Conocimiento que poseen los estudiantes de 4º de psicología sobre atención a la diversidad y el modelo inclusivo en el ámbito educativo

Este estudio pretende analizar el conocimiento adquirido por el alumnado de 4º de psicología sobre atención a la diversidad, los modelos educativos de integración e inclusión y las necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo que pueden presentar los niños durante su desarrollo; todo ello con el objetivo de asegurar que los actuales estudiantes de psicología, y futuros profesionales del ámbito educativo, dispongan de un conocimiento correcto; así, próximamente, las escuelas podrán disponer de profesionales bien formados que sean capaces de adaptar las enseñanzas didácticas a la situación de cada niño y de poder responder a sus necesidades educativas satisfactoriamente. Para ello, se realizó una recogida de datos a través de un instrumento cuantitativo creado ad hoc para analizar tanto el conocimiento adquirido por el alumnado de psicología sobre atención a la diversidad, como las posibles variables personales que pueden estar relacionadas con la calidad de dicho conocimiento. El análisis del conocimiento de los estudiantes muestra conclusiones positivas sobre este, aunque no se acerca del todo al modelo teórico; por otro lado, el análisis de las variables muestra una clara relación entre el conocimiento y la formación recibida, no existiendo dicha relación con la edad, el interés por la educación o la proximidad a personas con NEAE.This study aims to analyse the acquired knowledge by the students of 4th year of psychology about diversity awareness, integration and inclusion educative models, and the specific needs for educational support that can show some children through development; the main objective is to asure that current psychology students and future professionals of the educational field have the necessary knowledge. Consequently, the schools will have the opportunity to have well trained professionals that are capable to adapt didactic instructions to every child’s situation and to meet their educational needs sactisfactorily. To achieve this, we carried out a data collection with a cuantitative tool created ad hoc to analyse the acquired knowledge by the psychology students about diversity awareness, as well as personal variables that can be related to the quality of this knowledge. The analysis of the student’s knowledge shows optimist conclussions about this, although it hasn’t approached the theoretical model; on the other hand, the analysis of the variables shows a clear relationship between the knowledge and the received training, as well as no relationship with age, interest for education, or proximity to children that show specific needs for educational support.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Psicologí

A small animal pet prototype with sub-millimetre spatial resolution based on tRPCs

The aim of this thesis is to explore the possibility of building a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) system with sub-millimetre spatial resolution and absence of parallax error based on timing Resistive Plate Chambers (tRPC), to be used in the imaging of small animals. An RPC-PET prototype has been built consisting in two detector heads. Each head is built from sixteen independent metal-glass RPCs with a gas gap of 0.300 mm working on avalanche mode in the standard mixture. The characteristics that could turn a RPC-PET into a competitive system can be summarized as follows: • Sub-millimetre spatial resolution uniform on the entire Field of View (FOV) (parallax free error). Approximately 0.500 mm Full Width at Half Maximun (FWHM), experimentally measured with a point-like 22Na source for a system diameter of 60 mm. • Simulated, absolute central point source sensitivity of 2.1 % and Noise Equivalent Count (NEC) peak of 320 kcps. • Low cost, less than 100 k€, due to the inexpensiveness of the materials used in its constructions (except the FEE and DAQ), allowing the fast spread of the system for many research groups

Gomesa R. Br. (ORCHIDACEAE: ONCIDIINAE) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil : sinopse taxonômica e biologia reprodutiva de espécies representativas

Oncidiinae é uma das principais subtribos de Orchidaceae em número de representantes dentro da região Neotropical. As relações taxonômicas e filogenéticas entre as espécies da subtribo sempre foram controversas, sendo recentemente esclarecidas após o desenvolvimento de filogenias baseadas em caracteres moleculares. Como resultado, muitos gêneros foram atestados como não monofiléticos, entre eles Oncidium Sw., o gênero tipo da subtribo. As espécies brasileiras do gênero foram, então, transferidas para um conceito amplo de Gomesa R.Br., a fim de gerar grupos monofiléticos. Como atualmente aceita, Gomesa abrange 133 espécies do Brasil. Após observações de campo e revisão de literatura e herbários, foi detectada a necessidade de realização de tipificações e sinônimos sobre as espécies do sul do Brasil. Portanto, fornecemos uma lista de 20 holótipos, 3 isótipos, 8 síntipos, 16 lectótipos, 1 isolectótipo e 2 neótipos. Os novos sinônimos propostos são Gomesa montana (= G. barbaceniae); G. ciliata (= G. barbata); Oncidium raniferum var. major e G. loefgrenii (= G. hookeri); G. gravesiana (= G. imperatoris-maximiliani); G. gardneri (= G. pectoralis); G. planifolia (= G. recurva); e G. longipes (= G. uniflora). Após o conhecimento das identidades das espécies, realizamos uma sinopse de Gomesa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Neste estudo, vinte espécies foram descritas, ilustradas e mapeadas. Pudemos observar que a riqueza específica é maior nas regiões leste e norte, enquanto diminui em direção ao oeste e sul. Em relação à lista de espécies previamente citadas para Estado, devem ser suprimidos 13 nomes e acrescentados três: Gomesa barbaceniae, G. imperatoris-maximiliani e G. pectoralis. Além disso, foram estudadas as estratégias de polinização e os sistemas reprodutivos de duas espécies representativas, Gomesa flexuosa e G. cornigera. Estas espécies oferecem óleos florais como recompensas a seus visitantes e são polinizadas por fêmeas de Centris trigonoides e Trigonopedia ferruginea, respectivamente. Ambas são polinizador-dependentes, mas fortemente auto-incompatíveis em relação aos seus sistemas de reprodução. Apesar de apresentarem altas porcentagens de frutificação por polinização cruzada em condições controladas (66,67% e 71,74%), suas eficiências de polinização são baixas, evidenciadas pelos índices de Nilsson de 0,27 e 0,35, que refletem em seus respectivos sucessos de frutificação. Esses fatores aliados aos comportamentos dos polinizadores, à provável ocorrência de auto-polinizações e a influência de características ecológicas resultam em baixas frutificações nas populações naturais, de no máximo 1,54% em Gomesa flexuosa e 6,10% em G. cornigera.Oncidiinae is one of the main subtribes of Orchidaceae in number of representatives within the Neotropics. The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among species within the subtribe have always been controversial, being recently clarified after the development of molecular-based phylogenies. As a result, many genera were proven not to be monophyletics, between them Oncidium Sw., the type genus. The Brazilian species of the former genus were, then, transferred to an expanded concept of Gomesa R.Br., in order to generate monophyletic groups. As currently accepted, Gomesa englobes 133 species in Brazil. After field observations and revision of literature and herbaria, we detected the need for typifications and synonyms concerning the species from Southern Brazil. Then, we provided a list of 20 holotypes, 3 isotypes, 8 syntypes, 16 lectotypes, 1 isolectotype and 2 neotypes. The new synonyms proposed are Gomesa montana (= G. barbaceniae); G. ciliata (= G. barbata); Oncidium raniferum var. major and G. loefgrenii (= G. hookeri); G. gravesiana (= G. imperatoris-maximiliani); G. gardneri (= G. pectoralis); G. planifolia (= G. recurva); and G. longipes (= G. uniflora). After the knowledge about the species identities, we performed a synopsis of Gomesa in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost State of Brazil. In this study, twenty species were described, illustrated and mapped. We were able to observe that the specific richness is higher at the eastern and northern regions while decreases towards the west and south. In relation to the list of species previously cited to the State, 13 names should be suppressed and 3 names added: Gomesa barbaceniae, G. imperatoris-maximiliani and G. pectoralis. Moreover, the pollination strategies and breeding systems of two representative species, Gomesa flexuosa and G. cornigera, were studied. These species offer floral oils as rewards to visitors and are pollinated by Centris trigonoides and Trigonopedia ferruginea, respectively. Both are pollinator-dependents, but strongly self-incompatibles regarding their breeding systems. Despite presenting high percentages of fruiting by cross-polinations under controlled conditions (66.67% and 71.74%), their pollination efficiencies are low, evidenced by the Nilsson’s indexes of 0.27 and 0.35, which reflect in their respective fruiting successes. These factors allied to the pollinators’s behaviors, the probable occurrence of self-pollinations and the influence of ecological features result in low fruit sets in natural populations, maximum of 1.54% in Gomesa flexuosa and 6.10% in G. cornigera

Estratégias de polinização e biologia reprodutiva em orquídeas Oncidiinae do Sul do Brasil

Oncidiinae é uma das principais subtribos de orquídeas na região Neotropical, tanto em número de representantes quanto em diversidade de hábitats e estratégias de polinização. A subtribo possui um histórico taxonômico bastante controverso. Oncidium – o principal gênero de Oncidiinae – se mostrou parafilético e teve diversas espécies sendo incluídas em gêneros distintos, sendo que a maioria das espécies brasileiras foram transferidas para Gomesa. Na presente tese, estudamos as estratégias de polinização e biologia reprodutiva em orquídeas Oncidiinae da região sul do Brasil, com destaque para espécies do gênero Gomesa. Em um primeiro momento, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica, compilando todas as informações acerca dessas espécies e seus recursos florais, grupos polinizadores, formação de frutos e outras características associadas. A seguir, realizamos observações em populações nativas de quatro espécies representativas de Oncidiinae: G. flexuosa, G. ranifera, G. cornigera e G. riograndensis. Todas essas espécies apresentam flores oleíferas e são polinizadas por abelhas Apidae coletoras de óleos, dos gêneros Centris, Paratetrapedia, Trigonopedia, Lophopedia e Arhysoceble. Também investigamos a proposta encontrada na literatura de que alguns membros da subtribo podem se valer de mimetismo como estratégia para polinização. Para tanto, acompanhamos indivíduos de G. flexuosa em presença e ausência de Janusia guaranitica (Malpighiaceae). Contudo, a partir de nosso experimento, não identificamos um aumento na visitação ou no sucesso reprodutivo da orquídea quando em presença de seu modelo putativo. Com base nos novos dados, buscamos uma explicação alternativa para a semelhança entre as flores dos dois táxons envolvidos, e amparamos nossa discussão sobre a hipótese de EPB (do inglês, “exploitation of perceptual biases”). De acordo com esse processo, as orquídeas teriam se beneficiado de uma relação previamente existente entre planta (Malpighiaceae) e polinizador (abelha Apidae), mas não teriam evoluído características semelhantes com base nas malpiguiáceas como organismo modelo. Ao final da tese, discutimos os conhecimentos adquiridos frente aos trabalhos já publicados acerca das questões que envolvem ou podem influenciar na polinização dessa importante subtribo de orquídeas.Oncidiinae is one of the main orchid subtribes in the Neotropics, both in number of representatives and diversity of habitats and pollination strategies. The subtribe has a very controversial taxonomic history. Oncidium – the main genus of Oncidiinae – was considered paraphyletic and had several species included in different genera, with most of the Brazilian species transferred to Gomesa. In the present thesis, we studied the pollination strategies and breeding systems in Oncidiinae orchids from southern Brazil, with emphasis on species of the genus Gomesa. At a first moment, we carried out a literature review, compiling all information concerning these species and their floral resources, pollinating groups, fruit formation and other associated features. Next, we performed observations in native populations belonging to four Oncidiinae species: G. flexuosa, G. ranifera, G. cornigera and G. riograndensis. All these species have oil flowers and are poliinated by oil-collecting bees from the genera Centris, Paratetrapedia, Trigonopedia, Lophopedia and Arhysoceble. We also investigated the proposal found in the literature that some members of the subtribe can use mimicry as a pollination strategy. For that purpose, we observed individuals of G. flexuosa in presence and absence of Janusia guaranitica (Malpighiaceae). However, we did not identify an increase in visitation or reproductive success of the orchids when in the presence of their putative models. Based upon the new data, we searched for an alternative explanation for the similarity between the flowers of these two taxa and developed our discussion on the EPB (exploitation of perceptual biases) hypothesis. According to this process, the orchids would have benefited from a previously existing relationship between plant (Malpighiaceae) and pollinator (Apidae bee), but the similar floral features would not have evolved based on the Malpighiaceae species as a model organism. At the end of the thesis, we discuss the new knowledge acquired in relation to works already published concerning issues involving or influencing the pollination of this important orchid subtribe

Energy harvesting from vehicular traffic over speed bumps: A review

Energy used by vehicles to slow down in areas of limited speed is wasted. A traffic energy-harvesting device (TEHD) is capable of harvesting vehicle energy when passing over a speed bump. This paper presents a classification of the different technologies used in the existing TEHDs. Moreover, an estimation of the energy that could be harvested with the different technologies and their cost has been elaborated. The energy recovered with these devices could be used for marking and lighting of roads in urban areas, making transportation infrastructures more sustainable and environmentally friendly

Nitrate and Phosphorus Transport in a Galician River (NW Iberian Peninsula): Insights From Fourteen Years of Monitoring

This article is part of the special issue Current Research on Soil Science and Related Aspects of Environmental Sciences in Galicia[Abstract] The long-term development of water quality metrics is critical to estimate the status of water resources and successful catchment management. This study looks at the temporal evolution of nitrate and phosphorus loads and concentrations in a stream draining rural catchment in Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula) during 14 hydrological years. The concentrations of both nutrients are relatively low because of the rural nature of the research catchment and low-intensity agriculture. However, catchment nutrient reference levels were widely exceeded. The hydrology controls nutrient fluxes as flow is the main driver of nutrient transfer. For both nutrients there were no consistent trends in nutrient fluxes. The analysed nutrients, however, have been seen to behave differently. As a result, N seems to be decreasing, mainly due to decreased transit in the autumn and spring. Phosphorus, which is primarily transported as particulate matter, exhibits an increase in winter linked to a greater flow and sediment transfer.This research was carried out within the projects REN2003-08143, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, and PGIDIT05RAG10303PR and 10MDS103031PR, financed by the Xunta of GaliciaXunta de Galicia; PGIDIT05RAG10303PRXunta de Galicia; 10MDS103031P

A literature review of the pollination strategies and breeding systems in Oncidiinae orchids

Oncidiinae is an exclusively Neotropical orchid subtribe with about 1600 described species and an impressive array of vegetative and floral morphological adaptations. We present the results of a literature survey on the pollination strategies and breeding systems of this orchid subtribe. The flowers are pollinated by a wide range of insects (mostly bees) and, sometimes, hummingbirds. Several genera reward their pollinators with floral resources such as oils, nectar or perfumes. Whereas pollination by oil-gathering bees likely evolved several times within Oncidiinae, exclusive pollination by perfume-gathering male Euglossine bees is likely restricted to a set of closely-related genera. Pollination by food or sexual deception is also present within the subtribe. Up to date, the pollen-vectors of the 92 species of Oncidiinae studied so far are as follows: 84.7 % are pollinated by bees, 6.5 % by wasps, 4.3 % by hummingbirds, 3.2 % by butterflies and 3.2 % by flies. Oncidiinae orchids are preferentially self-incompatible (69.4 % of the species studied so far), some may also present protandry as a mechanism to promote cross-pollination. Fruiting success is generally low. The rate of visitation with subsequent pollination is low, in general, which contributes to the low reproductive success of this plant group