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Effect of pO2 and pH on synergy of tazobactam and β-lactam antibiotics against β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae

Synergy between tazobactam and ceftriaxone or piperacillin against β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae was not influenced by the presence or absence of oxygen. For most strains synergy was excellent at neutral pH but reduced in acidic conditions. Low pH increased 50% of the MICs up to or beyond the sensitivity breakpoin

Monitoring serum concentrations for once-daily netilmicin dosing regimens

A once-daily dosing regimen for aminoglycosides is less expensive, at least as effective and possibly less toxic than multiple-daily dosing regimens. Once-daily dosing might also allow the frequency of measuring the serum concentrations of these antibiotics to be reduced since two of the major objectives of monitoring, high peak and low trough concentrations, are more likely to be achieved with this regimen. A novel strategy for monitoring serum concentrations which relies on a single sample obtained 8 h after a dose, as opposed to both trough and peak samples, is evaluated here. Serum kinetics of netilmicin were studied prospectively in 51 adult patients with initial serum creatinine concentrations of 25 μmol/L was detected in 0 of 7 patients with an 8-h concentration of 6 mg/L. The results of this study suggest that adequate information about serum netilmicin concentrations in patients receiving a once-daily dose may be derived from a sample obtained 8 h after administratio

Litt.et.Maths : explorer des albums de littérature dans une perspective interdisciplinaire français et mathématiques

Le français et les mathématiques, tant au primaire qu’au secondaire, sont les deux disciplines centrales des programmes de formation actuels. Ces disciplines scolaires occupent plus de 60 % du temps d’enseignement, d’apprentissage et d’évaluation, et elles sont sources des principales difficultés et des principaux troubles d’apprentissage des élèves. Afin de réconcilier ces deux disciplines souvent considérées comme opposées et difficiles, et de les faire apprécier par des élèves parfois réticents, nous avons mis sur pied à l’automne 2012 un laboratoire interdisciplinaire littérature et mathématiques nommé Litt.et.Maths

Des pistes pour améliorer les compétences en lecture des élèves

La dernière enquête pancanadienne sur les compétences en lecture des élèves du secondaire dresse un portrait peu flatteur des élèves québécois par comparaison avec leurs pairs de l’Ontario, de l’Alberta ou de la Colombie-Britannique. Profitant de la diffusion de ces résultats accablants, la ministre de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport a annoncé un certain nombre de mesures visant à rectifier le tir en matière d’enseignement de la lecture, répondant ainsi en partie à des revendications portées depuis quelque temps par les instances syndicales. Les mesures annoncées concernent la révision des orientations du programme du préscolaire et du primaire pour les premiers apprentissages, l’ajout d’une épreuve d’évaluation à la fin du deuxième cycle du primaire ainsi qu’un engagement à débloquer des fonds non négligeables pour des recherches relatives à la question de l’acquisition de la compétence en lecture

Influence of haem environment on the catalytic properties of the tetrathionate reductase TsdA from Campylobacter jejuni

Bifunctional diheme cytochrome c thiosul­fate dehydrogenases/tetrathionate reductases (TsdA) exhibit different catalytic properties depend­ing on the source organism. In the human food-borne intestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni , TsdA functions as a tetrathionate reductase en­abling respiration with tetrathionate as an al­ternative electron acceptor. Here, evidence is provided that Cys138 and Met255 serve as the sixth ligands of Heme 1 and Heme 2, respec­tively, in the oxidized Cj TsdA wt protein. Re­placement of Cys138 resulted in a virtually inac­tive enzyme, confirming Heme 1 as the active site heme. Significantly, TsdA variants carrying amino acid exchanges in the vicinity of the elec­tron-transferring Heme 2 (Met255, Asn254 and Lys252) exhibited markedly altered catalytic properties of the enzyme, showing these residues play a key role in the physiological function of TsdA. The growth phenotypes and tetrathionate reductase activities of a series of Δ tsdA/*tsdA complemen­tation strains constructed in the original host C. jejuni 81116, showed that in vivo , the TsdA variants exhibited the same catalytic properties as the pure, recombinantly produced enzymes. However, variants that catalyzed tetrathionate reduction more effectively than the wild-type enzyme did not allow better growth

Prediction of Extracellular Proteases of the Human Pathogen Helicobacter pylori Reveals Proteolytic Activity of the Hp1018/19 Protein HtrA

Exported proteases of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are potentially involved in pathogen-associated disorders leading to gastric inflammation and neoplasia. By comprehensive sequence screening of the H. pylori proteome for predicted secreted proteases, we retrieved several candidate genes. We detected caseinolytic activities of several such proteases, which are released independently from the H. pylori type IV secretion system encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI). Among these, we found the predicted serine protease HtrA (Hp1019), which was previously identified in the bacterial secretome of H. pylori. Importantly, we further found that the H. pylori genes hp1018 and hp1019 represent a single gene likely coding for an exported protein. Here, we directly verified proteolytic activity of HtrA in vitro and identified the HtrA protease in zymograms by mass spectrometry. Overexpressed and purified HtrA exhibited pronounced proteolytic activity, which is inactivated after mutation of Ser205 to alanine in the predicted active center of HtrA. These data demonstrate that H. pylori secretes HtrA as an active protease, which might represent a novel candidate target for therapeutic intervention strategies

Associations between depressive symptoms and disease progression in older patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the EQUAL study

Background Depressive symptoms are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, few small studies have examined this association in patients with earlier phases of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We studied associations between baseline depressive symptoms and clinical outcomes in older patients with advanced CKD and examined whether these associations differed depending on sex. Methods CKD patients (>= 65 years; estimated glomerular filtration rate <= 20 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) were included from a European multicentre prospective cohort between 2012 and 2019. Depressive symptoms were measured by the five-item Mental Health Inventory (cut-off <= 70; 0-100 scale). Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to study associations between depressive symptoms and time to dialysis initiation, all-cause mortality and these outcomes combined. A joint model was used to study the association between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time. Analyses were adjusted for potential baseline confounders. Results Overall kidney function decline in 1326 patients was -0.12 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/month. A total of 515 patients showed depressive symptoms. No significant association was found between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time (P = 0.08). Unlike women, men with depressive symptoms had an increased mortality rate compared with those without symptoms [adjusted hazard ratio 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.93)]. Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with a higher hazard of dialysis initiation, or with the combined outcome (i.e. dialysis initiation and all-cause mortality). Conclusions There was no significant association between depressive symptoms at baseline and decline in kidney function over time in older patients with advanced CKD. Depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with a higher mortality rate in men

Le synopsis : un outil méthodologique pour comprendre la pratique enseignante

L’article présente l’adaptation d’un outil méthodologique spécialisé, le synopsis, mis au point par le Groupe romand d’analyse du français enseigné (GRAFE), en Suisse. Conçu pour traiter et concentrer des données filmées en vue de décrire et comprendre des objets enseignés en classe de français, le synopsis a été adapté pour décrire et comprendre les pratiques enseignantes entourant les tâches de lecture et d’écriture en classe de science et d’histoire à l’école secondaire, au Québec. Le glissement de focus de l’objet enseigné vers les pratiques enseignantes a imposé des ajustements importants qui se justifient par la nécessité d’adéquation entre les outils et les objets de recherche.The article introduces the adaptation of a specialised methodological tool, the synopsis, developed by the Groupe romand d’analyse du français enseigné (GRAFE) in Switzerland. Originally designed to process filmed data used to describe and understand objects taught in French class, the synopsis has been adapted and applied to teaching practices, namely those concerning reading and writing in high school science and history classes in Quebec. The shift from "object" to teaching practices has required important adjustments to the tool, due to need for correspondence between the tools and objects of research