Overweight People Have Low Levels of Implicit Weight Bias, but Overweight Nations Have High Levels of Implicit Weight Bias

Although a greater degree of personal obesity is associated with weaker negativity toward overweight people on both explicit (i.e., self-report) and implicit (i.e., indirect behavioral) measures, overweight people still prefer thin people on average. We investigated whether the national and cultural context - particularly the national prevalence of obesity predicts attitudes toward overweight people independent of personal identity and weight status. Data were collected from a total sample of 338,121 citizens from 71 nations in 22 different languages on the Project Implicit website (https://implicit.harvard.edu/) between May 2006 and October 2010. We investigated the relationship of the explicit and implicit weight bias with the obesity both at the individual (i.e., across individuals) and national (i.e., across nations) level. Explicit weight bias was assessed with self-reported preference between overweight and thin people; implicit weight bias was measured with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The national estimates of explicit and implicit weight bias were obtained by averaging the individual scores for each nation. Obesity at the individual level was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) scores, whereas obesity at the national level was defined as three national weight indicators (national BMI, national percentage of overweight and underweight people) obtained from publicly available databases. Across individuals, greater degree of obesity was associated with weaker implicit negativity toward overweight people compared to thin people. Across nations, in contrast, a greater degree of national obesity was associated with stronger implicit negativity toward overweight people compared to thin people. This result indicates a different relationship between obesity and implicit weight bias at the individual and national levels

Sociopolitiska attityder 1975

The central aim of the study is looking at various aspects of political perception as a function of socio-political ideology. The politically percepted objects consists mainly of political parties, party-leaders and countries. The measurement of political perception is made through multi-dimensional scaling, semantic differential and political differential. Political ideology is operationalized through party affiliation and socio-political attitude (measured with a specially designed scale). From these data some indexes are generated on the individual level for cognitive articulation and cognitive differentiation which then are related to the individual's socio-political ideology. The first part of the study contains questions about attitudes to various phenomena in society, socio-economical questions, party preferences (own, parents), education of relatives, estimation of: left-right, religiosity and extremism. The second part (where the sample is a subgroup of the first part's sample) contains the same questions plus estimations of: some Swedish politicians, countries (Sweden, USA, the Soviet Union and China) and Swedish political parties.The central aim of the study is looking at various aspects of political perception as a function of socio-political ideology. The politically percepted objects consists mainly of political parties, party-leaders and countries. The measurement of political perception is made through multi-dimensional scaling, semantic differential and political differential. Political ideology is operationalized through party affiliation and socio-political attitude (measured with a specially designed scale). From these data some indexes are generated on the individual level for cognitive articulation and cognitive differentiation which then are related to the individual's socio-political ideology. The first part of the study contains questions about attitudes to various phenomena in society, socio-economical questions, party preferences (own, parents), education of relatives, estimation of: left-right, religiosity and extremism. The second part (where the sample is a subgroup of the first part's sample) contains the same questions plus estimations of: some Swedish politicians, countries (Sweden, USA, the Soviet Union and China) and Swedish political parties

Sociopolitiska attityder 1979_2

The aim of the study is basically the same as in Socio-Political Attitudes 1975. In the first part of the study there are some new questions about politics in the family and in the media. Questions about cars, living conditions, siblings are also added. The estimations of religiosity and extremism have been removed. The second part deals with the same group. Estimations of the Swedish political parties and party-leaders are located in this part together with the party preferences.The aim of the study is basically the same as in Socio-Political Attitudes 1975. In the first part of the study there are some new questions about politics in the family and in the media. Questions about cars, living conditions, siblings are also added. The estimations of religiosity and extremism have been removed. The second part deals with the same group. Estimations of the Swedish political parties and party-leaders are located in this part together with the party preferences

Sociopolitiska attityder 1975

The central aim of the study is looking at various aspects of political perception as a function of socio-political ideology. The politically percepted objects consists mainly of political parties, party-leaders and countries. The measurement of political perception is made through multi-dimensional scaling, semantic differential and political differential. Political ideology is operationalized through party affiliation and socio-political attitude (measured with a specially designed scale). From these data some indexes are generated on the individual level for cognitive articulation and cognitive differentiation which then are related to the individual's socio-political ideology. The first part of the study contains questions about attitudes to various phenomena in society, socio-economical questions, party preferences (own, parents), education of relatives, estimation of: left-right, religiosity and extremism. The second part (where the sample is a subgroup of the first part's sample) contains the same questions plus estimations of: some Swedish politicians, countries (Sweden, USA, the Soviet Union and China) and Swedish political parties.The central aim of the study is looking at various aspects of political perception as a function of socio-political ideology. The politically percepted objects consists mainly of political parties, party-leaders and countries. The measurement of political perception is made through multi-dimensional scaling, semantic differential and political differential. Political ideology is operationalized through party affiliation and socio-political attitude (measured with a specially designed scale). From these data some indexes are generated on the individual level for cognitive articulation and cognitive differentiation which then are related to the individual's socio-political ideology. The first part of the study contains questions about attitudes to various phenomena in society, socio-economical questions, party preferences (own, parents), education of relatives, estimation of: left-right, religiosity and extremism. The second part (where the sample is a subgroup of the first part's sample) contains the same questions plus estimations of: some Swedish politicians, countries (Sweden, USA, the Soviet Union and China) and Swedish political parties

Komparativa sociopolitiska attityder 1979-1980

This study is an international expansion of the Socio-political attitudes 1979 study. Youths in the United States and Australia have answered the same questions as the Swedish youths. The aim is to compare different countries in regard to political socialization, political perception/cognition and social attitudes.This study is an international expansion of the Socio-political attitudes 1979 study. Youths in the United States and Australia have answered the same questions as the Swedish youths. The aim is to compare different countries in regard to political socialization, political perception/cognition and social attitudes

Sociopolitiska attityder 1975_2

The central aim of the study is looking at various aspects of political perception as a function of socio-political ideology. The politically percepted objects consists mainly of political parties, party-leaders and countries. The measurement of political perception is made through multi-dimensional scaling, semantic differential and political differential. Political ideology is operationalized through party affiliation and socio-political attitude (measured with a specially designed scale). From these data some indexes are generated on the individual level for cognitive articulation and cognitive differentiation which then are related to the individual's socio-political ideology. The first part of the study contains questions about attitudes to various phenomena in society, socio-economical questions, party preferences (own, parents), education of relatives, estimation of: left-right, religiosity and extremism. The second part (where the sample is a subgroup of the first part's sample) contains the same questions plus estimations of: some Swedish politicians, countries (Sweden, USA, the Soviet Union and China) and Swedish political parties.The central aim of the study is looking at various aspects of political perception as a function of socio-political ideology. The politically percepted objects consists mainly of political parties, party-leaders and countries. The measurement of political perception is made through multi-dimensional scaling, semantic differential and political differential. Political ideology is operationalized through party affiliation and socio-political attitude (measured with a specially designed scale). From these data some indexes are generated on the individual level for cognitive articulation and cognitive differentiation which then are related to the individual's socio-political ideology. The first part of the study contains questions about attitudes to various phenomena in society, socio-economical questions, party preferences (own, parents), education of relatives, estimation of: left-right, religiosity and extremism. The second part (where the sample is a subgroup of the first part's sample) contains the same questions plus estimations of: some Swedish politicians, countries (Sweden, USA, the Soviet Union and China) and Swedish political parties

Sociopolitiska attityder 1979

The aim of the study is basically the same as in Socio-Political Attitudes 1975. In the first part of the study there are some new questions about politics in the family and in the media. Questions about cars, living conditions, siblings are also added. The estimations of religiosity and extremism have been removed. The second part deals with the same group. Estimations of the Swedish political parties and party-leaders are located in this part together with the party preferences.The aim of the study is basically the same as in Socio-Political Attitudes 1975. In the first part of the study there are some new questions about politics in the family and in the media. Questions about cars, living conditions, siblings are also added. The estimations of religiosity and extremism have been removed. The second part deals with the same group. Estimations of the Swedish political parties and party-leaders are located in this part together with the party preferences

Sociopolitiska attityder 1979

The aim of the study is basically the same as in Socio-Political Attitudes 1975. In the first part of the study there are some new questions about politics in the family and in the media. Questions about cars, living conditions, siblings are also added. The estimations of religiosity and extremism have been removed. The second part deals with the same group. Estimations of the Swedish political parties and party-leaders are located in this part together with the party preferences.The aim of the study is basically the same as in Socio-Political Attitudes 1975. In the first part of the study there are some new questions about politics in the family and in the media. Questions about cars, living conditions, siblings are also added. The estimations of religiosity and extremism have been removed. The second part deals with the same group. Estimations of the Swedish political parties and party-leaders are located in this part together with the party preferences