Angular Distributions for Knockout and Scattering of Protons in the Eikonal Approximation

The advent of new electron accelerators with few-GeV beam energies makes the (e,e'p) reaction a promising tool for investigating new aspects of the electromagnetic interaction. To this purpose it is crucial to set the scale of Final-State Interactions (FSI) at high ejectile energies. We have analyzed the constraints which allow for a meaningful generalization to (e,e'p) of the Glauber method used in elastic (p,p) scattering. The FSI dominance at large deflection angles produces in the distributions a universal behaviour resembling the coherent diffractive scattering between the ejected proton and the (residual) nucleus. It is argued that the comparison between (e,e'p) and (p,p), when a meaningful one, may represent a convenient tool to disentangle (exotic) effects due to FSI from those related to the (hard) electromagnetic vertex.Comment: LaTeX, 21 pages, 4 figures uuencoded in a separate file. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Helicity Asymmetry for Proton Emission from Polarized Electrons in the Eikonal Regime

The nuclear response to longitudinally polarized electrons, detected in coincidence with out-of-plane high-energy protons, is discussed in a simple model where the ejectile wave function is approximated as a plane wave with a complex wave vector. This choice is equivalent to solve the problem of Final-State Interactions (FSI) in homogeneous nuclear matter, as the residual nucleus can be described to a first approximation when dealing with very fast emitted protons. The main advantage of the present method is that in the framework of the Distorted-Wave Impulse Approximation (DWIA) it allows for an analytical derivation of all the components of the nuclear response. It emerges that cancellations among the leading contributions determine the very small absolute size of the socalled fifth structure function and produce a nontrivial asymptotic scaling of the related helicity asymmetry for large values of the momentum transfer.Comment: 22 pages, RevTeX, 5 postscript figures encoded in separate file, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Effects of azimuth-symmetric acceptance cutoffs on the measured asymmetry in unpolarized Drell-Yan fixed target experiments

Fixed-target unpolarized Drell-Yan experiments often feature an acceptance depending on the polar angle of the lepton tracks in the laboratory frame. Typically leptons are detected in a defined angular range, with a dead zone in the forward region. If the cutoffs imposed by the angular acceptance are independent of the azimuth, at first sight they do not appear dangerous for a measurement of the cos(2\phi)-asymmetry, relevant because of its association with the violation of the Lam-Tung rule and with the Boer-Mulders function. On the contrary, direct simulations show that up to 10 percent asymmetries are produced by these cutoffs. These artificial asymmetries present qualitative features that allow them to mimic the physical ones. They introduce some model-dependence in the measurements of the cos(2\phi)-asymmetry, since a precise reconstruction of the acceptance in the Collins-Soper frame requires a Monte Carlo simulation, that in turn requires some detailed physical input to generate event distributions. Although experiments in the eighties seem to have been aware of this problem, the possibility of using the Boer-Mulders function as an input parameter in the extraction of Transversity has much increased the requirements of precision on this measurement. Our simulations show that the safest approach to these measurements is a strong cutoff on the Collins-Soper polar angle. This reduces statistics, but does not necessarily decrease the precision in a measurement of the Boer-Mulders function.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figure

Resonant and crossover phenomena in a multiband superconductor tuning the chemical potential near a band edge

Resonances in the superconducting properties, in a regime of crossover from BCS to mixed Bose-Fermi superconductivity, are investigated in a two-band superconductor where the chemical potential is tuned near the band edge of the second mini-band generated by quantum confinement effects. The shape resonances at T=0 in the superconducting gaps (belonging to the class of Feshbach-like resonances) is manifested by interference effects in the superconducting gap at the first large Fermi surface when the chemical potential is in the proximity of the band edge of the second mini-band. The case of a superlattice of quantum wells is considered and the amplification of the superperconducting gaps at the 3D-2D Fermi surface topological transition is clearly shown. The results are found to be in good agreement with available experimental data on a superlattice of honeycomb boron layers intercalated by Al and Mg spacer layers.Comment: 13 pages, 9 image

Growing Cayley trees described by Fermi distribution

We introduce a model for growing Cayley trees with thermal noise. The evolution of these hierarchical networks reduces to the Eden model and the Invasion Percolation model in the limit $T\to 0$, $T\to \infty$ respectively. We show that the distribution of the bond strengths (energies) is described by the Fermi statistics. We discuss the relation of the present results with the scale-free networks described by Bose statistics

Percolation transition and distribution of connected components in generalized random network ensembles

In this work, we study the percolation transition and large deviation properties of generalized canonical network ensembles. This new type of random networks might have a very rich complex structure, including high heterogeneous degree sequences, non-trivial community structure or specific spatial dependence of the link probability for networks embedded in a metric space. We find the cluster distribution of the networks in these ensembles by mapping the problem to a fully connected Potts model with heterogeneous couplings. We show that the nature of the Potts model phase transition, linked to the birth of a giant component, has a crossover from second to first order when the number of critical colors $q_c = 2$ in all the networks under study. These results shed light on the properties of dynamical processes defined on these network ensembles.Comment: 27 pages, 15 figure

A Test of the Eikonal Approximation in High-Energy (e,e'p) Scattering

The Glauber method is extensively used to describe the motion of a hadronic projectile in interaction with the surrounding nuclear medium. One of the main approximations consists in the linearization of the wave equation for the interacting particle. We have studied the consequences of such an assumption in the case of the $^{12}\mathrm{C(e,e}'\mathrm{p)}^{11}\hbox{\rm B}^*$ reaction at high proton momenta by comparing the results with the predictions obtained when all the ingredients of the calculation are unchanged but the second-order differential equation for the scattered wave, which is solved exactly for each partial wave up to a maximum of 120 spherical harmonics. We find that the Glauber cross section is always larger by a factor $10 \div 20 \%$, even at vanishing missing momenta. We give a quantum-mechanical explanation of this discrepancy. Nevertheless, a good correlation is found between the two predictions as functions of the missing momentum, especially in parallel kinematics.Comment: LaTeX, 8 pages, 4 figures uuencoded, accepted for publication on Phys. Lett.

Monte Carlo simulation of events with Drell-Yan lepton pairs from antiproton-proton collisions: the fully polarized case

In this paper, we extend the study of Drell-Yan processes with antiproton beams already presented in a previous work. We consider the fully polarized $\bar{p}^\uparrow p^\uparrow \to \mu^+ \mu^- X$ process, because this is the simplest scenario for extracting the transverse spin distribution of quarks, or transversity, which is the missing piece to complete the knowledge of the nucleon spin structure at leading twist. We perform Monte Carlo simulations for transversely polarized antiproton and proton beams colliding at a center-of-mass energy of interest for the future HESR at GSI. The goal is to possibly establish feasibility conditions for an unambiguous extraction of the transversity from data on double spin asymmetries.Comment: Produced in RevTeX 4, 10 figures in .eps forma