303 research outputs found
The Bose-Einstein Correlations and the strong coupling constant at low energies
It is shown that , the strong coupling constant, can be
determined in the non-perturbative regime from Bose-Einstein correlations
(BEC). The obtained is in agreement with the prescriptions dealt
with in the Analytic Perturbative Theory approach. It also extrapolates
smoothly to the standard perturbative at higher energies. Our
results indicate that BEC dimension can be considered as an alternative
approach to the short range measure between hadrons.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Triaxial vs. Spherical Dark Matter Halo Profiles
When analysing dark matter halos forming in cosmological N-body simulations
it is common practice to obtain the density profile utilizing spherical shells.
However, it is also known that the systems under investigation are far from
spherical symmetry and rather follow a triaxial mass distribution. In this
study we present an estimator for the error introduced by spherically averaging
an elliptical mass distribution. We systematically investigate the differences
arising when using a triaxial density profile under the assumption of spherical
symmetry. We show that the variance in the density can be as large as 50% in
the outer parts of dark matter halos for extreme (but still credible) axis
ratios of 0.55:0.67:1. The inner parts are less affected but still show a
scatter at the 16% level for these prolate systems. For more moderate
ellipticities, i.e. axis ratios of 0.73:0.87:1, the error is smaller but still
as large as 10-20% depending on distance. We further provide a simple formula
that allows to estimate this variance as a function of radius for arbitrary
axis ratios. We conclude that highly prolate and/or oblate systems are better
fit by analytical profiles that take into account the triaxial nature of
cosmological objects.Comment: 4 pages. 3 figures, accepted for publication in PAS
Mass and Transverse Mass Effects on the Hadron Emitter Size
We investigate the dependence of the longitudinal emitter dimension of
identical bosons, produced in the hadronic Z decays, on their transverse
mass obtained from 2-dimensional Bose-Einstein correlations (BEC) analyses. We
show that this dependence is well described by the expression
, deduced from the uncertainty
relations, setting to be a constant of the order of sec.
This equation is essentially identical to the one previously applied to the
1-dimensional BEC results for the emitter radius dependence on the boson mass
itself. It is further shown that a very similar behaviour exists also for the
dependence of the interatomic separation in Bose condensates on their atomic
masses when they are at the same very low temperature.Comment: 10 pges, 2 figure
Responsible Research and Innovation in Industry-Challenges, Insights and Perspectives
The responsibility of industry towards society and the environment is a much discussed topic, both in academia and in business. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has recently emerged as a new concept with the potential to advance this discourse in light of two major challenges industry is facing today. The first relates to the accelerating race to innovate in order to stay competitive in a rapidly changing world. The second concerns the need to maintain public trust in industry through innovations that generate social value in addition to economic returns. This Special Issue provides empirical and conceptual contributions that explore corporate motivations to adopt RRI, the state of implementation of concrete RRI practices, the role of stakeholders in responsible innovation processes, as well as drivers and barriers to the further diffusion of RRI in industry. Overall, these contributions highlight the relevance of RRI for firms of different sizes and sectors. They also provide insights and suggestions for managers, policymakers and researchers wishing to engage with responsibility in innovation. This editorial summarizes the most pertinent conclusions across the individual articles published in this Special Issue and concludes by outlining some fruitful avenues for future research in this space
Two-Staged Sacral Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Nonobstructive Urinary Retention:A Multicenter Study Assessing Predictors of Success
Objectives: The aims of this study were to 1) determine the success rate of the tined lead test phase in patients with nonobstructive urinary retention (NOUR), 2) determine predictive factors of a successful test phase in patients with NOUR, and 3) determine long-term treatment efficacy and satisfaction in patients with NOUR. Materials and Methods: The first part was a multicenter retrospective study at two centers in The Netherlands. Patients with NOUR received a four-week tined lead test phase. Success was defined as a ≥50% reduction of clean intermittent catheterization frequency or postvoid residual. We analyzed possible predictors of success with multivariable logistic regression. Second, all patients received a questionnaire to assess efficacy, perceived health (Patient Global Impression of Improvement), and treatment satisfaction. Results: This study included 215 consecutive patients (82 men and 133 women) who underwent a tined lead test phase for the treatment of NOUR. The success rate in women was significantly higher than in men, respectively 62% (83/133) and 22% (18/82, p < 0.001). In women, age per ten years (odds ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59–0.93) and a history of psychiatric illness (OR 3.92, 95% CI: 1.51–10.2), including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), significantly predicted first stage sacral neuromodulation (SNM) success. In men, age per ten years (OR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25–0.72) and previous transurethral resection of the prostate and/or bladder neck incision (OR 7.71, 95% CI: 1.43–41.5) were significant predictors of success. Conversely, inability to void during a urodynamic study (for women, OR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.35–1.78; for men, OR 3.06, 95% CI: 0.83–11.3) was not predictive of success. Of the patients with a successful first stage, 75% (76/101) responded to the questionnaire at a median follow-up of three years. Of these patients, 87% (66/76) continued to use their SNM system, and 92% (70/76) would recommend SNM to other patients. Conclusions: A history of psychiatric illness, including PTSD, in women with NOUR increased the odds of first stage SNM success 3.92 times. A previous transurethral resection of the prostate and/or bladder neck incision in men increased the odds of success 7.71 times. In addition, a ten-year age increase was associated with an OR of 0.43 in men and 0.74 in women, indicating a 2.3- and 1.3-times decreased odds of success, respectively.</p
Cosmological Structure Formation under MOND: a new numerical solver for Poisson's equation
We present a novel solver for an analogue to Poisson's equation in the
framework of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). This equation is highly
non-linear and hence standard codes based upon tree structures and/or FFT's in
general are not applicable; one needs to defer to multi-grid relaxation
techniques. After a detailed description of the necessary modifications to the
cosmological N-body code AMIGA (formerly known as MLAPM) we utilize the new
code to revisit the issue of cosmic structure formation under MOND. We find
that the proper (numerical) integration of a MONDian Poisson's equation has
some noticable effects on the final results when compared against simulations
of the same kind but based upon rather ad-hoc assumptions about the properties
of the MONDian force field. Namely, we find that the large-scale structure
evolution is faster in our revised MOND model leading to an even stronger
clustering of galaxies, especially when compared to the standard LCDM paradigm.Comment: 15 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Analysis of hadronic invariant mass spectrum in inclusive charmless semileptonic B decays
We make an analysis of the hadronic invariant mass spectrum in inclusive
charmless semileptonic B meson decays in a QCD-based approach. The decay width
is studied as a function of the invariant mass cut. We examine their
sensitivities to the parameters of the theory. The theoretical uncertainties in
the determination of from the hadronic invariant mass spectrum are
investigated. A strategy for improving the theoretical accuracy in the value of
is described.Comment: 13 pages, 5 Postscript figure
Theory of CP Violation
CP violation in K and B decays is reviewed in the Standard Model (SM) and
beyond the SM. In K decays, one is seeking first evidence for CP violation in
direct decays. This would not give a precise quantitative test
for the present explanation of CP violation in terms of a phase in the
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. Such tests are provided by a variety of
CP asymmetries in neutral and charged B decays. Certain features,
characterizing CP violation beyond the standard model, are outlined in the B
meson system.Comment: 13 pages, To appear in Proceedings of the Fifth Topical Seminar on
The Irresistible Rise of the Standard Model, San Miniato al Todesco, Italy,
April 21-25, 199
Hadronic Spectral Moments in Semileptonic B Decays With a Lepton Energy Cut
We compute the first two moments of the final hadronic invariant mass in
inclusive semileptonic B decay, in the presence of a cut on the charged lepton
energy. These moments may be measured directly by experiments at the
Upsilon(4S) using the neutrino reconstruction technique, which requires such a
cut. Measurement of these moments will place constraints on the nonperturbative
parameters \bar\Lambda and \lambda_1, which are relevant for extracting the
quark masses m_b and m_c, as well as the CKM angle V_cb. We include terms of
order \alpha_s^2\beta_0 and 1/m_b^3 in the operator product expansion, and use
the latter to estimate the theoretical uncertainty in the extraction of
\bar\Lambda and \lambda_1.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, REVTe
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