The effective participation of the audience in the production of news: encouraging opportunities through data journalism

Digital tools allow and encourage users "to participate in the creation and circulation of media” (Lewis, 2012). This participation can be considered as a remedy against the growing disconnection between journalism and citizens, also as a formula for a greater democratization of the media (Negroponte, 1996 y Castells, 2001). However, most studies show that rarely the participation of the audience become significant, papers indicate that it is actually quite unusual to allow citizens to be part of the productive process. (Domingo et al., 2008). The journalistic organization has not transferred the power to the recipients and the interaction with the audience is only welcome as comments about the information (Peters & Witschge, 2014). This work aims to demonstrate how the Data Journalism comes to enable this effective participation of the audience in the process of news production. Our main objective is to define the terms in which the participation of the audience takes place in Data Journalism, we aim to categorize how and to what extent this relationship occurs and what benefits it brings to the information. To achieve the objectives set for this work we have analyzed the Data Journalism works awarded in the Data Journalism Awards since its foundation in 2012. These awards are the most prestigious of the world and they have also been the reference for other international researches because selecting award-winning works involves studying a sample with quality (Hermida, 2017; Ojo & Heravi, 2017). After an in-depth analysis, sixteen pieces were detected, of more than a hundred, in which citizen participation was perceived.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This research is part of the R + D project CS02015-64955-C4-3-

OPTIMAL PRICING AND GRANT POLICIES FOR MUSEUMS

Considering two potential sources of income (public grants and ticket revenues),we have defined a theoretical model where the public agency is the principal and the manager of the museum is the agent. This model allows us to design the optimal contract between both sides and thus to establish the optimal values of grants, ticket prices, budget and effort applied by the manager. Furthermore, we have found a theoretical reason to explain the inelastic pricing strategy that has been found in some of the empirical research on cultural and sports economics. The main conclusion is that the optimal contract allows a Pareto optimum solution in prices that does not change if we introduce moral hazard into this relationship. This solution allows us to conclude that the public agency should regulate ticket prices in accordance with the social valuation. However, public grants and museum budgets would be affected by the existence of this problem, moving the equilibrium away from the Pareto optimum situation. In this case, even with a risk averse manager and a risk neutral public agency, grants and budgets will depend on results because higher budgets related to good results provide the main incentives to increase the manager’s level of effort. Although the focus of this paper is on museum administration, the model that we have developed can be easily generalized and applied to other institutions, such as schools, sport facilities or NGOs, which are able to raise funds directly from private (e. g. ticket revenues or membership fees) or public sources (e.g. public grants).cultural economics, grants, public prices, museums, principal- agent model

Performance Analysis of an Annular Diffuser Under the Influence of a Gas Turbine Stage Exit Flow

In this investigation the performance of a gas turbine exhaust diffuser subject to the outlet flow conditions of a turbine stage is evaluated. Towards that goal, a fully three-dimensional computational analysis has been performed where several turbine stage-exhaust diffuser configurations have been studied: a turbine stage with a shrouded rotor coupled to a diffuser with increasing divergence angle in the diffuser, and a turbine stage with an unshrouded rotor was also considered for the exhaust diffuser performance analysis. The large load of this investigation was evaluated using a steady state numerical analysis utilizing the "mixing plane" algorithm between the rotating rotor and stationary stator and diffuser rows. Finally, an unsteady analysis is performed on a turbine stage with an unsrhouded rotor coupled to an annular exhaust diffuser with an outer wall opening angle of 18°. It has been found that the over the tip leakage flow in the unshrouded rotor emerges as a swirling wall jet at the upper wall of the diffuser. When using the turbine with the shrouded rotor no wall jet was observed, making the flow at the entrance to the diffuser "quasi-uniform". The maximum opening angle of the diffuser upper wall achieved before the diffuser stalls was 12° with a static pressure recovery coefficient of Cp = 0.293. When the wall jet was observed, diffuser opening angles of 18° were possible with a static pressure recovery of Cp = 0.365. Consequently the wall jet energizes the diffuser upper wall boundary layer flow, allows for higher static pressure recovery levels and postpones diffuser stall. By altering the speed of the rotor the effect of the swirl in the turbine exit plane on the performance of the diffuser was explored. In the case where the wall jet was absent the diffuser recovers more pressure when the inlet is swirl-free. In this case the performance of the diffuser is independent on whether the turbine exit flow has co or counter swirl. In the presence of the wall jet, higher static pressure recovery was achieved when the wall jet was in co-swirl and the core flow at a slightly counter-swirl direction. This observation was more pronounced when larger diffuser upper wall opening angles were considered. In the unsteady analysis it was found that the wall jet axial velocity and swirl intensities pulsate with the relative position of the rotor to the stator. The wall jet is always co-swirling while the core flow is counter-swirling. Moreover, the wall jet does not penetrate the diffuser boundary layer as deeply as was observed in the steady state case and flow separation occurs at the upper endwall corner of the diffuser. Furthermore the performance of the diffuser shows a periodic variation that seems to depend on the relative position of the rotor to the stator. The averaged pressure recovery coefficient is Cp = 0.321 which is 11.0 % less than predicted in the steady state case

Effect of the axial jet on the optimal response in Batchelor vortex

En este póster se estudia la respuesta óptima del torbellino de Batchelor para distintos números de onda. Se demuestra que incluso teniendo la velocidad axial, un torbellino es capaz de tener grandes amplificaciones de energía.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Wingtip vortex in a NACA0012 airfoil and its active control

Contribución mediante sesión pósterWe conduct experiments in a towing-tank to analyse the flow patterns of wingtip vortices in a NACA 0012 airfoil. In this experimental research, we provide PIV measurements and flow visualisations. Without active control, several parameters are given experimentally as function of the Reynolds number, so we compare these data with the theoretical models of Batchelor, and Moore and Saffman together with DNS. Secondly, we analyse the effect of a continuous injection in the spanwise direction. The continuous jet has a strong influence on the wing-tip vortex formation. We explore this effect at low chord based Reynolds number ranging from 7000 up to 20000. We change the aspect ratio of the injection, R, defined as the ratio of the velocities between the jet (Uj) and free-stream (U). For R=1, we find that the jet strongly affects the wingtip vortex formation with a sudden decrement of the axial vorticity and the azimuthal velocity. This technique is a challenge and a promising tool to reduce the intensity of the vortex core.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech