'"Lebendiges! Was nützt der tote Kram!" Büchner im Sprachunterricht Deutsch als Fremdsprache

El texto expone un proyecto didáctico sobre Georg Büchner en un curso monográfico (nivel MCER C1) llevado a cabo por la autora en el curso 2010/11 en el Instituto Goethe de Madrid. Reivindica el trabajo con la literatura reivindicativa del autor del Woyzeck por su fuerza creativa y capacidad ilustrativa de las continuidades de la historia social, política y cultural de Alemania, como la pobreza, la explotación o el conformismo. Propone igualmente el debate sobre las analogías con la situación actual en España y Alemania.Beschrieben wird ein didaktisches Projekt über die Figur Georg Büchners, das die Autorin im Rahmen eines monografischen DaF- Seminars (Niveau C1 GER) im Kurs 2010/11 am Goethe-Institut Madrid entwickelte. Die Arbeit mit den ketzerischen Texten Büchners rechtfertigt sich durch ihre literarische Gröβe und ihre Fähigkeit, einige Kontinuitäten der deutschen Sozialgeschichte, wie Armut, Ausbeutung und Konformismus darzulegen. Weiterhin wird im Unterricht die Debatte über die Analogien zur gegenwärtigen Situation in Spanien angeregt

Scan strategies for wind profiling with Doppler lidar – an large-eddy simulation (LES)-based evaluation

Doppler-lidar scan techniques for wind profiling rely on the assumption of a horizontally homogeneous wind field and stationarity for the duration of the scan. As this condition is mostly violated in reality, detailed knowledge of the resulting measurement error is required. The objective of this study is to quantify and compare the expected error associated with Doppler-lidar wind profiling for different scan strategies and meteorological conditions by performing virtual Doppler-lidar measurements implemented in a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. Various factors influencing the lidar retrieval error are analyzed through comparison of the wind measured by the virtual lidar with the “true” value generated by the LES. These factors include averaging interval length, zenith angle configuration, scan technique and instrument orientation (cardinal direction). For the first time, ensemble simulations are used to determine the statistically expected uncertainty of the lidar error. The analysis reveals a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of less than 1 m s−1 for 10 min averages of wind speed measurements in a moderately convective boundary layer, while RMSD exceeds 2 m s−1 in strongly convective conditions. Unlike instrument orientation with respect to the main flow and scanning scheme, the zenith angle configuration proved to have significant effect on the retrieval error. Horizontal wind speed error is reduced when a larger zenith angle configuration is used but is increased for measurements of vertical wind. Furthermore, we find that extending the averaging interval length of lidar measurements reduces the error. In addition, a longer duration of a full scan cycle and hence a smaller number of scans per averaging interval increases the error. Results suggest that the scan strategy has a measurable impact on the lidar retrieval error and that instrument configuration should be chosen depending on the quantity of interest and the flow conditions in which the measurement is performed

Determination of the Turbulent Temperature-Humidity Correlation from Scintillometric Measurements

We report on the investigation and successful application of the bichromatic correlation of optical and microwave signals for determining the area-averaged correlation of temperature-humidity fluctuations. The additional technical effort is marginal compared to the common ‘two-wavelength method', which has (in contrast) the restriction that only two of the three relevant meteorological structure parameters can be deduced. Therefore, in the past, it was often assumed that the turbulent humidity and temperature fluctuations are perfectly positively or negatively correlated. However, as shown in this study, over non-homogeneous terrain when the flow conditions are not ideal, this assumption is questionable. The measurements were analysed statistically, and were compared to in situ measurements of the Bowen ratio Bo and the correlation of temperature-humidity fluctuations using eddy-covariance techniques. The latter is in good agreement to that derived by scintillometry. We found that the correlation is not ±1 but as low as −0.6 for Bo smaller than −2, and up to 0.8 for Bo larger than

Kierkegaards Gaben oder: Was es heißt, ein »guter Leser« zu sein

Kierkegaards Gaben oder: Was es heißt, ein »guter Leser« zu sei