Grossesse intra murale à propos d’un cas

La grossesse intra-murale est la variété la plus rare de grossesse extra-utérine. Il s'agit de la localisation de l'oeuf dans l'épaisseur du myomètre. En cas de retard diagnostic, l'évolution peut être catastrophique avec rupture utérine et hémorragie cataclysmique. L'échographie permet dans certains cas un diagnostic pré opératoire. Les auteurs rapportent un cas survenu chez une patiente aux antécédents de curetage

Apport de l’échographie dans les traumatismes oculaires à Parakou (Bénin)

Introduction: Décrire l’apport de l’échographie réalisée avec un appareil polyvalent dans les traumatismes oculaires. Méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude prospective descriptive réalisée du 01 février au 01 aout 2010 dans le service d’imagerie médicale du CHD Borgou. Trente deux (32) patients présentant un traumatisme oculaire avec baisse de l’acuité visuelle ont bénéficié d’une échographie oculaire réalisée grâce à un échographe polyvalent. Résultats: L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 29,40 ans (extrêmes 1 et 68 ans). Le sexe ratio (H/F) était de 1,67.Sur 39 yeux traumatisés, l’il droit était atteint dans 22 cas (56,4%), et l’il gauche dans 17 (43,6%) cas. Les contusions ont constitué la variété anatomo-clinique la plus fréquente : 32 cas (82%). Les différentes lésions observées étaient : une hémorragie isolée du vitré 13 cas (33,3%), un décollement rétinien 6 cas (15,4%), un décollement choroïdien 6 cas (15,4%), un décollement postérieur du vitré 5 cas (12,8%), une cataracte 5 cas (12,8%) et une luxation postérieure du cristallin dans 3 cas (7,7%). Conclusion: L’échographie oculaire même réalisée avec un appareil polyvalent permet un bilan lésionnel satisfaisant des traumatismes oculaires.Key words: Traumatisme oculaire, échographie, hémorragie vitréenne, décollement de la rétin

The effects of the initial mass function on Galactic chemical enrichment

Context. We have been seeing mounting evidence that the stellar initial mass function (IMF) might extend far beyond the canonical Mi ∼ 100 M⊙ limit, but the impact of such a hypothesis on the chemical enrichment of galaxies is yet to be clarified. Aims. We aim to address this question by analysing the observed abundances of thin- and thick-disc stars in the Milky Way with chemical evolution models that account for the contribution of very massive stars dying as pair instability supernovae. Methods. We built new sets of chemical yields from massive and very massive stars up to Mi ∼ 350 M⊙ by combining the wind ejecta extracted from our hydrostatic stellar evolution models with explosion ejecta from the literature. Using a simple chemical evolution code, we analysed the effects of adopting different yield tables by comparing predictions against observations of stars in the solar vicinity. Results. After several tests, we set our focus on the [O/Fe] ratio that best separates the chemical patterns of the two Milky Way components. We find that with a standard IMF, truncated at Mi ∼ 100 M⊙, we can reproduce various observational constraints for thin-disc stars; however, the same IMF fails to account for the [O/Fe] ratios of thick-disc stars. The best results are obtained by extending the IMF up to Mi = 350 M⊙, while including the chemical ejecta of very massive stars in the form of winds and pair instability supernova (PISN) explosions. Conclusions. Our study indicates that PISN may have played a significant role in shaping the chemical evolution of the thick disc of the Milky Way. Including their chemical yields makes it easier to reproduce not only the level of the α-enhancement, but also the observed slope of thick-disc stars in the [O/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] diagram. The bottom line is that the contribution of very massive stars to the chemical enrichment of galaxies is potentially quite important and should not be neglected in models of chemical evolution

The Way of Water: ALMA resolves H2O emission lines in a strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxy at z ∼\sim 3.1

We report ALMA high-resolution observations of water emission lines $p-{\rm{H_2O}} (2_{02}-1_{11}$), $o-{\rm{H_2O}} (3_{21}-3_{12})$, $p-{\rm{H_2O}} (4_{22}-4_{13})$, in the strongly lensed galaxy HATLASJ113526.2-01460 at redshift z $\sim$ 3.1. From the lensing-reconstructed maps of water emission and line profiles, we infer the general physical properties of the ISM in the molecular clouds where the lines arise. We find that the water vapor lines $o-{\rm{H_2O}} (3_{21}-3_{12})$, $p-{\rm{H_2O}} (4_{22}-4_{13})$ are mainly excited by FIR pumping from dust radiation in a warm and dense environment, with dust temperatures ranging from 70 K to $\sim 100$ K, as suggested by the line ratios. The $p-{\rm{H_2O}} (2_{02}-1_{11})$ line instead, is excited by a complex interplay between FIR pumping and collisional excitation in the dense core of the star-forming region. This scenario is also supported by the detection of the medium-level excitation of CO resulting in the line emission CO (J=8-7). Thanks to the unprecedented high resolution offered by the combination of ALMA capabilities and gravitational lensing, we discern the different phases of the ISM and locate the hot molecular clouds into a physical scale of $\sim$ 500 pc. We discuss the possibility of J1135 hosting an AGN in its accretion phase. Finally, we determine the relation between the water emission lines and the total IR luminosity of J1135, as well as the SFR as a function of water emission intensities, comparing the outcomes to local and high-$z$ galactic samples from the literature.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures, to be published in Astrophysical Journa

The evolution of compact massive quiescent and star-forming galaxies derived from the Re–Rh and Mstar–Mh relations

The mean size (effective radius Re) of massive galaxies (MGs; Mstar > 1011.2M⊙) is observed to increase steadily with cosmic time. It is still unclear whether this trend originates from the size growth of individual galaxies (via, e.g. mergers and/or AGN feedback) or from the inclusion of larger galaxies entering the selection at later epochs (progenitor bias). We here build a data-driven, flexible theoretical framework to probe the structural evolution of MGs. We assign galaxies to dark matter haloes via stellar mass–halo mass (SMHM) relations with varying high-mass slopes and scatters σSMHM in stellar mass at fixed halo mass, and assign sizes to galaxies using an empirically motivated, constant and linear relationship between Re and the host dark matter halo radius Rh. We find that (1) the fast mean size growth of MGs is well reproduced independently of the shape of the input SMHM relation; (2) the numbers of compact MGs grow steadily until z ≳ 2 and fall off at lower redshifts, suggesting a lesser role of progenitor bias at later epochs; (3) a time-independent scatter σSMHM is consistent with a scenario in which compact star-forming MGs transition into quiescent MGs in a few 108 yr with a negligible structural evolution during the compact phase, while a scatter increasing at high redshift implies significant size growth during the star-forming phase. A robust measurement of the size function of MGs at high redshift can set strong constraints on the scatter of the SMHM relation and, by extension, on models of galaxy evolution

Einstein, Planck and Vera Rubin: Relevant Encounters Between the Cosmological and the Quantum Worlds

In Cosmology and in Fundamental Physics there is a crucial question like: where the elusive substance that we call Dark Matter is hidden in the Universe and what is it made of? that, even after 40 years from the Vera Rubin seminal discovery [1] does not have a proper answer. Actually, the more we have investigated, the more this issue has become strongly entangled with aspects that go beyond the established Quantum Physics, the Standard Model of Elementary particles and the General Relativity and related to processes like the Inflation, the accelerated expansion of the Universe and High Energy Phenomena around compact objects. Even Quantum Gravity and very exotic Dark Matter particle candidates may play a role in framing the Dark Matter mystery that seems to be accomplice of new unknown Physics. Observations and experiments have clearly indicated that the above phenomenon cannot be considered as already theoretically framed, as hoped for decades. The Special Topic to which this review belongs wants to penetrate this newly realized mystery from different angles, including that of a contamination of different fields of Physics apparently unrelated. We show with the works of this ST that this contamination is able to guide us into the required new Physics. This review wants to provide a good number of these \u201cpaths or contamination\u201d beyond/among the three worlds above; in most of the cases, the results presented here open a direct link with the multi-scale dark matter phenomenon, enlightening some of its important aspects. Also in the remaining cases, possible interesting contacts emerges. Finally, a very complete and accurate bibliography is provided to help the reader in navigating all these issues

Etude Irm Des Sequelles Lesionnelles Post - Traumatisme Cranien

Introduction Dans les pays industrialisés les déficiences cérébrales sont souvent dues aux séquelles des traumatismes crâniens. L\'IRM est une technique d\'imagerie cérébrale pouvant préciser les types de lésions à long terme. Matériel et Méthode Dans une étude rétrospective, en 2003 et 2004, nous avons analysé 75 dossiers d\'expertise post - traumatique à l\'Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). Les séquelles cérébrales ont été explorées à l\'IRM . Ont été exclus les patients qui ont subi une intervention chirurgicale cérébrale. Résultats 75 cas de traumatisés cérébraux ont été répertoriés ; 64,4% sont de sexe masculin, l\'âge moyen était de 35 ans (7 à 80 ans) ; 40 cas avait une lésion séquellaire cérébrale. Les lésions axonales diffuses ont été retrouvées dans 11 cas dont 5 cas en région péricalleuse, 2 cas avaient une atteinte des pédoncules cérébelleux. La plupart de ces lésions étaient situées dans l\'interface substance blanche/substance grise. Des lésions focales de la base du cerveau étaient observées dans 10 cas. Les séquelles cortico-sous corticales étaient les plus fréquentes, 26 cas . L\'hémosidérine est un indicateur à long terme de l\'atteinte cérébrale. Conclusion Nous concluons que l\'IRM est une excellente technique pour étudier les séquelles cérébrales traumatiques et permet d\'établir leur pronostic. Background Disabilities are frequent in western countries and may be due to cerebral traumatic sequella. MRI with high resolution is an excellent technique to visualise cerebral sequella. Materials and Method In a retrospective study, we reviewed 75 cases of traumatic sequella at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), in 2003 and 2004 explorated with MRI. We excluded patients who underwent cerebral surgery. Results Focal sequellea cortical and cortico-sub cortical are most frequent, 26 patients. Hemosiderin and encephalomalacia atrophy are common signs. Diffuse Axonal Injury were found in 11 cases, focal sequella of brain sterm in 10 cases. Conclusion We concluded that RMI is an excellent technic of imaging cerebral sequella. Keywords: Brain trauma, Head injuries, Head trauma, Cerebral sequella, MRI.African Journal of Neurological Sciences Vol. 25 (1) 2006: pp. 12-2

A high figure of merit vibrational energy harvester for low frequency applications

Small-scale vibration energy harvesters that respond efficiently at low frequencies are challenging to realize. This paper describes the design and implementation of one such harvester, which achieves a high volumetric Figure of Merit (FoM(v) = 2.6% at 11.50Hz) at the scale of a C-type battery and outperforms other state-of-the-art devices in the sub 20 Hz frequency range. The device employs a 2 Degree-of-Freedom velocity-amplified approach and electromagnetic transduction. The harvester comprises two masses oscillating one inside the other, between four sets of magnetic springs. Collisions between the two masses transfer momentum from the heavier to the lighter mass, exploiting velocity amplification. The paper first presents guidelines for designing and optimizing the transduction mechanism, before a nonlinear numerical model for the system dynamics is developed. Experimental characterisation of the harvester design is then presented to validate both the transducer optimization and the dynamics model. The resulting high FoM(V) demonstrates the effectiveness of the device for low frequency applications, such as human motion. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC

Long term results of Intramedullary Nailing in childhood femur fractures

Objective: To evaluate the impact on bone growth of intramedullary nailing of femur using Küntscher technique in childhood.  Methods: 18 patients who had undergone Küntscher  intramedullary nailing were analyzed as they have grown to adulthood. Growth of each lower limb was compared using predefined clinical and radiological parameters. Results: Patient ages at the time of evaluation, ranged from 21 to 30 years and the follow up length 12 to 16 years. Clinical examination noted 10 normal patients and 8 patients with anomalies, among them 6 were less than 12 years old at the time of intervention. Six patients had lengthening; 4 had atrophy of the thigh and 7 patients had coxa valga of operated limb. All patients with coxa valga had undergone the intervention before the age of 12 years. Conclusion: intramedullary nailing using Küntschter nails to treat femoral fractures in children  may have some long terms sequelae. Therefore it is advisable not to use this technique in children less than 12 years old. Key words: intramedullary nailing, children, growth plate, femur

Apport de l’imagerie par résonnance magnétique dans les traumatismes du rachis cervical et thoracique à Cotonou

Objectif: Décrire les lésions retrouvées à l’Imagerie par Résonnance Magnétique (IRM) chez les traumatisés du rachis cervical et thoracique à Cotonou.Méthodologie : Étude rétrospective sur une durée de 12 mois; de janvier 2017 à décembre 2017; réalisée à l’unité d’IRM du CRES/IRM de Cotonou. Étaient inclus tous les traumatisés du rachis cervical et thoracique  adressé en IRM. Étaient exclus tous les patients dont le dossier radiologique n’a pas été retrouvé dans le système d’archivage du centre. Les paramètres étudiés étaient: l’ âge et le sexe, l’indication clinique de l’IRM et les lésions retrouvées.Résultats: Trente-trois dossiers ont été colligés. L’âge moyen était de 44,6 ans ± 13,20 avec des extrêmes de 24 et 78 ans. Il y avait une  prédominance masculine avec une sexe ratio de 3,71. L’accident de la voie publique était la cause de tous les traumatismes du rachis. 75,75% des indications d’IRM l’ont été dans le cadre d’un déficit neurologique aigu post traumatique. Vingt-sept patients présentaient des lésions traumatiques vertébro-médullaires. La localisation principale des ces lésions était le rachis cervical inférieur dans 67% des cas. Les  lésions retrouvées étaient isolées ou associées. Ces lésions étaient osseuses dans 16 cas, discales dans 19 cas, ligamentaires dans six cas, une avulsion du plexus brachial droit et 22 lésions médullaires. 16 lésions  médullaires avaient un mauvais pronostic à l’IRM.Conclusion: Les lésions médullaires traumatiques étaient fréquentes,  graves et de mauvais pronostic neurologique. L’IRM a permis un bilan précis des atteintes traumatiques médullaires et extramédullaires.Mots clés : IRM, Rachis, Traumatisme, Cotonou.  Assessment of cervical and thoracic spine injuries by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Cotonou, BeninObjective: To describe the lesions found in traumatized cervical and thoracic spine in Cotonou.Methodology: Retrospective study over a period of 12 months; from january 2017 to december 2017; was performed at the MRI unit of CRES / MRI in Cotonou. Included subject was any traumatized cervical and thoracic spine referred for MRI. Excluded subject was any patient whose radiological record was not found in the archiving system of the center. The parameters studied were: age and sex, clinical indication of MRI, lesions founded.Results: Thirty-three cases were collected. The average age was 44.6 years ± 13,20 with extremes ranging from 24 to 78 years. There was a male  predominance with a sex ratio of 3.71. Public road accident was the cause of the trauma. The post-traumatic acute  neurological deficit was the main  indication for MRI (75.75%). We found traumatic  vertebromedullary lesions in 27 patients. The main site of these lesions was the lower cervical spine in 67% of cases. Lesions have been isolated or associated. These lesions were bony in 16 cases, discal in 19 cases, ligamentous in six cases, one avulsion of the right brachial plexus and 22 spinal cord injuries. 16 spinal cord injuries had a poor prognosis on MRI.Conclusion: Traumatic spinal cord injury was frequent, severe, and had a poor neurological prognosis. MRI allowed a precise assessment of traumatic   medullary and  extramedullary lesions.Keywords: MRI, Spine, Trauma, Cotonou.