Poboljšanje uspješnosti prognoze oborine nad Indijom primjenom metode višemodelskog ansambla

In this paper a Multi-Model Ensemble (MM E) technique is experimented for improving day to day rainfall forecast over India in short to medium range time scale during summer monsoon of 2010. Four operational global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models namely, ECMWF, JMA, NCEP GFS and UKMO available on real time basis at India Meteorological Department (IMD), New Delhi are used simultaneously with appropriate weights to obtain the MME Technique. In this technique, weights for each NWP model at each grid point is assigned on the basis of the correlation coefficient (CC) between model forecasts and observed daily rainfall time series of south west monsoon (JJAS) season. Apart from MM E, a simple ensemble mean (ENSM ) forecast are also generated and experimented. The rainfall prediction skill of the weighted MM E is examined against ENSM and member models. The inter-comparison reveals that the weighted MM E is able to provide more accurate forecast of rainfall over Indian monsoon region by taking the strength of each constituent member model. It has been further found that the rainfall prediction skill of MM E is higher as compared to ENSM and member models in the short range time scale. The rainfall prediction skill of weighted MM E technique improved significantly over India.U ovom radu primijenjena je metoda višemodelskog ansambla (MME) s ciljem poboljšanja kratkoročnih do srednjoročnih dnevnih prognoza količine oborine nad Indijom tijekom ljetnog monsuna 2010. godine. pri tome su istovremeno te s odgovarajućim težinama korištena četiri operativna globalna modela za numeričku prognozu vremena (NWP): ECMWF, JMA, NCEP, GFS i UKMO, a koji su na raspolaganju u realnom vremenu pri Indijskom meteorološkom odsjeku (IMD) u New Delhiju. Težine za svaki NWP model u svakoj točki mreže pridijeljene su na temelju koeficijenta korelacije (CC) između modelskih prognoza i mjerenog niza dnevne količine oborine za sezonu jugozapadnog monsuna (od lipnja do rujna). Pored MME, generirane su i ispitane jednostavne prognoze dobivene srednjakom ansambla (ENSM). Uspješnost prognoze količine oborine dobivene MME metodom procijenjena je usporedbom rezultata dobivenih tom metodom i onih na temelju ENSM te sa svakim pojedinačnim modelom. Međusobna usporedba pokazuje da metoda MME točnije prognozira količinu oborine u području indijskog monsuna ponderiranjem doprinosa svakog pojedinog modela u ansamblu. Nadalje, utvrđena je veća uspješnost kratkoročnih prognoza količine oborine pomoću metode mmE u odnosu na rezultate metode ENSM te u odnosu na prognoze pojedinačnih modela ansambla. Primjena ponderirane metode MME značajno poboljšava uspješnost prognoze količine oborine nad Indijom

Alu-miRNA interactions modulate transcript isoform diversity in stress response and reveal signatures of positive selection

Primate-specific Alus harbor different regulatory features, including miRNA targets. In this study, we provide evidence for miRNA-mediated modulation of transcript isoform levels during heat-shock response through exaptation of Alu-miRNA sites in mature mRNA. We performed genome-wide expression profiling coupled with functional validation of miRNA target sites within exonized Alus, and analyzed conservation of these targets across primates. We observed that two miRNAs (miR-15a-3p and miR-302d-3p) elevated in stress response, target RAD1, GTSE1, NR2C1, FKBP9 and UBE2I exclusively within Alu. These genes map onto the p53 regulatory network. Ectopic overexpression of miR-15a-3p downregulates GTSE1 and RAD1 at the protein level and enhances cell survival. This Alu-mediated fine-tuning seems to be unique to humans as evident from the absence of orthologous sites in other primate lineages. We further analyzed signatures of selection on Alu-miRNA targets in the genome, using 1000 Genomes Phase-I data. We found that 198 out of 3177 Alu-exonized genes exhibit signatures of selection within Alu-miRNA sites, with 60 of them containing SNPs supported by multiple evidences (global-FST > 0.3, pair-wise-FST > 0.5, Fay-Wu's H  2.0, high ΔDAF) and implicated in p53 network. We propose that by affecting multiple genes, Alu-miRNA interactions have the potential to facilitate population-level adaptations in response to environmental challenges

Micro evolution of bitter taste domain drugs

Ayurveda classified the drugs in various ways and one of which the classification is based on Rasa (taste) dominancy. Rasa is essential to identify drugs and to know its therapeutic application. In this study the drug has been selected according to Charaka classification of Tikta Rasa (bitter taste) drugs with an aim to find out the similar characters among all the drugs having bitter Rasa dominancy. Till date there is no data available regarding the pharmacognostical evaluation in concern bitter taste. For the first time selected five bitter drugs are subjected to various pharmacognostical evaluation, result reveals that Organoleptic characters of all five drugs give bitter taste, microscopic evaluation revealed that presence of starch grain, vessels, fiber , brown content are dominant in all five raw drug and all the five powder subjected to alkaloid test by using dragondroff reagent and give positive result for alkaloid

Thermodynamics of Plasmaballs and Plasmarings in 3+1 Dimensions

We study localized plasma configurations in 3+1 dimensional massive field theories obtained by Scherk-Schwarz compactification of 4+1 dimensional CFT to predict the thermodynamic properties of localized blackholes and blackrings in Scherk-Schwarz compactified $AdS_6$ using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We present an exact solution to the relativistic Navier-Stokes equation in the thin ring limit of the fluid configuration. We also perform a thorough numerical analysis to obtain the thermodynamic properties of the most general solution. Finally we compare our results with the recent proposal for the phase diagram of blackholes in six flat dimensions and find some similarities but other differences.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, latex; v2: Typos corrected and new references adde

Adsorption Isotherms of Carbon Dioxide at 273°K on Adsorbent Carbons & Evaluation of Microporosity using Dubinin Equation

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Single and multiple ionization of CS<SUB>2</SUB> in intense laser fields: wavelength dependence and energetics

Single and multiple ionization of carbon disulphide by intense picosecond laser fields is the subject of this paper. Mass spectra were measured at five wavelengths from the infrared to the ultraviolet. In terms of the Keldysh adiabaticity parameter, we cover both the multiphoton and the tunnelling regimes. The dynamics of the dissociative ionization process is shown to be dependent upon the regime in which the laser - molecule interaction occurs. Resonances, which may be possible and which could access electronically excited states of the molecule, appear to play little part in the dynamics. Ion abundances have been measured as a function of laser intensity in the tunnelling regime; no correlation is found between measured values of saturation intensity and zero-field molecular properties such as dissociation or ionization thresholds and ionization energies. In addition, the covariance mapping technique is applied to study the dissociation dynamics of multiply charged ions at 1064 nm. The measured values of kinetic energy release accompanying formation of fragment ion-pairs are very much less than those measured in single-photon and electron-impact experiments. It is postulated that this reduction may be a manifestation of the extent to which potential energy surfaces of CS24+ ions are `flattened' by the action of the intense, linearly polarized laser radiation, akin to the bond-softening process that has been observed in the case of diatomic molecules. Our observations indicate that distortion of molecular potential energy surfaces may be the dominating feature in intense laser - molecule interactions

Ultraspinning instability of anti-de Sitter black holes

Myers-Perry black holes with a single spin in d>5 have been shown to be unstable if rotating sufficiently rapidly. We extend the numerical analysis which allowed for that result to the asymptotically AdS case. We determine numerically the stationary perturbations that mark the onset of the instabilities for the modes that preserve the rotational symmetries of the background. The parameter space of solutions is thoroughly analysed, and the onset of the instabilities is obtained as a function of the cosmological constant. Each of these perturbations has been conjectured to represent a bifurcation point to a new phase of stationary AdS black holes, and this is consistent with our results.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures. v2: Reference added. Matches published versio

Benchmarking the ability of novel compounds to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 main protease using steered molecular dynamics simulations

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is an attractive target in the COVID-19 drug development process. It catalyzes the polyprotein's translation from viral RNA and specifies a particular cleavage site. Due to the absence of identical cleavage specificity in human cell proteases, targeting Mpro with chemical compounds can obstruct the replication of the virus. Methods: To explore the potential binding mechanisms of 1,2,3-triazole scaffolds in comparison to co-crystallized inhibitors 11a and 11b towards Mpro, we herein utilized molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling simulation studies. Results and conclusion: All the 1,2,3-triazole scaffolds interacted with catalytic residues (Cys145 and His41) and binding pocket residues of Mpro involving Met165, Glu166, Ser144, Gln189, His163, and Met49. Furthermore, the adequate binding free energy and potential mean force of the topmost compound 3h was comparable to the experimental inhibitors 11a and 11b of Mpro. Overall, the current analysis could be beneficial in developing the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro potential inhibitors. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd5058; Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, DBT; Indian Council of Medical Research, ICMR; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, CSIR; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 075-15-2020-777We gratefully acknowledge to the Director, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur for providing the facilities to carry out this work. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency. The work was carried out under the aegis of the Himalayan Centre for High-throughput Computational Biology (HiCHiCoB), a BIC supported by DBT. The CSIR support in the form of projects MLP:0201 and OLP:0043 for bioinformatics studies is highly acknowledged. R. S. expresses gratitude to the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India for providing Senior Research Fellowship. G.V.Z. acknowledge the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the grant agreement as government subsidies from the Federal budget in accordance with paragraph 4 of article 78.1 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation (Moscow, October 1, 2020, No. 075-15-2020-777). This manuscript represents CSIR-IHBT communication no. 5058.We gratefully acknowledge to the Director, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur for providing the facilities to carry out this work. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency. The work was carried out under the aegis of the Himalayan Centre for High-throughput Computational Biology (HiCHiCoB), a BIC supported by DBT. The CSIR support in the form of projects MLP:0201 and OLP:0043 for bioinformatics studies is highly acknowledged. R. S. expresses gratitude to the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India for providing Senior Research Fellowship. G.V.Z. acknowledge the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the grant agreement as government subsidies from the Federal budget in accordance with paragraph 4 of article 78.1 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation (Moscow, October 1, 2020, No. 075-15-2020-777). This manuscript represents CSIR-IHBT communication no. 5058