Correlation Between Iodine Status and Dysfunctional Parameters of the Thyroid Gland of Djidja Schoolchildren

Iodine is reported to be one of the main trace mineral constituting thyroid hormones. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between urinary iodine concentration status and dysfunctional parameters of the thyroid gland of schoolchildren in central Benin. In our study we selected 108 schoolchildren to whom we performed T3, T4, TSH, iodine and thyroid volume tests. The determination of the morning urinary iodine (iodine) in Djidja schoolchildren gave satisfactory results to 72% thus declaring our study area as a zone of non-iodine dietary deficiency. The hormone assay results are favorable at a rate of 92% and corresponds to hypothyroidism. In fact, TSH are high in 85% of the study population, T3 are in their case low in 93% of our study population and finally T4 are lower in the 100% of individuals in the study population. But these results are not in agreement with the iodine obtained. Indeed, in the study environment, the population is forced to drink some water rich in fluoride. Fluorine is an iodine antagonist that it can easily substitute, disrupting the production of T3, T4 and TSH hormones. To end, the calculated thyroid echography volumes are for the most part normal volumes with a rate of 45.37 for boys and 35.19 for girls

Etude échographique du diamètre de l’enveloppe du nerf optique chez l’enfant noir africain sain

Introduction: l'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer le diamètre échographique de l'enveloppe du nerf optique (DENO) dans une population d'enfants sains noirs Africains au Bénin. Méthodes: une étude transversale descriptive a été menée sur une période de 6mois. Le DENO a été mesuré chez 304 enfants sains. Deux mesures échographiques du DENO (coupe transversale et sagittale) ont été réalisées 3mm en arrière de la papille sur chaque œil. Le DENO d'un patient est égal à la moyenne des quatre mesures. Résultats: l'âge moyen était de 35, 72 ± 35,38 mois et la sex-ratio H/F de 0,96. La mesure moyenne du DENO était de 3, 31±0,54mm avec des extrêmes de 2,02 et de 4,44mm. Le DENO croît avec l'âge avec une moyenne corrélation significative (r=0,58 et p<0,0001). Cette croissance est plus marquée pendant les 48 premiers mois de vie. Il n'y avait pas de différence entre les garçons et les filles (p=0, 45). Conclusion: les valeurs retrouvées dans cette étude ne diffèrent pas de ce qui est classiquement décrit dans les autres populations. Un DENO supérieur à 4,40 (IC 95%) doit être considéré comme anormal

Aspects Tomodensitometriques des Infections Rachidiennes dans le Service d’Imagerie Medicale du CNHU-HKM a Cotonou (Benin)

Introduction : Les atteintes infectieuses du rachis (AIR) sont rares, mais en recrudescence en raison des affections immunodépressives et immunosuppressives. Elles représentent 4 à 7 % de toutes les ostéomyélites. Au Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU HKM) de Cotonou (Bénin), elles constituent 2,31% des hospitalisations. L’objectif de ce travail était de décrire leurs caractéristiques tomodensitométriques. Matériels et méthode : Étude transversale descriptive à collecte rétrospective menée dans le service d’imagerie médicale du CNHUHKM sur une période de six (06) ans allant du 1er Janvier 2012 au 31 Décembre 2017. Portant sur les comptes rendus de scanner où le diagnostic d’AIR avait été retenu. Les examens tomodensitométriques avaient été réalisés à l’aide d’un Scanner Siemens Somatom Emotion (16 barrettes modèle 2011). Résultats : Sur 2797 scanners du rachis, 140 AIR (3,5%) avaient été suspectées et 72 (2.6%) avaient été confirmées sur les images scanographiques. L’âge moyen était de 49,98 ans ± 15,5 ans avec une prédominance masculine (sex ratio= 1,2). Le segment de prédilection était lombaire (77,8%) avec des érosions en miroir (11,12 %) principalement au niveau de l’étage L3-L4 (12.5%). Une hypodensité́discale était retrouvée dans 16.7% des cas. L’atteinte somatique la plus fréquente était l’ostéocondensation (20,8%). Les tassements vertébraux étaient observés dans 9.72% et les listhésis dans 11.11% des cas. Les diagnostics de discite, de spondylite, et de spondylodiscite avaient été retenus respectivement dans 6,94%, 8,33% et 84,72 % des cas. Une extension aux parties molles était retrouvée dans 27,8 % des cas dont un abcès des parties molles dans 22,22% des cas. Conclusion : Au décours de cette étude, le diagnostic des AIR bien que tardif, a majoritairement été posé au scanner avant la survenue de complications. Les érosions en miroir des spondyles étaient fortement évocatrices en dehors de toute hypodensité́ discale.   Introduction: Infections of the spine (AIR) are rare but increase because of immunosuppressive and immunosuppressive disorders. They represent 4 to 7% of all osteomyelitis. At the Hubert Koutoukou Maga National University Hospital Center (CNHU HKM), they constitute 2.31% of hospitalizations. The aim of this work is to describe their CT characteristics at the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. Material and method: Retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study conducted of the CNHU-HKM medical imaging department over a period of 06 years from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017. Included were all CT scan reports where the diagnosis was made AIR had been retained. Computed tomographic examinations were performed using a Siemens Somatom Emotion® Scanner (16 slices model 2011). Results: Of 2,797 spine scans, 140 IRAs were suspected and 72 (2.6%) were diagnosed on the scanographic images. The average age was 49.98 ± 15.5 years with a male predominance (sex ratio = 1.2). The preferred segment was lumbar (77.8%) with mirror erosions (11.12%) mainly at the L3-L4 stage (12.5%). A disc hypodensity was found in 16.7% of cases. The most common somatic involvement was osteocondensation (20.8%). Vertebral compression was observed in 9.72% and listhesis in 11.11% of cases. Diagnoses of discitis, spondylitis, and spondylodiscitis were retained in 6.94%, 8.33% and 84.72% of cases, respectively. Soft tissue extension was found in 27.8% of cases including soft tissue abscess in 22.22% of cases. Conclusion: During the course of this study, the diagnosis of RIA, although late, was mainly performed on CT before the occurrence of complications. The mirrored erosions of the spondyls were strongly evocative outside of any disc hypodensity

Etude IRM des sequelles lesionnelles post - Traumatisme cranien

SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Diaschisis cortico-cérébelleux croisé post-état de mal épileptique

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Health consequences associated with prolonged exposure to counterfeit petrol in different age strata in Benin

Background: Counterfeit fuel is sold in Benin by all socio-demographic groups with serious health consequences. The aim of this study was to assess differences in health consequences associated with exposure to petrol based on the age of vendors. Material & Methods: Data was collected by interviewing 150 petrol vendors in the municipality of Abomey-Calavi and analyzed with emphasis on comparison between age groups using the two-tailed Z test. Results: The present study shows that the proportion of vendors aged 20 to 30 working more than 8 hours per day (27.03%) was significantly higher (p˂0.05) than those under 20, and over 40. Incidents like inhaling and swallowing petrol was more reported (p˂0.05) in vendors aged 20 to 30 than those under 20 and over 40 years old. The respondents, especially those aged 30 to 40, do not protect themselves sufficiently and experience many health problems. The vendors aged 20 to 30 years who experienced headache, dizziness, cough, fatigue, sleepiness, nausea, vomiting and eye irritation was higher (p˂0.05) than those under 20 and over 50. Likewise, the proportion of people aged 20 to 50 years who presented symptoms such as stuffed nose, pressing need to expectorate upon awakening and episodes of rhinorrhea was higher (p˂0.05) than in those under 20 and over 50. Conclusion: In conclusion, people aged 20 to 30 experience more health consequences associated with the sale of counterfeit petrol and must take necessary measures for their protection

Ultrasound diagnosis of varicocele in the adolescent: Our experience from Benin

Background: The diagnosis of varicocèle is clinical. In order to improve diagnosis of varicocele, we compared the clinical with the ultrasound findings in schoolboys with the condition. This is because the conditions can affect testicular growth. Patients and Methods: It was a cross-sectional, descriptive study of schoolboys aged from 10 to 19 years who had varicocele. Among 2724 boys examined, 149 had varicocele and only 81 had scrotal (18 with Doppler) and renal ultrasound examination. Results: Among the 81 adolescents who were clinically diagnosed with varicocele and also with the aid of ultrasound scan, 25, 36 and 20 had grade 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Testicular hypotrophy (TH) was clinically noticed in 17 cases. At ultrasonography, varicocele was bilateral in 87.66% and unilateral in 12.34% (P = 0.01) with 32 adolescents (39.51%) showing TH compared with 20.99% being diagnosed with TH using clinical examination alone (P = 0.01). In 50 schoolboys (61.73%) with unilateral varicocele, a subclinical type was discovered at other side. Renal ultrasound revealed abnormalities in 4.93% of cases. Doppler ultrasound helped in finding varicoceles along the top edge of the testis (n = 15) and under tunica albuginea (n = 3). Conclusion: TH due to varicocele is better studied by ultrasound

INFLUENCE OF EXPOSURE TO DOUBTFUL QUALITY PETROL ON SINUS, LUNG AND HEART CONDITIONS IN VENDORS

<p>The gaseous particles of doubtful quality petrol diffuse into the atmosphere and enter the body mainly via the respiratory tract, but its effects on the organs of the respiratory system are hardly understood. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of exposure to doubtful quality petrol on the condition of users sinuses, lungs and heart. The sinuses, lungs and hearts of 80 sellers and 80 consumers of doubtful quality petrol were examined by X-ray. The frequencies of the anomalies recorded were calculated, and Chi² and Z tests were used to compare them among sellers and consumers, and according to the age classes of the respondents. Sinus abnormalities were more frequent (p<0.05) among sellers than the consumers. Maxillary sinus transparency decreased more (p<0.01) among sellers than the consumers. The proportion of sellers with opacity and decreased transparency in the frontal sinuses was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the ones of the consumers. Lung abnormalities included thoracic aorta unwinding, basal interstitial syndrome, localized mammary calcification,costo-diaphragmatic cul-de-sac blunting and bilateral bronchopathy. Among these abnormalities, bilateral bronchopathy was more common (p<0.05) among the sellers than the consumers. The proportion of vendors with a greater cardiothoracic index (CTI) more than 0.5 (42.5%) was significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of consumers (8.75%). Sinus damage varied very little from one age group to another. Sinus damage was reported more frequently (p<0.05) among the20 to 30 years old sellers than among the same age group Consumers. Consumers aged between 20 and 30 showed fewer progressive pleuroparenchymal abnormalities than sellers in the same age group. The proportion of sellers aged 40 to 50 with an ICT greater than 0.50 ishigher than that of consumers. The sale of doubtful quality petrol exposes the population to sinus, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases.  </p><p> </p&gt

A systematic review of occupational radiation individual dose monitoring among healthcare workers exposed in Africa

International audienceDosimetric monitoring is useful to limit exposures to ionising radiation in medical occupational settings, and reduce subsequent health risks. Scientific literatures, such as the UNSCEAR report 2017 and International Atomic Energy Agency Report 2014b, updated information on this subject; however, few African works have been found. This is the reason why we undertook this study, which summarises existing information on monitoring external radiation exposure doses for the whole body, using data from medical workers on this continent. Using standard terms and combining different keyword searches for radiation dose monitoring among radiology healthcare workers in Africa, from the titles, abstracts, and full texts, we found 3139 articles in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and INIS databases. Two reviewers screened the retrieved publications based on predefined eligibility criteria to identify relevant studies, extract key information from each, and summarise the data in table form. A total of 20 potentially relevant articles were identified. Among these 20 articles, 15 reported the overall average annual effective dose. Studies included in this systematic review represent an inventory of the radiation protection of medical workers in various African countries, with a focus on the monitoring of occupational radiation exposure. The size of studied populations ranged between 81 and 5152 occupational exposed workers. The mean annual effective doses ranged from 0.44 to 8.20 mSv in all specialities of medical sectors, while diagnostic radiology ranged from 0.07 to 4.37 mSv. For the nuclear medicine and radiotherapy from medical groups, the mean annual effective dose varied between 0.56 and 6.30 mSv. Industrial and research/teaching sectors data varied between 0.38 to 19.40 mSv. In conclusion, more studies implemented on dosimetric monitoring in Africa are needed to get a real picture of occupational exposure in the continent