Validity of Rate Equations in Molecular Clouds

In this study we demonstrate for the first time that the unified Monte Carlo approach can be applied to model gas-grain chemistry in large reaction networks. Specifically, we build a time-dependent gas-grain chemical model of the interstellar medium, involving about 6000 gas-phase and 200 grain surface reactions. This model is used to test the validity of the standard and modified rate equation methods in models of dense and translucent molecular clouds and to specify under which conditions the use of the stochastic approach is desirable. We found that at temperatures 25--30 K gas-phase abundances of H$_2$O, NH$_3$, CO and many other gas-phase and surface species in the stochastic model differ from those in the deterministic models by more than an order of magnitude, at least, when tunneling is accounted for and/or diffusion energies are 3x lower than the binding energies. In this case, surface reactions, involving light species, proceed faster than accretion of the same species. In contrast, in the model without tunneling and with high binding energies, when the typical timescale of a surface recombination is greater than the timescale of accretion onto the grain, we obtain almost perfect agreement between results of Monte Carlo and deterministic calculations in the same temperature range. At lower temperatures ($\sim10$ K) gaseous and, in particular, surface abundances of most important molecules are not much affected by stochastic processes.Comment: 33 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Ap

The Role of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease

Endothelium plays a crucial role in the maintenance of vascular tone and structure. Endothelial dysfunction is known to precede overt coronary artery disease. A number of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as metabolic diseases and systemic or local inflammation cause endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major endothelium derived vaso-active substances whose role is of prime importance in maintaining endothelial homeostasis. Low levels of NO are associated with impaired endothelial function. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an analogue of L-arginine, is a naturally occurring product of metabolism found in human circulation. Elevated levels of ADMA inhibit NO synthesis and therefore impair endothelial function and thus promote atherosclerosis. ADMA levels are increased in people with hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic heart failure, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure. A number of studies have reported ADMA as a novel risk marker of cardiovascular disease. Increased levels of ADMA have been shown to be the strongest risk predictor, beyond traditional risk factors, of cardiovascular events and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with coronary artery disease. Interventions such as treatment with L-arginine have been shown to improve endothelium-mediated vasodilatation in people with high ADMA levels. However the clinical utility of modifying circulating ADMA levels remains uncertain