Momentum distributions and spectroscopic factors of doubly-closed shell nuclei in correlated basis function theory

The momentum distributions, natural orbits, spectroscopic factors and quasi-hole wave functions of the C12, O16, Ca40, Ca48, and Pb208 doubly closed shell nuclei, have been calculated in the framework of the Correlated Basis Function theory, by using the Fermi hypernetted chain resummation techniques. The calculations have been done by using the realistic Argonne v8' nucleon-nucleon potential, together with the Urbana IX three-body interaction. Operator dependent correlations, which consider channels up to the tensor ones, have been used. We found noticeable effects produced by the correlations. For high momentum values, the momentum distributions show large enhancements with respect to the independent particle model results. Natural orbits occupation numbers are depleted by about the 10\% with respect to the independent particle model values. The effects of the correlations on the spectroscopic factors are larger on the more deeply bound states.Comment: Modified version of the previous paper (there are new figures). The paper has been accepted for publication in Physical Review

Eroina e asma bronchiale

Il broncospasmo da eroina, di recente individuazione, è di raro riscontro probabilmente perché poco conosciuto o non adeguatamente indagato. L’eroina, principalmente attraverso un meccanismo di istamino-liberazione, induce ostruzione bronchiale che appare più grave negli asmatici cronici e negli atopici manifestandosi pochi minuti dopo l’inalazione della sostanza. Il narcotico può determinare: a) broncospasmo con insufficienza respiratoria che può richiedere cure intensive con ricorso alla ventilazione meccanica; b) depressione del centro bulbare del respiro; c) sintomatologia sistemica; d) sindrome da astinenza, che si può presentare poco dopo la risoluzione dell’episodio acuto. Un rapporto empatico con il paziente può agevolare il percorso diagnostico; infatti, la sua reticenza a svelare l’abitudine voluttuaria ritarda l’individuazione dell’esposizione alla sostanza. Ciò può comportare un trattamento terapeutico ritardato, con conseguente aggravamento della condizione clinica a possibile evoluzione infausta.Bronchospasm caused by inhaled heroin has recently been identified. The condition has been rarely identified and/or not sufficiently investigated. Through the reaction mediated by histamine, heroin causes a bronchial obstruction that seems more severe in chronic asthmatic and atopic individuals, immediately after inhalating the substance. Heroin can reveal: a) bronchospasm with respiratory failure that may require intensive care up to mechanical ventilation; b) depression of the bulbar center of breath; c) systemic symptoms; d) withdrawal syndrome that may be evident after an acute clinical event. Even though an empathic relationship between the patient and the doctor can facilitate the diagnostic process, a lack of early identification of exposure to the substance, due to the patient’s hesitation to disclose his/her behavior, may cause a delay in the treatment and a worsening of clinical conditions with unfavourable development

Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)

Animal science

Evidence of Improved Vascular Function in the Arteries of Trained but Not Untrained Limbs After Isolated Knee-Extension Training

Vascular endothelial function is a strong marker of cardiovascular health and it refers to the ability of the body to maintain the homeostasis of vascular tone. The endothelial cells react to mechanical and chemical stimuli modulating the smooth muscle cells relaxation. The extent of the induced vasodilation depends on the magnitude of the stimulus. During exercise, the peripheral circulation is mostly controlled by the endothelial cells response that increases the peripheral blood flow in body districts involved but also not involved with exercise. However, whether vascular adaptations occur also in the brachial artery as a result of isolated leg extension muscles (KE) training is still an open question. Repetitive changes in blood flow occurring during exercise may act as vascular training for vessels supplying the active muscle bed as well as for the vessels of body districts not directly involved with exercise. This study sought to evaluate whether small muscle mass (KE) training would induce improvements in endothelial function not only in the vasculature of the lower limb (measured at the femoral artery level in the limb directly involved with training), but also in the upper limb (measured at the brachial artery level in the limb not directly involved with training) as an effect of repetitive increments in the peripheral blood flow during training sessions. Ten young healthy participants (five females, and five males; age: 23 \ub1 3 years; stature: 1.70 \ub1 0.11 m; body mass: 66 \ub1 11 kg; BMI: 23 \ub1 1 kg \ub7 m 122 ) underwent an 8-week KE training study. Maximum work rate (MWR), vascular function and peripheral blood flow were assessed pre- and post-KE training by KE ergometer, flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in the brachial artery (non-trained limb), and by passive limb movement (PLM) in femoral artery (trained limb), respectively. After 8 weeks of KE training, MWR and PLM increased by 44% (p = 0.015) and 153% (p = 0.003), respectively. Despite acute increase in brachial artery blood flow during exercise occurred (+25%; p < 0.001), endothelial function did not change after training. Eight weeks of KE training improved endothelial cells response only in the lower limb (measured at the femoral artery level) directly involved with training, likely without affecting the endothelial response of the upper limb (measured at the brachial artery level) not involved with training

The Comparative Osteology of the Petrotympanic Complex (Ear Region) of Extant Baleen Whales (Cetacea: Mysticeti)

Anatomical comparisons of the ear region of baleen whales (Mysticeti) are provided through detailed osteological descriptions and high-resolution photographs of the petrotympanic complex (tympanic bulla and petrosal bone) of all extant species of mysticete cetaceans. Salient morphological features are illustrated and identified, including overall shape of the bulla, size of the conical process of the bulla, morphology of the promontorium, and the size and shape of the anterior process of the petrosal. We place our comparative osteological observations into a phylogenetic context in order to initiate an exploration into petrotympanic evolution within Mysticeti.The morphology of the petrotympanic complex is diagnostic for individual species of baleen whale (e.g., sigmoid and conical processes positioned at midline of bulla in Balaenoptera musculus; confluence of fenestra cochleae and perilymphatic foramen in Eschrichtius robustus), and several mysticete clades are united by derived characteristics. Balaenids and neobalaenids share derived features of the bulla, such as a rhomboid shape and a reduced anterior lobe (swelling) in ventral aspect, and eschrichtiids share derived morphologies of the petrosal with balaenopterids, including loss of a medial promontory groove and dorsomedial elongation of the promontorium. Monophyly of Balaenoidea (Balaenidae and Neobalaenidae) and Balaenopteroidea (Balaenopteridae and Eschrichtiidae) was recovered in phylogenetic analyses utilizing data exclusively from the petrotympanic complex.This study fills a major gap in our knowledge of the complex structures of the mysticete petrotympanic complex, which is an important anatomical region for the interpretation of the evolutionary history of mammals. In addition, we introduce a novel body of phylogenetically informative characters from the ear region of mysticetes. Our detailed anatomical descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons provide valuable data for current and future studies on the phylogenetic relationships, evolution, and auditory physiology of mysticetes and other cetaceans throughout Earth's history