A Simple and Sensitive HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride and Sitagliptin Phosphate in Tablet Dosage Form

A simple, rapid, and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for simultaneous estimation of two antidiabetic drugs, metformin hydrochloride and sitagliptin phosphate, in tablet dosage form has been developed and validated. Chromatography was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates with butanol : water : glacial acetic acid (6 : 2 : 2, v/v/v) as mobile phase. This system gave a good resolution for metformin hydrochloride ( value of 0.35 ± 0.01) and sitagliptin phosphate ( value of 0.75 ± 0.01). Detection and quantification were carried out at 227 nm. The linear regression data for the calibration plot showed a good relationship with and 0.9991 for metformin hydrochloride and sitagliptin phosphate, respectively. The method was validated for precision and recovery. The limits of detection and quantification were 13.05 and 39.56 ng/μL for metformin hydrochloride and 2.65 and 8.03 ng/μL for sitagliptin phosphate, respectively. The amounts of the drugs in the marketed formulation were 99.86% and 98.91% for metformin hydrochloride and sitagliptin phosphate, respectively

Study of the Morbidity and the Mortality Pattern in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care teaching Hospital in Gandhinagar District, Gujarat, India

Background: Neonates are vulnerable and fragile beings. Many of them would fall sick despite precautions and care, especially in resource poor home settings. The early identification of serious illness and seeking care are key areas in averting neonatal morbidity and mortality. So, if we aware of morbidity and mortality pattern it is helpful to divert resources in proper direction. Aim: Study the morbidity and mortality patterns in a NICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: This hospital based retrospective study was carried out in the NICU, at Civil Hospital, Gandhinagar, for a period of 1 year. After tacking ethical permission from Institutional Ethical Committee and administrative permission from medical superintendent, medical files of the neonates were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Male (56.36%) and female (43.36%) neonates ratio was 1.29: 1. Five hundred and fifty seven babies (67.51%) were born in this hospital and 288 (32.49%) babies were referred from peripheral hospitals and nursing homes. The chief causes of admission in NICU were RDS (31.64%) followed by MAS (24%), jaundice (16.73%) and sepsis/pneumonia/meningitis (11.64%). Out of the 86 deaths, 13 deaths (15.12%) occurred in the normal birth weight group, while 73 deaths (84.88%) occurred in the less than 2.5kg birth weight group. Conclusion: Respiratory distress syndrome, Meconium Aspiration Syndrome, neonatal sepsis, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and HIE as the major causes of morbidity. With Low Birth Weight and prematurity being the commonest contributors of death, attempts to prolong the pregnancy each week might improve the neonatal outcome considerably

IN SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING AND PHARMACOKINETIC PREDICTION OF GALLIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS PPAR-γ AGONISTS

Objective: To perform molecular docking and pharmacokinetic prediction of gallic acid derivatives as Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist for the treatment of diabetes.Methods: Molecular docking study on gallic acid and different derivatives of gallic acid was performed using GOLD v5.2 software. In addition to this, all the derivatives were analysed for drug likeliness, Lipinski's rule and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties using online tools like admet SAR, Molinspiration and Medchem designer.Results: Molecular docking studies reveals that SSP-12, SSP-13 and SSP-40 demonstrated significant binding to the PPAR-γ receptor with good Gold score fitness (73.11, 69.86 and 75.51 respectively) and relative ligand energy (-8.26,-8.33 and-7.82, respectively) as compared to standard drugs i.e. rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, (64.10 and 66.72) and (-4.30 and-2.47) respectively.Conclusion: The final results of molecular docking along with information gathered from pharmacokinetic parameters of gallic acid derivatives may be utilised further for the development of newer PPAR-γ agonists having anti-diabetic potential with better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile

Lifestyle, dietary and treatment adherence pattern of uncontrolled diabetics in coastal Karnataka, India

Background: Diabetes Mellitus shows a rising trend in India, driven by a combination of factors like sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet and tobacco use. The cornerstone for interventions to reduce this is lifestyle modification. Aim & Objective: This study aims to determine lifestyle behaviours among uncontrolled diabetics in rural South India. Settings and Design: This is a pilot study conducted as part of a community trial which enrolled uncontrolled diabetics (Glycosylated haemoglobin, HbA1C of 7% or more) selected from baseline survey of 2 RBS readings. Methods and Material: The sociodemographic details, lifestyle habits and treatment adherence of eligible participants were recorded with a validated questionnaire. Statistical analysis used: Data was compared among 2 groups of poor glycaemic control using Chi square test. Results: There was no significant association of age or gender with HbA1C levels. Majority were non-smokers, non-alcoholics and did not exercise. Higher proportions of those with hospital admissions, longer duration of disease and less frequent check-ups had poor control; but these were not statistically significant. Dietary control was inadequate. However, there were no significant association of dietary habits with poor control. Conclusions: Although overall adherence to medication and follow up was satisfactory, lifestyle modification is not being sufficiently followed

Clinicodemographic profile of the cases presented with extra pulmonary manifestations during covid 19 pandemic in a tertiary covid care centre at SVPIMSR

Aims and objectives: To study severity of COVID 19 virus on various systems in body other than pulmonary system, To foresee adverse outcome of patient who were affected with COVID 19 pneumonia with prominent extra pulmonary manifestations. Methods: A retrospective observational study done in 100 cases of COVID 19 positive patients admitted to SVPIMSR and developed extrapulmonary manifestations over a period of 1 ST April 2020 to 31ST May 2021.Results: Mean age was 60.94 ± 13.91 years and maximum patients were in the age group of 70-79 years, predominantly male were found to have extrapulmonary manifestations, in which cardiovascular system was most commonly involved.COVID-19 patients who developed cardiovascular manifestations had multiple comorbidities.In our study overall mortality was 63% and 53% patients with cardiovascular manifestations were deceased.Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 may develop extrapulmonary manifestations besides respiratory symptoms. As an emergency physician we should be very careful while managing COVID-19 patients for developing extrapulmonary manifestations. By this we can improve patient‘s survival and reduce mortality. This study guides us for future pandemics of SARS-CoV 2 and we can focus extrapulmonary manifestations beyond pulmonary manifestations

A survey of intrusion detection techniques in Cloud

Cloud computing provides scalable, virtualized on-demand services to the end users with greater flexibility and lesser infrastructural investment. These services are provided over the Internet using known networking protocols, standards and formats under the supervision of different managements. Existing bugs and vulnerabilities in underlying technologies and legacy protocols tend to open doors for intrusion. This paper, surveys different intrusions affecting availability, confidentiality and integrity of Cloud resources and services. It examines proposals incorporating Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in Cloud and discusses various types and techniques of IDS and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), and recommends IDS/IPS positioning in Cloud architecture to achieve desired security in the next generation networks

Financial incentive- Does this have impact on outcome of Tuberculosis?

Background: Although most public services provide tests and TB drugs free of charge worldwide, opportunity costs pose barriers to accessing TB services and treatment. 'Kumar Raajratna Bhimrao Ambedkar Vaidakiya Sahay Yojana (KRBAVSY)' popularly known as Free Medical Aid Scheme is in operation in Gujarat since early 70s for SC and since 1991 for SEBC to provide monetary incentive. Primary objective: Evaluation of utilization and effectiveness of Financial incentives given under Free Medical Aids scheme on RNTCP in Gujarat. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken in which all TB patients registered under RNTCP in Gandhinagar district were evaluated for their eligibility for KRBAVSY scheme, and whether eligible patients got benefit or not. Also, treatment outcome of patients were compared. Results: Out of total 1430 patients inquired, 896 (62.7%) patients were found eligible for the scheme, while only 87 (9.7%) patients confirmed that they had got the benefit of scheme. Eligible patients who got benefit under scheme had almost five times higher odds of successful outcome of TB treatment. Conclusion: The TB patients who got benefit of KRBAVSY scheme had significantly better successful treatment outcome in comparison to the TB patients who did not get benefit

An explorative study comparing the knowledge of tobacco use and tobacco cessation program among school going boys and girls : a study in Ahmedabad district in Western India

Abstract: Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is the study of finger prints from toes, fingers palms, and soles of animals and humans. Dermatoglyphic examination is opening up as an exceptionally tool for initial investigations into circumstances with an alleged genetic basis. The current study was conducted to determine worthiness of dermatoglyphics in prophesying genetic vulnerability of children to dental caries via cost-effective means. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was undertaken on 100 children of age group between 4–14 years divided equally into two groups namely: Caries-free group (def/DMF score “0”) and Caries group (def/DMF score more than or equal to “5”). Both were subdivided into 25 males and 25 females. Each child’s handprints were taken and observed for dermatoglyphic pattern; total finger ridge count TFRc and atd angle. Results: Whorls were found more in caries group whereas ulnar loops were more common in caries free group. Total finger ridge count was significantly higher in caries group. The atd angles did not show any significant differences among caries and caries free group. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphic pattern variation may be an impor-tant tool in identification of people at risk of developing dental caries, which will enable an early detection and prevention of the disease

An explorative study comparing the knowledge of tobacco use and tobacco cessation program among school going boys and girls : a study in Ahmedabad district in Western India

Abstract: Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is the study of finger prints from toes, fingers palms, and soles of animals and humans. Dermatoglyphic examination is opening up as an exceptionally tool for initial investigations into circumstances with an alleged genetic basis. The current study was conducted to determine worthiness of dermatoglyphics in prophesying genetic vulnerability of children to dental caries via cost-effective means. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was undertaken on 100 children of age group between 4–14 years divided equally into two groups namely: Caries-free group (def/DMF score “0”) and Caries group (def/DMF score more than or equal to “5”). Both were subdivided into 25 males and 25 females. Each child’s handprints were taken and observed for dermatoglyphic pattern; total finger ridge count TFRc and atd angle. Results: Whorls were found more in caries group whereas ulnar loops were more common in caries free group. Total finger ridge count was significantly higher in caries group. The atd angles did not show any significant differences among caries and caries free group. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphic pattern variation may be an impor-tant tool in identification of people at risk of developing dental caries, which will enable an early detection and prevention of the disease

A study on prevalence of chewing form of tobacco and existing quitting patterns in urban population of Jamnagar, Gujarat

Background: Awareness towards tobacco hazards has increased with time but its role alone towards cessation is questionable. With widespread menace of tobacco in developing countries like India, not much tobacco chewing prevalence and their quitting patterns data are available in urban Saurashtra region. Objectives: 1. To find out prevalence of various forms of chewing tobacco and quitting attitudes in urban Jamnagar. 2. To study quitting patterns in relation with age of habit initiation, family background and habit duration. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study involving 2513 individuals as study population by 30-cluster sampling method. The study was carried out between June 2007 and March 2008. Pre-set, pre-tested questionnaire was used for interview purpose and the statistical analysis was done on proportion basis. Results: About 37.2% of study population was ever-tobacco-chewers; 32.9% of them were current-chewers and 4.3% were quitters. Approximately 28.4% of current-consumers were willing to quit. Mawa-masala (63.7%) and Gutka (57.6%) were preferred forms of chewing tobacco and 57.5% of the current-chewers chewed tobacco six to eight times a day. Tobacco initiation age between 20 and 30 years was commoner among quitters (84.2%), while a little younger in current-consumers (76.5%). About 58.3% quitters and 74.0% chewers showing willingness to quit had not consumed tobacco for more than five years, 63.8% of current-chewers had a family member consuming tobacco. With initiation of health problems, 72.2% subjects quit and 55.5% of them already knew about health hazards. Conclusions: Every 4 out of 10 residents was found to be exposed to chewing tobacco. With Mawa-masala and Gutka being the predominant forms, habit onset in late adolescence, years of consumption and family exposure seem to be hampering quitting. Awareness about tobacco hazards alone does not appear to be resulting in successful quitting