Positive Influence of CAN in Colombian Territorial Decentralization

Mediante las presentes páginas desarrollaremos la importancia del proceso andino de integración en la descentralización territorial colombiana. Para efectos de lo anterior, estableceremos, desde una perspectiva general, los principales beneficios que la descentralización territorial colombiana puede obtener en el marco de la Comunidad Andina (CAN), haciendo un análisis que descarta la perspectiva económica, núcleo rector de cualquier proceso de integración, ycomo consecuencia de ello, prefiriendo un análisis jurídico-político.El tipo de trabajo de investigacion empleado para las presentes páginas es sintético, esto es, trata de poner de manifiesto la totalidad del contenido de una materia o tema exponiendo sus partes principales y esenciales. A su vez, y en el marco del citada modalidad de trabajo de investigación, las presentes páginas se circunscriben en un trabajo científico tipificado en la modalidad de“los estados de la cuestión”, esto es, en un trabajo de investigación que recoge la situación científica de una determinada materia en un determinado momento. Adicionalmente, el método empleado para la presente investigación es analítico, esto es, aquel que parte de lo complejo, para llegar a lo más simple.Through this article, the importance of Andean integration process in Colombian territorial decentralization will be developed. In order to make this possible, main benefits that Colombian territorial decentralization may obtain in Andean community framework will be set up, making an analysis which eliminates economic perspective, a main nucleus of any integration and consequently, preferring a juridical political analysis.The research work used is synthetic, that is to say, it tries to set up the total content of a subject or topic mentioning its main parts. As a research work, it is a scientif work typified as “los estados de la cuestión”, it means a research work which collects the scientific situation of a specific subject in a specific moment. Additionally, the methold used for this research is analytic, it is the one which comes from what is complex to what is simple

Jean Prouvé and Konrad Wachsmann. Two Ways of Using the Scale Model as a Tool for Projecting

Jean Prouvé y Konrad Wachsmann pertenecieron a una época convulsa en la que los ideales de la arquitectura se vieron modificados y nuevas variables entraron en juego. La dimensión técnico–constructiva recuperó protagonismo a su vez que la industrialización comenzó a influenciar en las construcciones del momento caracterizadas por su expresión tectónica. Maquetas a escala, así como prototipos de tamaño real, fueron utilizadas por Prouvé y Wachsmann como una herramienta fundamental en el proceso creativo. El presente artículo analiza las diferencias en el empleo de la maqueta y las estrategias de proyecto utilizadas por ambos arquitectos a través del análisis de dos obras, el Aeroclub de Roland Garros (1935) de Jean Prouvé y el Mobilar Structure (1939) de Konrad Wachsmann.Jean Prouvé and Konrad Wachsmann belonged to a convulsive period in which the ideals of architecture were modified and new variables came into play. The technique–constructive dimension regained prominence at a time when industrialization began to influence the constructions of that time, characterised by their tectonic expression. Together with real–size prototypes, Prouvé and Wachsmann employed scale models as fundamental tools in their creative process. This article explores the differences in the use of the model and projecting strategies through the analysis of two works: the Roland Garros flying club (1935) by Jean Prouvé and Mobilar Structure (1939) by Konrad Wachsmann

The Accuracy of Accredited Glaucoma Optometrists in the Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendation for Glaucoma

Background/aims: To compare the diagnostic performance of accredited glaucoma optometrists (AGO) for both the diagnosis of, and decision to treat glaucoma with that of routine hospital eye care against a reference standard of expert opinion, i.e. consultant ophthalmologist with a special interest in glaucoma. Methods: A directly comparative, masked, performance study was performed in Grampian, Scotland. 165 people were invited to participate and, of those, 100 (61%) were examined. People suspected of having glaucoma underwent a full ophthalmic assessment both in a newly established, community optometry led, glaucoma management scheme and in a consultant led hospital eye service within a month. Results: The agreement between the AGO and the consultant ophthalmologist in the diagnosis of glaucoma was substantial (89%, kappa = 0.703, SE=0.083). The agreement regarding the need for treatment was also substantial (88%, kappa = 0.716, SE =0.076). The agreement between the trainee ophthalmologists and the consultant ophthalmologist in the diagnosis of glaucoma and treatment recommendation were moderate (83%, kappa = 0.541, SE = 0.098, SE = 0.98; and 81%, kappa = 0.553, SE = 0.90, respectively). The diagnostic accuracy of the optometrists in detecting glaucoma in this population was high for specificity (0.93 [95% CI 0.85 to 0.97]) but lower for sensitivity at 0.76 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.89). The performance was similar when accuracy was assessed for treatment recommendation (sensitivity, 0.73[95% CI 0.57 to 0.85]; specificity 0.96[95% CI 0.88 to 0.99]). The differences in sensitivity and specificity between AGO and junior ophthalmologist was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Community optometrists trained in glaucoma provided satisfactory decisions regarding diagnosis and initiation of treatment for glaucoma. With such additional training in glaucoma optometrists are at least as accurate as junior ophthalmologists but some cases of glaucoma missed.Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Executive Health Departmen

Detección de ocratoxina A en higos secos utilizando el anticuerpo MAP1 y una técnica de ELISA competitivo

Sin resume

Evaluation of MF and UF as pretreatments prior to RO applied to reclaim waste water for fresh water substituion in a paper mill: A practical experience

A pilot plant study has been carried out to compare the effectiveness of different low pressure membrane systems (microfiltration and ultrafiltration) as pretreatments for a reverse osmosis system producing high quality reclaimed water from the effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant receiving a high percentage of industrial wastewater. The reclaimed water will be used to substitute fresh water in a paper mill. Although the implemented systems showed several problems derived from the unstable quality of the feed water, they were solid enough to keep a constant permeate quality; i.e. percentages of salt rejection above 99%, efficiencies in the removal of microorganisms to lower values than 1 CFU/100 mL, and final COD results below the detection limit (<5 mg L−1). In short, the quality of the produced reclaimed water was good enough to be used substituting fresh water in a paper mill. An enhanced monitoring of the quality of the water feeding the municipal wastewater treatment plant and an improved corresponding management of the treatments performed in there may be one of the keys to the success of this type of reclamation initiatives. Achieving constant disinfection, an appropriate design of the plants, and a good performance of cleaning operations were very important factors to be considered in order to fight against fouling. Temperature and the soaking time of chemical membrane cleanings were particularly well-optimized for the success of the treatment. Chloramines were compared to free chlorine as disinfection agent achieving satisfactory results

Pensando la supervisión docente como un modo de interpelar a la intenvención social : Modelo Operativo de Supervisión Docente

En este artículo se presenta una serie de reflexiones que el equipo de cátedra ha realizado en base a un análisis llevado a cabo en el marco del Programa La Cátedra Investiga, con el fin de pensar críticamente el proceso de supervisión docente que se lleva a cabo en la Carrera de Trabajo Social. La Supervisión Docente es una instancia de aprendizaje fundamental que, a partir de la práctica particular de los alumnos, intenta una articulación teórica-práctica, consolidar el yo profesional, develar e interpelar la complejidad de la intervención profesional en la actualidad. En consecuencia se presenta un modelo operativo de supervisión docente.In this article is presented a series of reflections that the team of chair has done in based on analysis carried out in the framework of the Program The Chair Investigates, in order to think critically the process of monitoring teacher to be carried out in the Career of Social Work. The monitoring teacher is an instance of basic learning that, from the particular practice of pupils tries a joint theory practice, consolidate the I professional, uncover and compel the complexity of the professional intervention in the presents. As a result is a business model of monitoring teacher.Fil: Blanco, María Teresita. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y SocialesFil: Parola, Ruth Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y SocialesFil: Avallone, Adela. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y SocialesFil: Mejías, Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y SocialesFil: Klimisch, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociale

Influencia de las áreas del desarrollo de la psicoafectividad en el proceso de aprendizaje de niños y niñas de Preescolar Solidaridad del Sector N°20 de la Ciudad de Somoto

En años anteriores en Nicaragua no se tomaban en cuenta las áreas de la psicoafectividad en los procesos de aprendizajes en niños y niñas de Educación Inicial. En el nuevo modelo curricular se ha integrado estas áreas ya que según estudios realizados es importante que el niño y la niña en sus primeros años de vida desarrollen su creatividad, autoestima y sociabilidad para el fortalecimiento de sus aprendizajes posteriores. Por lo tanto en nuestra investigación nos proponemos promover el desarrollo de estas áreas en los procesos de aprendizajes. Como principales resultados en el proceso investigativo el 50% tiene desarrollada la sociabilidad y deben mejorar autoestima y creatividad, la docente domina el 50% de sociabilidad, autoestima y no domina la creatividad. No aplica estrategias innovadoras que promuevan la participación de los estudiantes, no está capacitada por el Ministerio de Educación en psicoafectividad. Se hace necesario mencionar que el Ministerio de Educación realiza una inadecuada organización para seleccionar las educadoras para atender la Educación Inicial, es por eso que algunas educadoras no están aplicando estrategias innovadoras ya que las que están capacitadas se encuentran en otras áreas de la educación

Intraoperative use of IndoCyaninE Green fluorescence imaging to prevent anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery : systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Study Protocol for the ICEberG Trial

Intraoperative use of IndoCyaninE Green fluorescence imaging to prevent anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery: systematic review, meta-analysis and study protocol for the ICEberG trial Aim: ICG fluorescence imaging has been increasingly considered as a potential tool to assess anastomosis perfusion. This study aims to validate its efficacy in reducing anastomotic leakage (AL) rate in colorectal surgery. Method:A systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies comparing fluorescence imaging with standard care were conducted. Furthermore, a prospective randomised controlled trial (RCT) was proposed. Results: 1302 patients from 5 studies were included. Fluorescence imaging significantly reduced AL risk in cancer surgery (OR:0.34; CI:0.16-0.74; P=0.006). Low AL rates were shown in rectal surgery (ICG:1.1% vs non-ICG:6.1%; P=0.02). There was no significant AL rate decrease when procedures for benign and malignant indication were combined. To date, there are no published RCTs, though 3 ongoing trials were identified. Conclusions: Fluorescence imaging seems to reduce AL rate following colorectal surgery for cancer. However, large well-design RCTs are needed to provide evidence for its routine use. The proposed ICEberG trial would address this need.Objectiu: L'ús d'imatges per fluorescència amb verd d'indocianina s'està considerant cada cop més com una potencial eina per l'avaluació de la perfusió de l'anastomosi. L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és validar la seva eficàcia en la reducció de la taxa de fuita anastomòtica en la cirurgia colorectal. Mètodes: S'ha realitzat una revisió sistemàtica i un meta-anàlisi dels estudis que comparaven l'ús d'imatges per fluorescència amb la pràctica habitual. A més, s'ha proposat un assaig controlat aleatori (ACA) prospectiu. Resultats: 1302 pacients de 5 estudis van ser inclosos a l'anàlisi. L'ús d'imatges per fluorescència va reduir significativament el risc de fuita en cirurgia per càncer (OR:0.34; CI:0.16-0.74; P=0.006). Es va veure una baixa taxa de fuita anastomòtica en cirurgia de recte (ICG:1.1% vs no-ICG:6.1%; P=0.02). No es va trobar un descens significatiu en la taxa de fuita anastomòtica quan es van combinar procediments amb indicació benigna i maligna. Actualment no existeixen ACA publicats, tot i que s'han identificat 3 assaigs en curs. Conclusions: L'ús d'imatges per fluorescència sembla reduir la taxa de fuita anastomòtica després de cirurgia colorectal per càncer. No obstant, es necessiten grans ACA que proporcionin evidència en l'ús d'aquesta tècnica a la pràctica habitual. El proposat ACA ICEberG abordaria aquesta necessitat

Influence of Water Quality on the Efficiency of Retention Aids Systems for the Paper Industry

It has been reported that about 10-15% of the fresh water intake in a paper mill is used for feeding and diluting retention aids, so significant savings could be achieved by replacing fresh water with process water. Water from different sources and qualitiessfresh water, the outflow from an internal ultrafiltration placed in the machine circuit of a paper mill, and water from a membrane bioreactor used to treat the final effluent of this paper millswere used to prepare a dual retention system consisting of a cationic polyacrylamide and bentonite. While the behavior of bentonite was not significantly affected by the quality of the water used in its preparation, the efficiency of the cationic polyacrylamide was reduced to about 12% when it was prepared with water with high anionic trash content and conductivity as a result of a partial neutralization of the charged groups. The effect of nonionic chemical oxygen demand on the efficiency of the polymer was negligible