A pilot demonstration project of technology application from the aerospace industry to city management (four cities program)

The Four Cities Program has completed the first year of the planned two-year program. At the beginning of the first year, a variety of program initiation activities were accomplished. Contracts were negotiated; science and technology advisors were interviewed, selected and assigned; general indoctrination and integration of the advisors into city affairs occurred; technical needs were identified and related projects pursued; pilot projects for the second year were identified; inter-city coordination on technical problems began to emerge; and the general soundness of the four cities program seems to have been established. Above all, the inter-personal relationships between the advisors and their interfaces in city government appear to be functioning smoothly. The establishment of such mutual respect, trusts, and confidences are believed essential to the success of the program

Initial Risk Matrix, Home Resources, Ability Development and Children's Achievement

This paper investigates the role of self-productivity and home resources in ability formation from infancy to adolescence. In addition, we study the complementarities between basic cognitive, motor and noncognitive abilities and social as well as academic achievement. Our data are taken from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS), an epidemiological cohort study following the long-term outcome of early risk factors. Results indicate that initial risk conditions cumulate and that differences in basic abilities increase during development. Self-productivity rises in the developmental process and complementarities are evident. Noncognitive abilities promote cognitive abilities and social achievement. There is remarkable stability in the distribution of the economic and socio-emotional home resources during the early life cycle. This is presumably a major reason for the evolution of inequality in human development.school achievement, social competencies, persistence, intelligence, home resources, initial conditions

Initial Risk Matrix, Home Resources, Ability Development and Children's Achievement

This paper investigates the development of basic cognitive, motor and noncognitive abilities from infancy to adolescence. We analyse the predictive power of these abilities, initial risk conditions and home resources for children's achievement. Our data are taken from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS), an epidemiological cohort study, which follows the long-term outcome of early risk factors. Results indicate that differences in abilities increase during childhood, while there is a remarkable stability in the distribution of the economic and socio-emotional home resources during childhood. Initial risk conditions trigger a cumulative effect. Cognitive, motor and noncognitive abilities acquired during preschool age contribute to the prediction of children's achievement at school age. --Initial Conditions,Home Resources,Intelligence,Persistence,Social Competencies,School Achievement

Self-Productivity and Complementarities in Human Development: Evidence from MARS

This paper investigates the role of self-productivity and home resources in capability formation from infancy to adolescence. In addition, we study the complementarities between basic cognitive, motor and noncognitive abilities and social as well as academic achievement. Our data are taken from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS), an epidemiological cohort study following the long-term outcome of early risk factors. Results indicate that initial risk conditions cumulate and that differences in basic abilities increase during development. Self-productivity rises in the developmental process and complementarities are evident. Noncognitive abilities promote cognitive abilities and social achievement. There is remarkable stability in the distribution of the economic and socio-emotional home resources during the early life cycle. This is presumably a major reason for the evolution of inequality in human development. --Initial Conditions,Intelligence,Persistence,Home Resources,Social Competencies,School Achievement

Federal Republic of Germany: Problems and Prospects

I am glad to have an opportunity to discuss some of my country\u27s problems. I would like to concentrate on some major political items, leaving aside the economic field in which I am no expert

Instructional Policy and the Development of Instructional Computing: Maintaining Adaptive Educational Programs

The potential benefits of microcomputer use in the schools are gains in efficiency, equity, and quality of the instructional programs

Исследования микроструктуры, состава и свойств конструкционного чугуна, применяемого для изготовления корпусных отливок автомобилестроения

В статье описаны результаты исследований микроструктуры, химического состава и свойств чугуна промышленных плавок. Результаты данных исследований позволяют выявить фактический химический состав базового чугуна для разработки дальнейших технологических процессов модифицирования чугуна недефицитными эффективными модификаторами

Mg\u3csup\u3e2+\u3c/sup\u3e Differentially Regulates Two Modes of Mitochondrial Ca\u3csup\u3e2+\u3c/sup\u3e Uptake in Isolated Cardiac Mitochondria: Implications for Mitochondrial Ca\u3csup\u3e2+\u3c/sup\u3e Sequestration

The manner in which mitochondria take up and store Ca2+ remains highly debated. Recent experimental and computational evidence has suggested the presence of at least two modes of Ca2+ uptake and a complex Ca2+ sequestration mechanism in mitochondria. But how Mg2+ regulates these different modes of Ca2+ uptake as well as mitochondrial Ca2+ sequestration is not known. In this study, we investigated two different ways by which mitochondria take up and sequester Ca2+ by using two different protocols. Isolated guinea pig cardiac mitochondria were exposed to varying concentrations of CaCl2 in the presence or absence of MgCl2. In the first protocol, A, CaCl2 was added to the respiration buffer containing isolated mitochondria, whereas in the second protocol, B, mitochondria were added to the respiration buffer with CaCl2 already present. Protocol A resulted first in a fast transitory uptake followed by a slow gradual uptake. In contrast, protocol B only revealed a slow and gradual Ca2+ uptake, which was approximately 40 % of the slow uptake rate observed in protocol A. These two types of Ca2+ uptake modes were differentially modulated by extra-matrix Mg2+. That is, Mg2+ markedly inhibited the slow mode of Ca2+ uptake in both protocols in a concentration-dependent manner, but not the fast mode of uptake exhibited in protocol A. Mg2+ also inhibited Na+-dependent Ca2+ extrusion. The general Ca2+ binding properties of the mitochondrial Ca2+ sequestration system were reaffirmed and shown to be independent of the mode of Ca2+ uptake, i.e. through the fast or slow mode of uptake. In addition, extra-matrix Mg2+ hindered Ca2+ sequestration. Our results indicate that mitochondria exhibit different modes of Ca2+ uptake depending on the nature of exposure to extra-matrix Ca2+, which are differentially sensitive to Mg2+. The implications of these findings in cardiomyocytes are discussed

Low pressure gas electron diffraction: An experimental setup and case studies.

Vishnevskiy Y, Blomeyer S, Reuter C. Low pressure gas electron diffraction: An experimental setup and case studies. The Review of scientific instruments. 2020;91(7): 074104.Principles of low pressure gas electron diffraction are introduced. An experimental setup has been constructed for measuring the electron diffraction patterns of gaseous samples at pressures below 10-3 mbar. Test measurements have been performed for benzoic acid at T = 287 K corresponding to a vapor pressure of the substance P = 2 * 10-4 mbar, for iodoform CHI3 at T = 288 K (P = 4 * 10-4 mbar), and for carbon tetraiodide CI4 at T = 290 K (P = 1 * 10-4 mbar). Due to the low experimental temperature, thermal decomposition of CI4 has been prevented, which was unavoidable in previous classical measurements at higher temperatures. From the obtained data, the molecular structures have been successfully refined. The most important semi-empirical equilibrium molecular parameters are re(Car-Car)av = 1.387(5) A in benzoic acid, re(C-I) = 2.123(3) A in iodoform, and re(C-I) = 2.133(7) A in carbon tetraiodide. The determined parameters showed consistency with the theoretically predicted values. A critical comparison with the results of the earlier investigations has also been done

Effects of age at school entry (ASE) on the development of non-cognitive skills : evidence from psychometric data

We identify effects of age at school entry (ASE) on the development of child temperament. Our analysis is based on psychometric measures from a longitudinal cohort study of children in the Rhine-Neckar region in central Germany. In children with a higher ASE due to a birthday late in the year, we find more favorable outcomes with respect to several temperamental dimensions: These children are more persistent and less often hyperactive. The findings are robust if we control for the respective temperamental dimension before entering school. We also show that the ASE effect on persistence is stable over time by comparing the children at age eight and age eleven, after the children have entered Germany’s segregated secondary-school tracks. At age eleven, we additionally find significant ASE effects on adaptability to change. Overall, the results point to a high degree of malleability in the considered non-cognitive skills after school entrance