Risikomanagement

Fragen von Natur- und Technikrisiken sind seit Längerem bereits Gegenstand räumlicher Planung, allerdings ist Risikomanagement als planerische Aufgabe in der Raumordnung und Bauleitplanung erst in Ansätzen etabliert. Risikomanagement wird als systematischer Ansatz verschiedener Strategien und Handlungen im Umgang mit Risiken verstanden, wobei für die Raumplanung insbesondere raum- und raumplanungsrelevante Risiken bedeutsam sind

Klimaanpassung

Die Klimaanpassung umfasst Pläne und Prozesse, die natürliche und menschliche Systeme an die Folgen des Klimawandels anpassen. Dabei ist davon auszugehen, dass eine Anpassung sowohl an die aktuell messbaren als auch an die zukünftigen Veränderungen durch den Klimawandel in der raumwirksamen Planung notwendig ist. Dementsprechend müssen vorhandene und neue Planungs- und Organisationsprozesse sowie rechtliche Grundlagen für die Klimaanpassung weiterentwickelt und genutzt werden

Integrating Remote Sensing and Social Science - The correlation of urban morphology with socioeconomic parameters

The alignment, small-scale transitions and characteristics of buildings, streets and open spaces constitute a heterogeneous urban morphology. The urban morphology is the physical reflection of a society that created it, influenced by historical, social, cultural, economic, political, demographic and natural conditions as well as their developments. Within the complex urban environment homogeneous physical patterns and sectors of similar building types, structural alignments or similar built-up densities can be localized and classified. Accordingly, it is assumed that urban societies also feature a distinctive socioeconomic urban morphology that is strongly correlated with the characteristics of a city’s physical morphology: Social groups settle spatially with one’s peer more or less segregated from other social groups according to, amongst other things, their economic status. This study focuses on the analysis, whether the static physical urban morphology correlates with socioeconomic parameters of its inhabitants – here with the example indicators income and value of property. Therefore, the study explores on the capabilities of high resolution optical satellite data (Ikonos) to classify patterns of urban morphology based on physical parameters. In addition a household questionnaire was developed to investigate on the cities socioeconomic morphology

Derivation of population distribution for vulnerability assessment in flood-prone German cities using multisensoral remote sensing data

Against the background of massive urban development, area-wide and up-to-date spatial information is in demand. However, for many reasons this detailed information on the entire urban area is often not available or just not valid anymore. In the event of a natural hazard – e.g. a river flood – it is a crucial piece of information for relief units to have knowledge about the quantity and the distribution of the affected population. In this paper we demonstrate the abilities of remotely sensed data towards vulnerability assessment or disaster management in case of such an event. By means of very high resolution optical satellite imagery and surface information derived by airborne laser scanning, we generate a precise, three-dimensional representation of the landcover and the urban morphology. An automatic, object-oriented approach detects single buildings and derives morphological information – e.g. building size, height and shape – for a further classification of each building into various building types. Subsequently, a top-down approach is applied to distribute the total population of the city or the district on each individual building. In combination with information of potentially affected areas, the methodology is applied on two German cities to estimate potentially affected population with a high level of accurac

Coping with global environmental change, disasters and security : threats, challenges, vulnerabilities and risks

Book : vol 5 / hexagon series on human and environmental security and peac

Characterizing physical and social composition of cities to inform climate adaptation: case studies in Germany

Cities are key to climate change mitigation and adaptation in an increasingly urbanized world. As climate, socio-economic and physical compositions of cities are constantly changing, these need to be considered in their urban climate adaptation. To identify these changes, urban systems can be characterized by physical, functional and social indicators. Multi-dimensional approaches are needed to capture changes of city form and function, including patterns of mobility, land use, land cover, economic activities, and human behaviour. In this paper we examine how urban structure types provide one way to differentiate cities in general and to what extent socio-economic criteria have been considered regarding the characterisation of urban typologies. In addition, we analyse how urban structure types are used in local adaptation strategies and plans to derive recommendations and concrete targets for climate adaptation. To do this, we examine indicators, background data used, and cartographic information developed for and within such urban adaptation plans, focusing in particular on the German cities of Karlsruhe and Berlin. The comparative analysis provides new insights into how present adaptation plans consider physical and social structures including issues of human vulnerability within cities. Based on the analysis we make recommendations on how to improve the consideration of both physical and socio-economic aspects of a city to support pathways for adaptatio

Integrating Socio-Economic Data in Spatial Analysis: An Exposure Analysis Method for Planning Urban Risk Mitigation

For disaster risk management and risk-based urban planning, time-dependent knowledge on the spatial distribution of various social groups is of critical importance. However, in a highly dynamic urbanizing world data are mostly outdated, generalized, not area-wide, not reliable or even not existing. This paper explores the potential of interdisciplinary integration of social science and remote sensing to deal with the problem of area-wide and up-to-date information derivation of the spatial distribution of population, and especially the vulnerable groups. The integration of conventional socio-economic data (census and household survey data) with the structural information of the urban landscape extracted from remotely sensed data aims at assessing dynamic exposure of various social groups. The analysis was done for the case study in the tsunami and earthquake prone coastal city of Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The information generated is particularly useful for giving an additional insight for urban planners, how land use and urban development shape the exposure of various social groups to natural hazards