42 research outputs found
Long term outcome in non-multiple sclerosis paediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the risks of relapse and long term disability in children with non-MS acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS). METHODS: In this prospective, multi-centre study, from the 14 UK pediatric neurology centres, children (<16 years) experiencing a first episode of ADS were recruited from 2010 to 2014. Case report forms were collected prospectively. RESULTS: A total of 269 children were recruited and followed up for a median of 7.2 years. Median age at onset was 9y (IQR 9.5-14.5, 126 females). At last follow-up, 46 (18 %) had MS, 4 AQP4-Ab NMOSD and 206 (80 %) had other ADS, of which 27 (13 %) relapsed. Relapsing MOGAD was the diagnosis in 12/27, 6 were seronegative and 9 did not have antibodies tested. Frequency of relapse differed according to first presentation in non-MS ADS, being least likely in transverse myelitis (p = 0.025). In the non-MS group, MOG-Ab was predictive of relapse (HR = 8.42; p < 0.001) occurring 8 times as often decreasing over time. Long-term difficulties did not differ between children with monophasic vs relapsing diseases. CONCLUSION: The risk of relapse in non-MS ADS depends on initial diagnosis, and MOG-Ab positivity. Long-term difficulties are observed regardless of relapses and are determined by presenting phenotype
Unileverâs Response to the Future of Work
On a sunny February morning in 2020, Nick Dalton, executive vice president HR business transformation at Unileverâa British-Dutch corporation with 2019 revenues of âŹ52 billionâhurried through the streets of London to his office. As he stopped for a coffee in the atrium of the art deco building, he couldnât help but think about his upcoming meeting with company CEO, Alan Jope, and chief HR officer, Leena Nair. Founded in 1929, Unilever was one of the worldâs largest consumer goods companies, employing 155,000 people across more than 100 countries. âBut the world is changing, and it is changing fast,â Dalton thought. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automation would dramatically change the future of work in the next five years. Unilever needed to act swiftly.
In 2016, Dalton had launched Unileverâs Future of Work initiativeâan overarching plan to prepare the workforce for a digitalized and highly automated era. The plan focused on accelerating the speed of change within Unilever, reskilling staff through a culture of lifelong learning, and adopting flexible work practices. Despite success over the last three years, the program still faced significant challenges. Dalton reflected, âWhat we are trying to do in terms of the future of work is an integrated, almost systemic intervention. Itâs not a one-off initiative. The ideas in some way are quite easy. The issue is how you link them and implement them, particularly on a global scale.â Since Unilever placed sustainability and positive social impact at the core of its strategy, the company was also determined to cushion the effects of new technologies on labor.
Taking a gulp of coffee, Dalton reflected on the program and its future. Had they done enough, or should they add more? Would this make Unilever better and its workforce better
Un photographe dans un collectif de recherche. La question de la décision dans la prise en charge des personnes suivies en psychiatrie
International audienceA team of ten ethnographers and one photographer set out on a joint venture to explore the scientific and artistic aspects of care for the psychiatrically-disabled in the context of social work, healthcare, and family life. The team was brought together by a commitment to a singular methodology : reflexive ethnography. Having reviewed the conditions of this particular collaboration, the article goes on to emphasize and discuss the fruits of the teamâs collective effort â chief among these, the construction of scientific and artistic objects and the dissemination of research results to multiple publics. It traces how, between 2011 and 2015, the collaboration took root and what it produced through, on the one hand, sharing a common object of study â the everyday consequences of psychiatric disability â and, on the other hand, a commitment to reflexivity regarding the use of tools and practices that are, at first glance, incompatible.RĂ©unis autour dâune mĂȘme mĂ©thode - lâethnographie rĂ©flexive - et autour dâune problĂ©matique construite sur la prise en charge familiale, mĂ©dico-sociale et sanitaire des personnes dĂ©crites comme relevant du soin psychiatrique, dix ethnographes et un photographe ont mis en place une dĂ©marche conjointe originale aux accents artistiques et scientifiques. AprĂšs avoir restituĂ© les conditions de possibilitĂ© dâune telle coopĂ©ration, lâarticle insiste sur les bĂ©nĂ©fices que lâĂ©quipe en a retirĂ©s, depuis la construction des objets - scientifiques et artistiques - jusquâĂ la diffusion « mixte » des rĂ©sultats, en passant par la nĂ©cessaire objectivation des mĂ©thodes dâenquĂȘte. Il retrace la façon dont, entre 2011 et 2015, une telle alliance a pu se nouer et ce quâelle a produit dâune part, sur lâapprĂ©hension dâun objet commun - les consĂ©quences quotidiennes des troubles psychiques invalidants - et dâautre part, sur la rĂ©flexivitĂ© dâenquĂȘteurs aux outils et pratiques apparemment Ă©loignĂ©s
Un photographe dans un collectif de recherche. La question de la décision dans la prise en charge des personnes suivies en psychiatrie
International audienceA team of ten ethnographers and one photographer set out on a joint venture to explore the scientific and artistic aspects of care for the psychiatrically-disabled in the context of social work, healthcare, and family life. The team was brought together by a commitment to a singular methodology : reflexive ethnography. Having reviewed the conditions of this particular collaboration, the article goes on to emphasize and discuss the fruits of the teamâs collective effort â chief among these, the construction of scientific and artistic objects and the dissemination of research results to multiple publics. It traces how, between 2011 and 2015, the collaboration took root and what it produced through, on the one hand, sharing a common object of study â the everyday consequences of psychiatric disability â and, on the other hand, a commitment to reflexivity regarding the use of tools and practices that are, at first glance, incompatible.RĂ©unis autour dâune mĂȘme mĂ©thode - lâethnographie rĂ©flexive - et autour dâune problĂ©matique construite sur la prise en charge familiale, mĂ©dico-sociale et sanitaire des personnes dĂ©crites comme relevant du soin psychiatrique, dix ethnographes et un photographe ont mis en place une dĂ©marche conjointe originale aux accents artistiques et scientifiques. AprĂšs avoir restituĂ© les conditions de possibilitĂ© dâune telle coopĂ©ration, lâarticle insiste sur les bĂ©nĂ©fices que lâĂ©quipe en a retirĂ©s, depuis la construction des objets - scientifiques et artistiques - jusquâĂ la diffusion « mixte » des rĂ©sultats, en passant par la nĂ©cessaire objectivation des mĂ©thodes dâenquĂȘte. Il retrace la façon dont, entre 2011 et 2015, une telle alliance a pu se nouer et ce quâelle a produit dâune part, sur lâapprĂ©hension dâun objet commun - les consĂ©quences quotidiennes des troubles psychiques invalidants - et dâautre part, sur la rĂ©flexivitĂ© dâenquĂȘteurs aux outils et pratiques apparemment Ă©loignĂ©s
Robustesse de l'immunité du piment à Phytophthora capsici face à une perturbation thermique
National audienceLa rĂ©ponse des plantes Ă lâattaque dâun agent pathogĂšne est dĂ©pendante de lâenvironnement dans lequel elle se trouve. Dans un contexte de changement climatique, et donc de forte augmentation de la variabilitĂ© environnementale, il est difficile de prĂ©dire la rĂ©ponse des plantes. Il est alors important de dĂ©velopper des variĂ©tĂ©s dont le phĂ©notype est stable quel que soit lâenvironnement de culture. Ce phĂ©nomĂšne correspond Ă la robustesse, qui est dĂ©finie par une variation faible, voire nulle, dâun trait face Ă une perturbation donnĂ©e. Ce concept, Ă lâorigine identifiĂ© chez les animaux, est encore peu Ă©tudiĂ© chez les plantes. Identifier les rĂ©gions du gĂ©nome contrĂŽlant la robustesse dâun trait serait une grande avancĂ©e pour lâamĂ©lioration des plantes, permettant par exemple de crĂ©er des variĂ©tĂ©s dont lâimmunitĂ© serait stable. Nos recherches sâintĂ©ressent Ă la robustesse de lâimmunitĂ© du piment face Ă une perturbation thermique. Nous avons pour objectifs principaux de (i) dĂ©finir des mĂ©thodes dâestimation de la robustesse dâun trait et (ii) dâidentifier les rĂ©gions du gĂ©nome qui y sont associĂ©es. Pour cela, nous avons mesurĂ© lâimmunitĂ© dâune collection reprĂ©sentative de la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique du piment (Capsicum annuum L.) Ă Phytophthora capsici, dans deux environnements thermiques contrastĂ©s. Plusieurs estimateurs de la robustesse de lâimmunitĂ© entre les deux environnements testĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s entre eux. LâimmunitĂ© au sein de chaque environnement est Ă©galement Ă©tudiĂ©e. Lâobtention, en cours, dâune carte de marqueurs SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) Ă haute densitĂ© par capture de gĂšnes permettra dâidentifier, par gĂ©nĂ©tique dâassociation (genome-wide association studies ou GWAS), les rĂ©gions du gĂ©nome du piment responsables de (i) lâimmunitĂ© Ă Phytophthora capsici sous chacun des deux environnements testĂ©s et (ii) la robustesse de lâimmunitĂ© face Ă une perturbation thermique
Robustesse de l'immunité du piment à Phytophthora capsici face à une perturbation thermique
National audienceLa rĂ©ponse des plantes Ă lâattaque dâun agent pathogĂšne est dĂ©pendante de lâenvironnement dans lequel elle se trouve. Dans un contexte de changement climatique, et donc de forte augmentation de la variabilitĂ© environnementale, il est difficile de prĂ©dire la rĂ©ponse des plantes. Il est alors important de dĂ©velopper des variĂ©tĂ©s dont le phĂ©notype est stable quel que soit lâenvironnement de culture. Ce phĂ©nomĂšne correspond Ă la robustesse, qui est dĂ©finie par une variation faible, voire nulle, dâun trait face Ă une perturbation donnĂ©e. Ce concept, Ă lâorigine identifiĂ© chez les animaux, est encore peu Ă©tudiĂ© chez les plantes. Identifier les rĂ©gions du gĂ©nome contrĂŽlant la robustesse dâun trait serait une grande avancĂ©e pour lâamĂ©lioration des plantes, permettant par exemple de crĂ©er des variĂ©tĂ©s dont lâimmunitĂ© serait stable. Nos recherches sâintĂ©ressent Ă la robustesse de lâimmunitĂ© du piment face Ă une perturbation thermique. Nous avons pour objectifs principaux de (i) dĂ©finir des mĂ©thodes dâestimation de la robustesse dâun trait et (ii) dâidentifier les rĂ©gions du gĂ©nome qui y sont associĂ©es. Pour cela, nous avons mesurĂ© lâimmunitĂ© dâune collection reprĂ©sentative de la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique du piment (Capsicum annuum L.) Ă Phytophthora capsici, dans deux environnements thermiques contrastĂ©s. Plusieurs estimateurs de la robustesse de lâimmunitĂ© entre les deux environnements testĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s entre eux. LâimmunitĂ© au sein de chaque environnement est Ă©galement Ă©tudiĂ©e. Lâobtention, en cours, dâune carte de marqueurs SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) Ă haute densitĂ© par capture de gĂšnes permettra dâidentifier, par gĂ©nĂ©tique dâassociation (genome-wide association studies ou GWAS), les rĂ©gions du gĂ©nome du piment responsables de (i) lâimmunitĂ© Ă Phytophthora capsici sous chacun des deux environnements testĂ©s et (ii) la robustesse de lâimmunitĂ© face Ă une perturbation thermique