Effects of intraseasonal variations of the Arctic Oscillation on the Barents Sea

This paper investigates possible connections among the wintertime Arctic Oscillation(AO), North Atlantic water inflow into the Barents Sea, and sea ice and sea water temperature in the Barents Sea on monthly to seasonal time scales using a coupled sea-ice-ocean model. The forcing is from winters with large anomalies of the AO. The inflow of the North Atlantic water into the Barents Sea forced by significantly different wind stresses over the area south of the Barents Sea shows a close relation to the AO only during the AO high-phase periods rather than during the low-phase periods. The responses to forcing by the opposite phases of the AO differ substantially in surface and subsurface water temperature of the Barents Sea. The positive phase of the AO raises subsurface water temperature in the Barents Sea, with concurrent surface cooling in the western and central Barents Sea. One exception is in the eastern Barents Sea where the surface water temperature is higher during the positive phase than during the negative phase. The enhanced net inflow of warmer Atlantic water into the Barents Sea causes decrease of sea ice

Voters' Impacts on Creators' Popularity Disparity and Network Size in Two-sided Decentralized User-Generated Content Market

The development of decentralized technologies greatly facilitates the growth of user-generated content (UGC) markets. However, existing literature debates whether the decentralized UGC platform model can be economically sustainable. This study investigates the differential impacts of four voter groups, categorized by their social engagement and financial investment, on the two critical issues pertaining to decentralized UGC markets (i.e., creator popularity disparity and content contribution). We empirically tested our hypotheses using data from a leading decentralized UGC platform. The results indicate a consumer engagement tradeoff between promoting fair growth opportunities in the interest of the creators and extending the creator network in the interest of the platform. Our findings shed light on how creator popularity disparity may arise through votes from the four voter groups and their differential network externalities exerted on the creator network

Response of the East Asian climate system to water and heat changes of global frozen soil using NCAR CAM model

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar un corpus de obras poéticas publicadas en Chile durante la primera década del siglo XXI, a partir de las distintas simbolizaciones que ellas plantean en torno a dos figuras culturales que resultan claves para entender el imaginario de la letra poética actual en nuestro país. Nos referimos a la casa y el niño, ambas como metáforas de una habitabilidad fracasada e, incluso, imposible, que se produce como efecto de la economía neoliberal, consolidada en el campo cultural chileno tras el retorno a la democracia.The following article aims to analyze a corpus of poetic productions published in Chile during the first decade of the 21st century, starting from the different symbolizations they propose around two cultural figures, that are key to understand the imaginary of nowadays poetics. Those are, the home and the child, both as symbolizations of an unsuccessful habitability, even impossible, due to the effects that the neoliberal economy has created in the Chilean cultural space, after the return of democracy.El següent treball té com a objectiu analitzar un corpus d'obres poètiques publicades a Xile durant la primera dècada del segle XXI, a partir de les diferents simbolitzacions que aquestes plantegen entorn de dues figures culturals que resulten clau per entendre l'imaginari de la lletra poètica actual al nostre país. Ens referim a la casa i el nen, ambdues com a metàfores d'una habitabilitat fracassada i, fins i tot, impossible, que es produeix com a efecte de l'economia neoliberal, consolidada en el camp cultural xilè després del retorn a la democràcia

Dominant patterns of winter Arctic surface wind variability

Dominant statistical patterns of winter Arctic surface wind (WASW) variability and their impacts on Arctic sea ice motion are investigated using the complex vector empirical orthogonal function (CVEOF) method. The results indicate that the leading CVEOF of Arctic surface wind variability, which accounts for 33% of the covariance, is characterized by two different and alternating spatial patterns (WASWP1 and WASWP2). Both WASWP1 and WASWP2 show strong interannual and decadal variations, superposed on their declining trends over past decades. Atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with WASWP1 and WASWP2 exhibit, respectively, equivalent barotropic and some baroclinic characteristics, differing from the Arctic dipole anomaly and the seesaw structure anomaly between the Barents Sea and the Beaufort Sea. On decadal time scales, the decline trend of WASWP2 can be attributed to persistent warming of sea surface temperature in the Greenland—Barents—Kara seas from autumn to winter, reflecting the effect of the Arctic warming. The second CVEOF, which accounts for 18% of the covariance, also contains two different spatial patterns (WASWP3 and WASWP4). Their time evolutions are significantly correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and the central Arctic Pattern, respectively, measured by the leading EOF of winter sea level pressure (SLP) north of 70°N. Thus, winter anomalous surface wind pattern associated with the NAO is not the most important surface wind pattern. WASWP3 and WASWP4 primarily reflect natural variability of winter surface wind and neither exhibits an apparent trend that differs from WASWP1 or WASWP2. These dominant surface wind patterns strongly influence Arctic sea ice motion and sea ice exchange between the western and eastern Arctic. Furthermore, the Fram Strait sea ice volume flux is only significantly correlated with WASWP3. The results demonstrate that surface and geostrophic winds are not interchangeable in terms of describing wind field variability over the Arctic Ocean. The results have important implications for understanding and investigating Arctic sea ice variations: Dominant patterns of Arctic surface wind variability, rather than simply whether there are the Arctic dipole anomaly and the Arctic Oscillation (or NAO), effectively affect the spatial distribution of Arctic sea ice anomalies

Severe Ice Cover on Great Lakes During Winter 2008–2009

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94591/1/eost17090.pd

Cloud-Assisted Safety Message Dissemination in VANET-Cellular Heterogeneous Wireless Network

Abstract-In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), efficient message dissemination is critical to road safety and traffic efficiency. Since many VANET-based schemes suffer from high transmission delay and data redundancy, integrated VANETcellular heterogeneous network has been proposed recently and attracted significant attention. However, most existing studies focus on selecting suitable gateways to deliver safety message from the source vehicle to a remote server, while rapid safety message dissemination from the remote server to a targeted area has not been well studied. In this paper, we propose a framework for rapid message dissemination that combines the advantages of diverse communication and cloud computing technologies

An Improved Genetic-Shuffled Frog-Leaping Algorithm for Permutation Flowshop Scheduling

Due to the NP-hard nature, the permutation flowshop scheduling problem (PFSSP) is a fundamental issue for Industry 4.0, especially under higher productivity, efficiency, and self-managing systems. This paper proposes an improved genetic-shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (IGSFLA) to solve the permutation flowshop scheduling problem. In the proposed IGSFLA, the optimal initial frog (individual) in the initialized group is generated according to the heuristic optimal-insert method with fitness constrain. The crossover mechanism is applied to both the subgroup and the global group to avoid the local optimal solutions and accelerate the evolution. To evolve the frogs with the same optimal fitness more outstanding, the disturbance mechanism is applied to obtain the optimal frog of the whole group at the initialization step and the optimal frog of the subgroup at the searching step. The mathematical model of PFSSP is established with the minimum production cycle (makespan) as the objective function, the fitness of frog is given, and the IGSFLA-based PFSSP is proposed. Experimental results have been given and analyzed, showing that IGSFLA not only provides the optimal scheduling performance but also converges effectively

An observational study on imported COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong during mandatory on-arrival hotel quarantine.

BACKGROUND: Hong Kong enforced stringent travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases is important for establishing evidence-based control measures. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study summarising the characteristics of imported cases detected in Hong Kong between 13 November 2020 and 31 January 2022, when compulsory quarantine was implemented. FINDINGS: A total of 2269 imported COVID-19 cases aged 0-85 years were identified, of which 48.6 % detected on arrival. A shorter median delay from arrival to isolation was observed in Delta and Omicron cases (3 days) than in ancestral strain and other variants cases (12 days; p < 0.001). Lower Ct values at isolation were observed in Omicron cases than in ancestral strain or other variants cases. No Omicron cases were detected beyond 14 days after arrival. Cases detected after 14 days of quarantine (n=58, 2.6 %) were more likely asymptomatic at isolation and had higher Ct value during isolation, some of them indicating re-positivity or post-arrival infections. CONCLUSIONS: Testing inbound travellers at arrival and during quarantine can detect imported cases early, but may not prevent all COVID-19 introductions into the community. Public health measures should be adapted in response to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants based on evidence from ongoing surveillance