Overview of metal contacts technology on semiconductor

Over the past decades, researcher confronts new difficulties and breakthrough due to semiconductor innovation and these chances are evident in the endeavours that have been laid by semiconductor and optoelectronic devices. Semiconductor defined as a material which conducts electricity conditionally, hence making it useful in controlling for optoelectronic devices. It possesses intermediate conductivity, ranging between a conductor and an insulator. The superiority of metal-semiconductor plays a significant role in the performances of semiconductor devices and it is a powerful tool for improving performance in many areas of modern life

Effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on Pt/Ag thin film metal contacts

This study focused on the effect of laser annealing on Pt/Ag metal contacts deposited on Silicon, (Si) substrates. DC sputtering was used to deposit the metal thin films on the Si. The samples were treated by annealing using pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Then, the samples were characterized based on its morphological, optical, structural and electrical properties. From surface morphological, it is clearly shown that the surface roughness of the laser annealed sample is smoother than the as-deposited sample. The calculated energy band gap was obtained as 1.38 eV. For electrical properties, the resistivity for laser anneal was lower compared to as-deposited sample, which are 5.10 × 10-4 ohm-cm and 1.37 × 10-3 ohm-cm respectively. The conductivity increases when the resistivity decreases

PPPL Thin Client Memanfaatkan XML-RPC Sebagai Sarana Transaksi Data Form Berbentuk XML Dengan Server Python dan Client Menggunakan Delphi

Protokol XML-RPC memungkinkan suatu aplikasi client server dikembangkan dengan mudah. Penanganan request antara client dan server dapat dibangun secara cepat dengan menggunakan fungsi fungsi yang sudah tersedia. Data yang dikomunikasikanpun dapat dalam bentuk yang bermacam macam. Format data yang dikomunikasikan antara client dan server pada system berbasis protokol xml-rpc pada dasarnya diserahkan kepada programmer. Programmer bebas untuk menentukan bagaimana bentuk suatu data harus dikomunikasikan. Data dapat saja berupa struct dengan isi yang beraneka ragam. Data dapat pula berbentuk array dengan panjang tertentu dan struktur tertentu pula. Untuk memudahkan dalam proses pembuatan aplikasi dan memudahkan da/am proses rebuilding aplikasi, maka tugas akhir ini memfokuskan menggunakan data XML sebagai data yang dikomunikasikan antara client dengan server yang mana disini menggunakan python. Data yang dikomunikasikan disini kemudian dikembangkan /agi untuk mendukung pengembangan sistem adaptif desktop pada client. Data yang dikomunikasikan bukan hanya berupa data yang berasa/ dari database untuk ditampilkan namun juga data yang merupakan interpretasi dari tampilan form yang akan ditampilkan kepada user. Data form xml ini berisi bagaimana tampilan suatu form tersebut akan ditampi/kan kepada user. Data juga dapat berupa sintaks fungsi yang berjalan pada saat user melakukan aksi terhadap form tersebut. Data form xml tersebut kemudian digenerate pada saat runtime oleh client sehingga form yang diinginkan dapat tampil berikut juga fungsi fungsi yang menyertainya. Dengan bentuk seperti ini diharapkan nantinya bi/a terdapat perubahan pada aplikasi client yang mana perubahan tersebut berupa perubahan tampilan form ataupun perubahan fungsi maka perubahan tersebut cuku

Dentigerous Cyst of Inflammatory origin: a Diagnostic Challenge

Odontogene ciste obično se otkrivaju tijekom rutinskoga pregleda u stomatološkoj ordinaciji, a prema podrijetlu mogu biti razvojne ili upalne. Obično su destruktivne za okolne strukture - kako za kost tako i za zube. Moramo istaknuti da različite vrste cista vrlo često radiografski i histopatološki daju sličnu kliničku sliku. U takvim slučajevima točna dijagnoza ovisi o korelaciji svih navedenih nalaza. Dentinogene ciste su one koje zatvara kruna neniklih zuba širenjem folikula i - kako je prirasla na vrat zuba - obično je u vezi s nekim od zuba koji još nisu niknuli. Zna se također da progresija upale od apeksa mliječnog zuba potiče nastanak dentinogenih cista oko nenikloga trajnog zuba. U ovom je članku opisan jedan takav rijedak slučaj upalne dentinogene ciste (IDC-a) u području lijevoga mandibularnog očnjaka kod dvanaestogodišnjeg dječaka. Terapija je bila enikleacija ciste zajedno sa zubom.Odontogenic cysts are commonly encountered in routine dental practice and can be developmental or inflammatory in origin. These are often destructive to both teeth and jaws. In many instances, different types of cysts exhibit similar findings clinically, radiographically & histopathologically. In such cases, accurate diagnosis depends on co-relation of all these findings. A dentigerous cyst is one that encloses the crown of an unerupted tooth by expansion of its follicle and is attached to the neck of the tooth and it is usually associated with any of the unerupted tooth. It is also been reported that progressing inflammation from the root apex of the deciduous tooth brings about the development of the dentigerous cyst around the unerupted permanent tooth. One such rare case of inflammatory dentigerous cyst (IDC) in left mandibular canine region in a 12 year old boy is presented in this article, which was treated by enucleation of the cyst along with the tooth

Comparative study of infrared Nd:YAG pulsed laser radiation on Pt thin film

This paper investigated on infrared Nd:YAG pulsed laser radiation on platinum (Pt) thin films. Pt thin films were deposited on Si by DC magnetron sputtering. Then, the deposited thin films were radiated by infrared Nd:YAG pulse laser at different laser energy. The radiated thin films were analysed based on the electrical and surface morphological properties. Four-point probe measurement shows that, the lowest resistivity was recorded when the energy laser are 110-170 mJ. Surface morphology scanned by scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the surface of sample with lowest resistivity after radiated with laser is smoother than the as-deposited thin films. After laser radiation, the grain sizes of thin films increases due to the grain agglomeration on the surface area

Sheikh Nuruddin Al-Raniri Description Of Heaven In Bad 'Al-Khalq Al-Samawat Wa Al-Ard [MSS 1517(A)]

Sheikh Nuruddin al-Raniri (d. 1658) is a renowned scholar in the Malay archipelago during the rule of Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641 AD) in Acheh. He had authored 35 works on various disciplines of Islam and Bad 'al-Khalq al-Samawat wa al-Ard describes the concept of heaven genesis in Jawi manuscript MSS1517 (A). This article is a preliminary analysis of the manuscript focusing on excerpts of al-Raniri's exposition on the meaning of heaven and its categories. That heaven has respective names and inhabitants in the Day of Judgment.  Study on the biography of al-Raniri and the written scripture was conducted by analyzing al-Raniri's thinking pattern, which was extracted from the book. Moreover, the concept of the natural phenomenon was explained and discussed intensively following Islamic thinking. Then each phrase and al-Raniri’s ideology was clearly defined base on the interpretation of Qur’an and hadiths. Result of this study shows that the writing method done by al-Raniri was mostly focusing on imagining the condition of a specific place in heaven. Keywords: al-Raniri; Bad 'al-Khalq al-Samawat wa al-Ard; heaven; earth eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.230

Penetapan had kifayah zakat pelajar di UiTM: Satu keperluan / Baharuddin Sayin … [et al.]

Had kifayah pelajar IPT adalah satu ukuran kecukupan seseorang untuk menanggung perbelanjaan bagi keperluan asas dirinnya semasa belajar di IPT. Keperluan asas yang lengkap termasuklah aspek perlindungan, makanan, pakaian, perubatan, pendidikan dan pengangkutan. Kadar had kifayah boleh berubah mengikut kos semasa dan setempat yang terpaksa ditanggung oleh seseorang pelajar. Kemelut ekonomi yang melanda negara kita pada hari ini memerlukan kepada penetapan kadar had kifayah yang baru sesuai dengan kehendak ekonomi semasa. Justeru, objektif artikel ini adalah untuk melihat amalan dalam penetapan kadar had kifayah negeri-negeri di Malaysia dan IPT khususnya UiTM. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah perpustakaan dan temubual sebagai medium pengumpulan data dan maklumat. Dapatan dalam artikel ini menjelaskan bahawa wujud perbezaan kadar ketika menetapkan had kifayah antara negeri-negeri di Malaysia dan belum ada kajian tentang had kifayah di IPT khususnya di UiTM

Evaluation of the protective effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction from palm oil on the dentate gyrus following chronic restraint stress in rats

Exposure to chronic restraint stress has been shown to cause a number of morphological changes in the hippocampal formation of rats. Tocotrienol, an isoform of vitamin E, exhibits numerous health benefits, different from those of tocopherol. Recent studies have demonstrated that tocotrienol prevents stressinduced changes in the gastric mucosa, thus indicating that it may also protect other organs such as the brain from the damaging effects of stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) extracted from palm oil on the dentate gyrus of rats following exposure to chronic restraint stress. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, stress, tocotrienol and combination of stress and tocotrienol. Animals were stressed by restraining them for 5 hours every day for 21 consecutive days. TRF was administered via oral gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. Our results showed that the plasma corticosterone level was significantly increased in response to stress, compared to the control. The results confirmed previous findings that chronic restraint stress suppresses cellular proliferation and reduces granule cell number in the dentate gyrus. However, TRF supplementation failed to prevent or minimize these stressinduced changes. Therefore, we conclude that TRF at the current dosage is not effective in preventing the morphological changes in the dentate gyrus induced by chronic restraint stress

Improved resistivity and surface morphology of laser treated Cr/Pd metal contact sputter deposited on Si

In this paper Cr/Pd metal contacts were deposited on Si by using DC magnetron sputtering. The metal contacts were treated using infrared Nd:YAG pulsed laser at different laser pulse energy. The metal contacts were characterized based on electrical, optical and morphology properties by using four-point probes, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Measurement obtained from four point probes shown lowest resistivity values for post treatment sample after treated with 25 mJ laser pulsed energy. The measured value is 6.75 × 10-5 Ohm-cm as compared to the as-deposited sample of 1.060 × 10-4 Ohm-cm. The scanned data using UV-Vis shown the characteristics of the thin metal contacts to absorbing light spectrum, whereas reflect light in visible wavelength range. Meanwhile, AFM results confirmed the post-treatment sample has smoother surface as compared to the as-deposited sample

Optoelectronic simulation properties of transparent conducting indium tin oxide for solar cell application

The flexible and unique features of indium tin oxide (ITO) have continued to qualify this material for used in wide range of optoelectronic applications. Optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide were investigated using a computer simulation (Matlab program). Derived models of ITO comprising transmission, resistivity and optical absorption were used to examine and validate the trend features of the ITO transparent conductive material. All the models parameters used in this study were within the limit range values of the material and have found to affect changes in the electronic and optical properties of indium tin oxide. Data obtained in this work were compared with the experimental findings. The attractive features of the results indicate that the models used can be further manipulated to extract other parameters such as reflectance and temperature dependent transmittance