New horizons in geriatric medicine education and training: the need for pan-European education and training standards

The ageing population ought to be celebrated as evidence for the efficacy of modern medicine, but the challenge that this demographic shift presents for 21st century healthcare systems, with increasing numbers of people living with multi-morbidity and frailty, cannot be ignored. There is therefore a need to ensure that all healthcare professionals grasp the basic principles of care of older people. In this paper, we make a case for the development of pan-European education and training standards for the field of geriatric medicine. Firstly, the challenges which face the implementation and delivery of geriatric medicine in a systematic way across Europe are described – these include, but are not limited to; variance in geriatric medicine practice across Europe, insecurity of the specialty in some countries and significant heterogeneity in geriatric medicine training programs across Europe. The opportunities for geriatric medicine are then presented and we consider how engendering core geriatric medicine competencies amongst nongeriatricians has potential to bridge existing gaps in service provision across Europe. Finally, we consider how work can proceed to teach sufficient numbers of doctors and health professionals in the core knowledge, skills and attitudes required to do this. To safeguard the future of the specialty across Europe, we contend that there is a need to strive towards harmonisation of post-graduate geriatric medicine training across Europe, through the establishment of pan-European education and training standards in the specialty

X-ray Survey Results on Active Galaxy Physics and Evolution

This "pedagogical" review describes the key Chandra and XMM-Newton extragalactic surveys to date and details some of their implications for AGN physics and evolution. We additionally highlight two topics of current widespread interest: (1) X-ray constraints on the AGN content of luminous submillimeter galaxies, and (2) the demography and physics of high-redshift (z > 4) AGN as revealed by X-ray observations. Finally, we discuss prospects for future X-ray surveys with Chandra, XMM-Newton, and upcoming missions.Comment: 26 pages, in Physics of Active Galactic Nuclei at All Scales, eds. Alloin D., Johnson R., Lira P. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin), version with all figures at http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/papers/papers.htm

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Interim Recommendation for Use of Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, February 2021

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Gamma ray burst studies with THESEUS

International audienceGamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful transients in the Universe, over–shining for a few seconds all other γ-ray sky sources. Their emission is produced within narrowly collimated relativistic jets launched after the core–collapse of massive stars or the merger of compact binaries. THESEUS will open a new window for the use of GRBs as cosmological tools by securing a statistically significant sample of high-z GRBs, as well as by providing a large number of GRBs at low–intermediate redshifts extending the current samples to low luminosities. The wide energy band and unprecedented sensitivity of the Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) and X-Gamma rays Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) instruments provide us a new route to unveil the nature of the prompt emission. For the first time, a full characterisation of the prompt emission spectrum from 0.3 keV to 10 MeV with unprecedented large count statistics will be possible revealing the signatures of synchrotron emission. SXI spectra, extending down to 0.3 keV, will constrain the local metal absorption and, for the brightest events, the progenitors’ ejecta composition. Investigation of the nature of the internal energy dissipation mechanisms will be obtained through the systematic study with XGIS of the sub-second variability unexplored so far over such a wide energy range. THESEUS will follow the spectral evolution of the prompt emission down to the soft X–ray band during the early steep decay and through the plateau phase with the unique ability of extending above 10 keV the spectral study of these early afterglow emission phases