The Ukrainian war and the pandemic: the impact on public health and the need for new health digital tools and the next level of intelligence.

Against the background of the war in Ukraine, the COVID-19 pandemic has waned from public consciousness as the threat of the virus to health is outweighed by safety concerns during the war. Pandemic restrictions in the European region are being lifted despite low vaccination rates in Central and Eastern European countries and a lack of effective containment strategies. However, Central and Eastern European countries are influenced most by the flow of refugees from neighboring Ukraine where a triple health crisis occurs: an overloaded health system, an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and the war. The aim: to review the progress regarding viral surveillance technologies that use genomics, digital, and informational tools, to find the gap in the literature and formulate policy recommendations for continuing surveillance in the context of permacrisis. Unstructured search was conducted through scientific (PubMed and Google Scholar databases) and grey literature using the keywords. The paper highlights aspects of war-related problems of infectious diseases control in Europe, new challenges in healthcare connected with COVID-19 pandemic and war in Ukraine and provides discussion on the role of innovative surveillance systems in tackling infection outbreaks (with COVID-19 pandemic as an example). The paper overviews perspectives of the implementation of the discussed measures. Future COVID-19 outbreaks and new variants are possible. Complex adaptive system models, new tools, and the next level of health and digital intelligence are needed to provide timely and valuable insights. Combining lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, the threat of war, and the need for continuous outbreaks surveillance, new public health and digital intelligence tools must be designed and implemented at regional, European, and global levels

Selection of cloudless sky conditions by applying solar globalultraviolet irradiance measurements

Taking advantage of UV (295 385 nm) irradiance measurements is one of the objectives of this paper. A newindex termed kt″ is established for this band. This newindexworks as a zenith angle independent clearness index for band measurements and has similar applications to those of kt′ for broadband measurements. The new index may be applied to identify cloudless instants from UV band measurements. Both indexes were correlated throughout the period 1998 2004 with a R2 of 0.85. A selection criterion of kt″UV >1.1 classified cloudless sky conditions with a probability of 95% in comparison with a selection that two criteria-applying broadband measurements would make. This index may be of interest for classifying cloudless sky conditions when only UV band measurements are available. An estimation method from the literature was applied to the period 1998 2004. This method was previously validated for the UV band with a measurement campaign made in Valencia (Spain) in the summer season.This work was supported by the Spanish Government through MEC grant MAT2006-02279, and was a part of the activities of the Grup d'Optoelectronica i Semiconductors of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.Serrano, M.; Boscá Berga, JV. (2013). Selection of cloudless sky conditions by applying solar globalultraviolet irradiance measurements. Atmospheric Research. 132-133:291-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.05.020S291298132-13

Distribuição de potássio em gotejamento com fertirrigação em diferentes pontos de injeção na linha principal

[EN] The purpose of this research was to evaluate the K2O distribution uniformity by surface drip irrigation at Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain (39º 29′ N, 0º 23′ W, 20 m). The irrigation was performed by drip lines with not-compensated emitters, spaced 0.3 m. The fertigation was realized using a fertilizer injector pump of electric action with injection of 0.25 h. The experimental design used completely randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of injection in five distances, located at 10; 20; 30; 40; 50 m of the first drip line. Samples were collected in emitters located at the start, at 1/3, at 2/3 and at the end of the drip lines. The nutrient concentration was determined by flame spectrophotometry. The Christiansen's uniformity coefficients (CUC), of distribution (DUC), of statistical (SUC) and of emission (eUC) were estimated. The K2O concentration and distribution decreased linearly with the increase of the injection distance. In all treatments, the CUC, SUC and DUC were described as 'excellent'. The eUC was described as 'recommended' only at smaller injection distances.[PT] Objetivando fornecer subsídios para os produtores aperfeiçoarem o manejo da fertirrigação em pequenas áreas, avaliou-se, na Universitat Politècnica de València, Valência, Espanha (39° 29′ N, 0° 23′ W, 20 m), a uniformidade de distribuição do K2O via irrigação por gotejamento superficial em função da distância do ponto de injeção na linha principal. A irrigação foi efetuada por linhas laterais com emissores não compensantes, espaçados de 0,3 m. Na fertirrigação, foi utilizada uma bomba injetora de fertilizante de acionamento elétrico, com o tempo de injeção de 0,25 h. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco pontos de injeção na linha principal, situados a: 10; 20; 30; 40 e 50 m da primeira linha lateral. Foram coletadas amostras em emissores localizados no início, a 1/3, a 2/3 e no final das linhas laterais. A concentração do nutriente foi determinada por espectrofotometria de chama. Foram estimados os coeficientes de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC), de distribuição (CUD), estatístico (CUE) e de emissão (CUe). A concentração e a distribuição de K2O diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da distância do ponto de injeção. Em todos os tratamentos, o CUC, CUE e CUD foram classificados como ‘excelente’. O CUe foi classificado como ‘recomendado’ apenas na menor distância de injeção.To the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for grant the Doctoral Sandwich Abroad scholarship and the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), for providing the experimental area and all equipment and supplies needed for the research.Do Bomfim, GV.; Manzano Juarez, J.; De Azevedo, BM.; Vasconcelos, DV.; Viana, TVDA. (2014). Potassium distribution in drip irrigation with fertigation for different injection distances in the main line. Engenharia Agrícola. 34(6):1151-1161. doi:10.1590/S0100-69162014000600011S1151116134

Modeling of Daily Global Solar Irradiation in Timisoara by Using a Fuzzy Approach

This paper proposes a new simple model to forecast daily global solar irradiation one day ahead using the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy methods. The model is based on solar radiation data measured in Timisoara, Romania. The daily clearness index represents the direct variable used by the fuzzy algorithm. The model forecasts the clearness index at the moment of time t on basis of two previous values measured at time t-1 and t-2. An assessment of the model accuracy is performed