Brazilian Health Biotechnology Innovation System: an essay about the public policy rationale

The emergence of biotechnology is one of the most important changes in the health innovation systems. This paper discusses the rationale that has supported the public policies oriented to boost health biotechnology development in Brazil during 2004 and 2014. Based on a thorough revision of policy documents and on an extensive fieldwork, the study highlights the accumulative path followed by the Brazilian public policies. This research shows how these policies followed an uneven accumulative path were several rationales cohabited integrating explicit and implicit policies. Finally, the boundaries of policy action are discussed, stressing two critical dimensions that delimit the scope of policy action: i) the change of policy orientation and rationale, ii) that pose new governance’s challenges, which, in turn require new coordination with other implicit policies.O surgimento da biotecnologia é uma das transformações mais importantes dos sistemas de inovação em saúde. Este artigo visa discutir a lógica das políticas públicas de promoção da biotecnologia para saúde humana no Brasil no período 2004-2014. Com base num exaustivo trabalho de revisão documental e levantamento primário de dados, o artigo salienta como as políticas públicas brasileiras seguiram um roteiro de desigual acumulação, onde convivem diferentes fundamentações teóricas para as políticas, sejam elas explícitas ou implícitas. A análise conclui com a discussão dos limites das políticas publica, salientando duas dimensões que afetam o alcance das mesmas: i) a mudança na orientação e na lógica das políticas, ii) que coloca novos desafios para a governança, os quais, por sua vez, requerem novas coordenações com outras políticas implícitas

Evaluation of antioxidant activity of the fermented product from the biotransformation of R-(+)-limonene in solid-state fermentation of orange waste by Diaporthe sp.

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Partitioning approach for large wind farms: active power control for optimizing power reserve

© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Nowadays, large wind farms are expected to guarantee stability of the electrical grid contributing with ancillary services, such as frequency support. To this end, wind farm controllers must set the power generation of each turbine to compensate generation and demand imbalances. With the aim of optimizing primary frequency support, this paper proposes a partitioning approach to split large wind farms into several disjoint subsets of turbines according to the wake propagations through the wind farm. The partitioning problem is solved as a mixed-integer multi-objective optimization problem stated to maximize the strength of the coupling among the turbines due to the wake effect. Thus, no additional information sharing related to the wake propagations needs to be considered between the subsets. Different control tasks are assigned to the local controller of each subset, such that the total power generated meets the power demanded by the grid while the power reserve for enhancing primary frequency support is maximized. Finally, as an application of the proposed model, a decentralized wind farm control strategy is designed and compared with a centralized approach.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Material productivity, socioeconomic drivers and economic structures: A panel study for European regions

This paper provides an empirical investigation on the effects that regional economic structures exert on the socioeconomic determinants of material productivity. To this aim, first we develop a taxonomy of economic structures for more than 280 European regions that are classified in four overarching groups: agriculture-, industry-, intermediate- and service-based economies. Second, we perform a panel analysis to explore the impact of economic structures on the relationship between socioeconomic drivers and material productivity, during the period 2006–2015. Our results validate the basic hypothesis of the paper, i.e. the structural relationship between material productivity and its driving factors varies according to the underlying economic structures of the regions. In particular, we found that: (1) an increase in affluence leads to greater material productivity gains in material-intensive regions rather than in areas with service-oriented economies; (2) the degree of urban agglomeration seems to be the most important driver for material productivity, and its leverage effect is bigger among already densely populated regions. Our findings suggest that the influence of socioeconomic factors on material productivity behaves differently according to the idiosyncratic features that regions exhibit. Such diversity translates into different needs and opportunities that local policies should address by adopting a place-based perspective

La Base Exportadora Argentina : 1994-2002

Much has been written about the Argentine exporting performance during past years. However, the analyses have been focused in export amounts, the different type of products and the countries or regions of destiny. In contrast, less attention has been put on the evolution of the exporting firms, i.e. the set of companies with exports in a certain year. Nevertheless, such an analysis is important not only to complement studies of the exporting performance of Argentina but also to contribute to design policies for exports promotion. The aim of this paper is to assess a characterization of the Argentine exporting firms for the period 1994-2002, analyzing the evolution of the number of firms and, particularly, their continuity in the exporting activity. In this work, we find that Argentina counted on a large number of exporting firms but with a low level of exports by firm. A significant concentration of the amount of exports in this period was also verified. In fact, while a set of companies presented a high level of insertion in the international market, the rest made smaller operations and showed a discontinuous behavior in their external sales. In average, almost 3,000 companies began with the exporting activity per year, whereas a similar number retired; only 20% of the exporting base conducted operations in every year of the analyzed period. Near three quarters of the companies exported less than 50,000 dollars when starting in the exporting activity, mainly manufactures, with sales preponderantly to the neighboring countries of the MERCOSUR.trade exporters Argentina

Modelo predictivo del impacto psicosocial a partir de las variables exposición, optimismo, estilos de afrontamiento, estrés y crecimiento post-traumáticos en personas que vivieron el terremoto y tsunami del 27 de febrero de 2010

64 p.Los terremotos y tsunamis son eventos catastróficos bastante frecuentes en Chile, donde las personas quedan expuestas a distintas situaciones que generan un alto impacto psicológico y social (IPS) en sus vidas. Ahora bien, el impacto psicosocial aunque ampliamente utilizado en la literatura, no tiene una definición conceptual ni operacional clara y, menos aún, un modelo teórico y predictivo que lo defina. El objetivo de esta investigación es elaborar un modelo predictivo del IPS a partir de 5 grupos de variables o ítems evaluados en personas que vivieron el terremoto y tsunami del 27 de febrero de 2010: (1) exposición, (2) optimismo, (3) estrategias de afrontamiento, (4) trastorno de estrés post traumático y (5) crecimiento post traumático. Para esto se evaluaron los 5 grupos de variables en 278 personas seleccionadas de manera intencionada en la región del Maule expuestas al terremoto. Se determinó el grado de relación entre las variables y se ajustaron modelos SEM mediante el método de estimación de máxima verosimilitud. Como resultado se obtuvo un modelo explicativo con buenos ajustes (χ2 = 860.90; p = .000; CMIN/DF = 2.2; RMSEA = .066; CFI = .83; PNFI= .625) que confirma la existencia del IPS como un constructo observable e independiente de otros. Además, se propuso una definición inicial del IPS “proceso dinámico de cambio en la persona (cogniciones y emociones) y su ambiente (físico, social y cultural) gatillado por un evento impactante. Producto de esta dinámica la persona genera respuestas positivas y/o negativas, las cuales tendrán efectos en su ambiente” y finalmente, se diseñó una Escala Breve de Impacto Psicosocial en Emergencias y Desastres (EIPS-ED) como producto útil para realizar diagnósticos rápidos y eficaces de la salud mental e IPS de las personas expuestas a eventos impactantes como el ocurrido el 27/F en Chile. Palabras Clave: Impacto psicosocial, desastres, terremoto, estrés post traumático, crecimiento postraumático,

Mechanochemical treatment in high-shear thermokinetic mixer as an alternative for tire recycling

This publication highlights the use of a high-speed thermokinetic mixer as an alternative to recycling ground tire rubber (GTR) using mechanochemical treatment. The GTR initially had a gelled fraction of 80% and presented a reduction of up to 50% of gel fraction in the most intensive condition (5145 rpm, n2 ). The processing condition at the lowest speed (2564 rpm, n1 ) resulted in greater selectivity in chain scission (K~1). However, in the most intense processing condition (10 min to n2 ), more significant degradation was observed via random scission, reduction in the glass transition temperature, Tg (11 ◦C), increase in the soluble polymeric fraction, and a more significant reduction in the density of bonds occurs. The artificial neural network could describe and correlate the thermal degradation profile with the processing conditions and the physicochemical characteristics of the GTR. The n2 velocity resulted in the formation of particles with a smoother and more continuous surface, which is related to the increase in the amount of soluble phase. The approach presented here represents an alternative to the mechanochemical treatment since it can reduce the crosslink density with selectivity and in short times (1–3 min)