Applied Plasma Research

Contains research objectives, summary of research and reports on three research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant GK-28282X)M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory Purchase Order No. CC-54

Applied Plasma Research

Contains research objectives and reports on three research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant GK-18185)Lincoln Laboratory Purchase Order No. CC-554U. S. Navy (Office of Naval Research) under Contract N00014-67-A-0204-0019Air Force Office of Scientific Researc

Plasmas and Controlled Nuclear Fusion

Contains research objectives and reports on six research projects.U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (Contract AT(30-1)-3980

Applied Plasma Research

Contains research objectives and reports on three research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant GK-2581)Joint Services Electronics Program under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E

Applied Plasma Research

Contains research objectives and reports on three research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant GK-10472)Lincoln Laboratory, M. I. T. (P. O. No. A-3393

Plasmas and Controlled Nuclear Fusion

Contains research objectives and summary of research on six research projects.U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (Contract AT(11-1)-3070

ENIGMA MDD: seven years of global neuroimaging studies of major depression through worldwide data sharing

A key objective in the field of translational psychiatry over the past few decades has been to identify the brain correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD). Identifying measurable indicators of brain processes associated with MDD could facilitate the detection of individuals at risk, and the development of novel treatments, the monitoring of treatment effects, and predicting who might benefit most from treatments that target specific brain mechanisms. However, despite intensive neuroimaging research towards this effort, underpowered studies and a lack of reproducible findings have hindered progress. Here, we discuss the work of the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Consortium, which was established to address issues of poor replication, unreliable results, and overestimation of effect sizes in previous studies. The ENIGMA MDD Consortium currently includes data from 45 MDD study cohorts from 14 countries across six continents. The primary aim of ENIGMA MDD is to identify structural and functional brain alterations associated with MDD that can be reliably detected and replicated across cohorts worldwide. A secondary goal is to investigate how demographic, genetic, clinical, psychological, and environmental factors affect these associations. In this review, we summarize findings of the ENIGMA MDD disease working group to date and discuss future directions. We also highlight the challenges and benefits of large-scale data sharing for mental health research

Brain structural correlates of insomnia severity in 1053 individuals with major depressive disorder : results from the ENIGMA MDD Working Group

It has been difficult to find robust brain structural correlates of the overall severity of major depressive disorder (MDD). We hypothesized that specific symptoms may better reveal correlates and investigated this for the severity of insomnia, both a key symptom and a modifiable major risk factor of MDD. Cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes were assessed from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 1053 MDD patients (age range 13-79 years) from 15 cohorts within the ENIGMA MDD Working Group. Insomnia severity was measured by summing the insomnia items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Symptom specificity was evaluated with correlates of overall depression severity. Disease specificity was evaluated in two independent samples comprising 2108 healthy controls, and in 260 clinical controls with bipolar disorder. Results showed that MDD patients with more severe insomnia had a smaller cortical surface area, mostly driven by the right insula, left inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis, left frontal pole, right superior parietal cortex, right medial orbitofrontal cortex, and right supramarginal gyrus. Associations were specific for insomnia severity, and were not found for overall depression severity. Associations were also specific to MDD; healthy controls and clinical controls showed differential insomnia severity association profiles. The findings indicate that MDD patients with more severe insomnia show smaller surfaces in several frontoparietal cortical areas. While explained variance remains small, symptom-specific associations could bring us closer to clues on underlying biological phenomena of MDD