Galectin-3 gene deletion results in defective adipose tissue maturation and impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis

Adiposopathy is a pathological adipose tissue (AT) response to overfeeding characterized by reduced AT expandability due to impaired adipogenesis, which favors inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), and abnormal glucose regulation. However, it is unclear whether defective adipogenesis causes metabolic derangement also independently of an increased demand for fat storage. As galectin-3 has been implicated in both adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis, we tested this hypothesis in galectin-3 knockout (Lgal3 12/ 12) mice fed a standard chow. In vitro, Lgal3 12/ 12 adipocyte precursors showed impaired terminal differentiation (maturation). Two-month-old Lgal3 12/ 12 mice showed impaired AT maturation, with reduced adipocyte size and expression of adipogenic genes, but unchanged fat mass and no sign of adipocyte degeneration/death or ectopic fat accumulation. AT immaturity was associated with AT and whole-body inflammation and IR, glucose intolerance, and hyperglycemia. Five-month-old Lgal3 12/ 12 mice exhibited a more mature AT phenotype, with no difference in insulin sensitivity and expression of inflammatory cytokines versus WT animals, though abnormal glucose homeostasis persisted and was associated with reduced \u3b2-cell function. These data show that adipogenesis capacity per se affects AT function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis independently of increased fat intake, accumulation and redistribution, thus uncovering a direct link between defective adipogenesis, IR and susceptibility to diabetes

Surface engineering in Ti implants to enhance osseointegration. In vitro study

En lo que concierne a los biomateriales, se ha puesto mucho esfuerzo en el diseño y proceso de fabricación de implantes, sobre todo desde la ingeniería de superficies, que permitan una mayor aceleración y robustez del proceso de osteointegración, de manera de contribuir a la disminución de las tasas de fracaso de los implantes por enfermedades periimplantarias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar superficies bioactivas en Ti para implantes dentales que favorezcan la adhesión celular y la diferenciación de CMM a células del linaje osteoblástico in vitro. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de superficies de Ti en cultivo con CMM. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron blastinizado con partículas de fosfato de calcio (B, 2min/6Bar) y anodizado por plasma químico con previo blastinizado con partículas de fosfato de calcio (BAPQ, CaHPO4-Ca(CH3COO)2). Del análisis de las distintas superficies tratadas con el sembrado de las CMM, no se observaron efectos citotóxicos en ningún caso. Las células exhibieron comportamientos de adhesión y crecimiento con la consecuente producción de proyecciones citoplasmáticas. En las superficies de las muestras BNa y BAPQNa se evidenció un incremento de las proyecciones citoplasmáticas comparadas con las muestras B y BAPQ. Se observó la presencia de un precipitado alrededor de las células adheridas y se determinó mediante SEM-EDS que estos estaban compuestos por calcio y fósforo. Nuestro laboratorio ha demostrado previamente que, en ausencia de factores de crecimiento exógenos o medios estimulantes, la topografía de la superficie y la energía de la superficie son suficientes para inducir la diferenciación de las CMM. Sin embargo,los mecanismos moleculares precisos que controlan este proceso aún no están claros.As far as biomaterials are concerned, much effort has been put into the design and manufacturing process of implants, especially from surface engineering, which allow a greater acceleration and robustness of the osseointegration process, in order to contribute to the decrease of implant failure rates due to peri-implant diseases. The objective of this work was to develop bioactive Ti surfaces for dental implants that favor cell adhesion and differentiation of MSCs to cells of the osteoblastic lineage in vitro. A descriptive observational study of Ti surfaces in culture with CMM was carried out. The treatments used were blastinization with calcium phosphate particles (B, 2min/6Bar) and chemical plasma anodization with prior blastinization with calcium phosphate particles (BAPQ, CaHPO4 -Ca(CH3 COO)2). From the analysis of the different surfaces treated with the seeding of the CMM, no cytotoxic effects were observed in any case. The cells exhibited adhesion and growth behaviors with the consequent production of cytoplasmic projections. On the surfaces of the BNa and BAPQNa samples, an increase in cytoplasmic projections was observed compared to the B and BAPQ samples. The presence of a precipitate around the adhered cells was observed and it was determined by SEM-EDS that these were composed of calcium and phosphorus. Our laboratory has previously shown that, in the absence of exogenous growth factors or stimulating media, surface topography and surface energy are sufficient to induce MSC differentiation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that control this process remain unclear.Facultad de Odontologí

Diabete tipo 2 e obesità pediatrica: rassegna a cura dei Gruppi di Studio Obesità Infantile e Diabete della Società Italiana di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Pediatrica

L’obesità pediatrica è una condizione a elevato rischio di alterazioni del metabolismo glicidico, che con il tempo possono evolvere in diabete tipo 2 (T2D). Tali condizioni, prevalentemente caratterizzate in età pediatrica da alterata glicemia a digiuno e/o ridotta tolleranza al glucosio, sono definite come “prediabete”. Un panel di esperti dei gruppi di studio Obesità Infantile e Diabete della Società Italiana di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia pediatrica ha condotto una revisione delle più recenti evidenze scientifiche sulla condizione di prediabete e di diabete tipo 2 nell’obesità pediatrica. In questa rassegna sono descritti i fattori di rischio del prediabete e del T2D, l’epidemiologia, la diagnosi, il trattamento, le complicanze associate e la prevenzione. La prevenzione e la cura dell’obesità pediatrica rappresentano obiettivi di fondamentale importanza al fine di ridurre le alterazioni del metabolismo glicidico associate. Studi futuri dovranno identificare marcatori predittivi di T2D, in aggiunta al dato anamnestico della familiarità, che rimane di grande supporto per tale diagnosi

Diabete tipo 2 e obesit\ue0 pediatrica: rassegna a cura dei Gruppi di Studio Obesit\ue0 Infantile e Diabete della Societ\ue0 Italiana di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Pediatrica

L\u2019obesit\ue0 pediatrica \ue8 una condizione a elevato rischio di alterazioni del metabolismo glicidico, che con il tempo possono evolvere in diabete tipo 2 (T2D). Tali condizioni, prevalentemente caratterizzate in et\ue0 pediatrica da alterata glicemia a digiuno e/o ridotta tolleranza al glucosio, sono definite come \u201cprediabete\u201d. Un panel di esperti dei gruppi di studio Obesit\ue0 Infantile e Diabete della Societ\ue0 Italiana di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia pediatrica ha condotto una revisione delle pi\uf9 recenti evidenze scientifiche sulla condizione di prediabete e di diabete tipo 2 nell\u2019obesit\ue0 pediatrica. In questa rassegna sono descritti i fattori di rischio del prediabete e del T2D, l\u2019epidemiologia, la diagnosi, il trattamento, le complicanze associate e la prevenzione. La prevenzione e la cura dell\u2019obesit\ue0 pediatrica rappresentano obiettivi di fondamentale importanza al fine di ridurre le alterazioni del metabolismo glicidico associate. Studi futuri dovranno identificare marcatori predittivi di T2D, in aggiunta al dato anamnestico della familiarit\ue0, che rimane di grande supporto per tale diagnosi

Wayforlight : the Catalogue of European light sources

Wayforlight.eu is the gateway to find-ing the most suitable instruments for experiments with synchrotron, FEL, and laser light sources. The portal's main asset is a de-tailed searchable catalogue of facilities, beam-lines, and instrumentation available at Euro-pean light sources. Thanks to its advanced search tools, a visitor can filter beamlines by scientific discipline, by technique, but also by energy range or sample type