Importance of Instream Habitat to Recruitment and Community Structure of Aquatic Invertebrates

This thesis investigates how mechanisms of colonization by aquatic insects, both by ovipositing adults and or larval drift, operate at either micro-, meso-, or macro-scales to influence larval community assemblage in streams. Our study took place in a forested floodplain stream characterized by uniform soft clay and loose detritus substrate. Within this study reach we built three sets of riffles, with each set comprised of three identical riffles built either 15, 10, or 5 m apart. We examined microscale influences on community assemblage by studying recruitment of egg masses to our constructed riffles. We found that riffle habitat additions were used by ovipositing insects and that oviposition behavior and habitat preferences varied across taxa. Mesoscale impacts on community assemblage were addressed by studying how riffle habitat isolation might impact total invertebrate abundance, along with aquatic insect taxa with different oviposition behaviors and larval mobility, within and below isolated riffle habitats. We found that impacts of habitat isolation in our stream were masked at the community level, as total invertebrate abundance did not vary significantly within or below isolated riffles; however, community composition varied by location. Oviposition behavior and larval mobility might be responsible for differences in community structure within and below isolated riffles, but discerning population dynamics requires further investigation. Finally, we focused on the macroscale impacts of habitat diversity on community assemblage by comparing invertebrate communities from mud habitat that was 2 characteristic to our study reach prior to our experiment with communities from our constructed riffles. We documented a 79% increase in taxa richness at the reach scale after adding riffle habitats to our study reach. We found mud and riffle habitats supported equally abundant and diverse communities of macroinvertebrates but with distinct taxonomic differences based on oviposition behavior and larval habitat preferences. The results of these three studies suggest that benthic invertebrate communities in streams are influenced by processes operating at multiple life stages. In addition, abundance, distribution, and diversity of instream habitat directly influences abundance and composition of benthic invertebrate communities. Consequently, impairment of habitats preferred by adult or larval invertebrates could present barriers to colonization or population persistence within a stream. Therefore, stream restoration efforts aimed at recruiting and supporting diverse macroinvertebrate communities should include instream habitat diversity, including habitat for oviposition, amongst other primary concerns, such as water quality and best land-use practices. Furthermore, recovery of macroinvertebrate communities following restoration efforts that target improvements in water quality may not be fully observed if instream habitat quality and diversity remain low

Більшовицькі амністії початку 1920-х рр. як засіб боротьби проти повстанського руху

У статті автор досліджував ефективність амністування як засобу боротьби проти повстанського руху.В статье автор исследовал эффективность амнистирования как средства борьбы с повстанческим движением.The author investigated the efficiency of amnesty as the means of struggle against the insurgent movement

The challenge of embedding an ecosystems approach:patterns of knowledge utilisation in public policy appraisal

The ‘ecosystem services approach’ (ESA) to policy making has refocused attention on how knowledge is embedded in policy. Appraisal has long been identified as an important venue for embedding, but suffers from well-known difficulties. This paper examines the extent to which an ESA appears in UK policy appraisal documents, and how far implementing an ESA via appraisal may encounter the same difficulties. A clear understanding of this is vital for interrogating claims that improving knowledge necessarily leads to more sustainable ecosystem management. The paper reports on the content of seventy-five national-level policy appraisals undertaken in the United Kingdom between 2008 and 2012. Only some elements of an ESA appear, with even the environment ministry failing to systematically pick up the concept, which is indeed subject to many of the familiar barriers to embedding environmental knowledge in appraisals. Policy initiatives attempting to institutionalise ecosystem values need to be conversant with these barriers

Comparison of outcomes following a cytological or histological diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma

Background: Survival with the epithelioid subtype of malignant mesothelioma (MM) is longer than the biphasic or sarcomatoid subtypes. There is concern that cytology-diagnosed epithelioid MM may underdiagnose the biphasic subtype. This study examines survival differences between patients with epithelioid MM diagnosed by cytology only and other subtypes diagnosed by histology. Methods: Demographics, diagnosis method, MM subtype and survival were extracted from the Western Australia (WA) Mesothelioma Registry, which records details of all MM cases occurring in WA. Results: A total of 2024 MM cases were identified over 42 years. One thousand seven hundred forty-four (86.2%) were male, median (IQR) age was 68.6 (60.4–77.0) years. A total of 1212 (59.9%) cases were identified as epithelioid subtype of which 499 (41.2%) were diagnosed using fluid cytology only. Those with a cytology-only diagnosis were older than the histology group (median 70.2 vs 67.6 years, P<0.001), but median survival was similar (cytology 10.6 (5.5–19.2) vs histology 11.1 (4.8–19.8) months, P=0.727) and Cox regression modelling adjusting for age, sex, site and time since first exposure showed no difference in survival between the different diagnostic approaches. Conclusions: Survival of cytologically and histologically diagnosed epithelioid MM cases does not differ. A diagnostic tap should be considered adequate to diagnose epithelioid MM without need for further invasive testing

Forging volumetric methods

The last two decades have seen a “volumetric turn” within Anglophone social sciences and humanities scholarship. This turn is premised on the idea that space may be better understood in three-dimensional terms – with complex heights and depths – rather than as a series of two-dimensional areas or surfaces. While there is an increasingly diverse and rich set of scholarship accounting for voluminous complexities in the air, oceans, ice, mountains, and undergrounds, all too often this work foregrounds state and military-led approaches to volume. This has resulted in a limited methodological toolkit through which to explore voluminous complexities as they emerge and extend beyond military and state contexts. Often reliant on elite interviews, archives, and cartographies, there has been little critical discussion of both methodological practice and the “flatness” of research outputs articulating three-dimensional worlds. In this paper we address this by foregrounding the role of immersive and multisensory methodologies (sounding volumes, seeing-sensing drone volumes, and object volumes). To conclude, we offer avenues for further inquiry, including attending to shifting everyday voluminous experiences in the Anthropocene, and the need to diversify the communication of “volume” research

Le chemin de fer de Paris à Bordeaux

Billé R. Le chemin de fer de Paris à Bordeaux. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 39, n°221, 1930. pp. 449-467