Conceptual match as a determinant of reference reuse in dialogue.

As speakers interact, they add references to their common ground, which they can then reuse to facilitate listener comprehension. However, all references are not equally likely to be reused. The purpose of this study was to shed light on how the speakers’ conceptualizations of the referents under discussion affect reuse (along with a generation effect in memory documented in previous studies on dialogic reuse). Two experiments were conducted in which participants interactively added references to their common ground. From each participant’s point of view, these references either did or did not match their own conceptualization of the referents discussed, and were either self- or partner-generated. Although self-generated references were more readily accessible in memory than partner-generated ones (Experiment 1), reference reuse was mainly guided by conceptualization (Experiment 2). These results are in line with the idea that several different cues (conceptual match, memory accessibility) constrain reference reuse in dialogue

The influence of reference acceptance and reuse on conversational memory traces.

International audienceNot all pieces of information mentioned during an interaction are equally accessible in speakers’ conversational memory. The current study sought to test whether 2 basic features of dialogue management (reference acceptance and reuse) affect reference recognition. Dyads of speakers were asked to discuss a route for an imaginary person, thus referring to the landmarks to be encountered. The results revealed that the participants’ conversational memory for the references produced during the interaction depended on whether these had been reused during the interaction and by whom, along with landmark visibility during the interaction. These findings have implications for partner adaptation in dialogue, which depends in part on what speakers remember of past interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved

Explicit feedback from users attenuates memory biases in human-system dialogue

In human–human dialogue, the way in which a piece of information is added to the partners’ common ground (i.e., presented and accepted) constitutes an important determinant of subsequent dialogue memory. The aim of this study was to determine whether this is also the case in human-system dialogue. An experiment was conducted in which naïve participants and a simulated dialogue system took turns to present references to various landmarks featured on a list. The kind of feedback used to accept these references (verbatim repetition vs. implicit acceptance) was manipulated. The participants then performed a recognition test during which they attempted to identify the references mentioned previously. Self-presented references were recognised better than references presented by the system; however, such presentation bias was attenuated when the initial presentation of these references was followed by verbatim repetition. Implications for the design of automated dialogue systems are discussed

I remember emotional content better, but I'm struggling to remember who said it!

The joint impact of emotion and production on conversational memory was examined in two experiments where pairs of participants took turns producing verbal information. They were instructed to produce out loud sentences based on either neutral or emotional (Experiment 1: negative; Experiment 2: positive) words. Each participant was then asked to recall as many words as possible (content memory) and to indicate who had produced each word (reality monitoring). The analyses showed that both self-production and emotion boost content memory, although emotion also impairs reality monitoring. This study sheds light on how both factors (emotion and production) may constrain language interaction memory through information saliency

An investigation of the determinants of dialogue navigation in joint activities

When people engage in joint activities together, they use dialogue – and more specifically project markers such as yeah, okay or uh-huh – to coordinate entrances and exits of projects and subprojects. The purpose of the current study was to examine how two features of the dialogue situation, namely mental load and face visibility, affect project marker production. Pairs of participants performed a collaborative puzzle game together. Mental load was manipulated through time pressure; visibility was manipulated by allowing the participants to see each other’s face during the task, or not. Dialogues were transcribed and coded for project marker production. Project marker production was found to increase under mental load; this also depended on the role of the speaker in the dyad (Director or Matcher) and on face visibility. This sheds light on the idea that dialogue partners may behave more collaboratively when experiencing high levels of mental load, contributing to a better understanding of mental resource allocation in dialogue-based joint activities

Instrumentation d’un procédé de forgeage : comparaison de différentes technologies de capteurs

De nos jours, les simulations numériques sont de plus en plus utilisées dans l’industrie de la forge, et leur prédictibilité est validée grâce à des comparaisons avec des campagnes expérimentales. Il arrive cependant parfois que les résultats expérimentaux et numériques soient significativement différents. Dans ce contexte se sont bien souvent les modèles numériques implémentés dans les simulations qui sont tenus pour responsables des divergences avec les résultats expérimentaux. Les résultats issus de l’expérience peuvent toutefois également être discutés et remis en cause. Selon les conditions opératoires, ou le type de capteur utilisé, les résultats mesurés peuvent être différents. Sans compter que l’intégration de capteurs pour surveiller des procédés de forgeage, n’est pas aisée puisque que les capteurs peuvent être exposés à des conditions extrêmes en termes de vitesses, d’efforts appliqués, de hautes températures, de rayonnement… Dans cette étude, les valeurs de déplacement de l’outil supérieur d’une machine de forgeage et de l’effort appliqué, sont mesurées par différents capteurs et sont comparées. Les avantages des différentes technologies de capteur sont discutés dans le cas de procédé de forgeage à chaud mis en œuvre avec des machines pilotées en énergie.institut Carno

Comparison of different sensor technologies to monitor a forging process

Nowadays, numerical simulations are more and more used in forging industry, and their predictability is validated through a comparison with experiments. But sometimes simulations and experiments provide significantly different results. And quite often, the models implemented in simulations are taken for responsible of this divergence with experimental results. But results experimentally obtained can also be discussed. Depending on the operatory conditions, and the type of sensor used, measured results can be different. Moreover, integrating sensors is not an easy task for forging processes, as sensors could be exposed to harsh environment with high speeds, high forces, high temperatures, radiations, … In this paper data for displacement and force measured by different sensors are compared. Advantages of different sensor technology are discussed in the case of hot forging processes performed with energy piloted machines.institut Carno

Mussel as a Tool to Define Continental Watershed Quality

Bivalves appear as relevant sentinel species in aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality assessment. This is particularly true in marine ecosystems. In fact, several biomonitoring frameworks in the world used mollusks since several decades on the base of contaminant accumulation (Mussel Watch, ROCCH) and/or biological responses called biomarker (OSPAR) measurements. In freshwater systems, zebra and quagga mussels could represent alternative sentinels, which could be seen as the counterparts of mussel marine species. This chapter presents original studies and projects underlying the interest of these freshwater mussels for water quality monitoring based on contaminant accumulation and biomarker development measurements. These sentinel species could be used as a tool for chemical/biological monitoring of biota under the European water framework directive and for the development of effect-based monitoring tools

Capturing egocentric biases in reference reuse during collaborative dialogue

Words that are produced aloud—and especially self-produced ones—are remembered better than words that are not, a phenomenon labeled the production effect in the field of memory research. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether this effect can be generalized to dialogue, and how it might affect dialogue management. Triads (Exp. 1) or dyads (Exp. 2) of participants interacted to perform a collaborative task. Analyzing reference reuse during the interaction revealed that the participants were more likely to reuse the references that they had presented themselves, on the one hand, and those that had been accepted through verbatim repetition, on the other. Analyzing reference recall suggested that the greater accessibility of self-presented references was only transient. Moreover, among partner-presented references, those discussed while the participant had actively taken part in the conversation were more likely to be recalled than those discussed while the participant had been inactive. These results contribute to a better understanding of how individual memory processes might contribute to collaborative dialogue

Prediction of High-Grade Vesicoureteral Reflux after Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection: External Validation Study of Procalcitonin-Based Decision Rule

BACKGROUND: Predicting vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) 653 at the time of the first urinary tract infection (UTI) would make it possible to restrict cystography to high-risk children. We previously derived the following clinical decision rule for that purpose: cystography should be performed in cases with ureteral dilation and a serum procalcitonin level 650.17 ng/mL, or without ureteral dilatation when the serum procalcitonin level 650.63 ng/mL. The rule yielded a 86% sensitivity with a 46% specificity. We aimed to test its reproducibility. STUDY DESIGN: A secondary analysis of prospective series of children with a first UTI. The rule was applied, and predictive ability was calculated. RESULTS: The study included 413 patients (157 boys, VUR 653 in 11%) from eight centers in five countries. The rule offered a 46% specificity (95% CI, 41-52), not different from the one in the derivation study. However, the sensitivity significantly decreased to 64% (95%CI, 50-76), leading to a difference of 20% (95%CI, 17-36). In all, 16 (34%) patients among the 47 with VUR 653 were misdiagnosed by the rule. This lack of reproducibility might result primarily from a difference between derivation and validation populations regarding inflammatory parameters (CRP, PCT); the validation set samples may have been collected earlier than for the derivation one. CONCLUSIONS: The rule built to predict VUR 653 had a stable specificity (ie. 46%), but a decreased sensitivity (ie. 64%) because of the time variability of PCT measurement. Some refinement may be warranted