Distribution of freshwater fish from the Southern Neotropics reveals three new areas of endemism and show diffuse limits among freshwater ecoregions

Ecoregions and areas of endemism are central concepts in biogeography. Based on collection records and the Endemic Analyses implemented with NDM/VNDM method we analyzed fish areas of endemism in the junction of three freshwater ecoregions related to the Rio de la Plata estuary (Lower Parana, Lower Uruguay, Laguna dos Patos) in Southern Neotropical region. Using two grid cell sizes,results obtained showed the same general patterns. Areas of endemism recovered were mainly associated either to Lower Uruguay or to Laguna dos Patos. In both ecoregions nested areas of endemism were identified within larger patterns of endemism. Noteworthy, one area recovered occurred across Lower Uruguay and Laguna dos Patos limits. Our results also suggest a revision of the Lower Uruguay and Lower Parana ecoregion limits, and highlight the relevance of the Rio de laPlata estuary as a barrier and corridor for freshwater fishes in the area.Fil: Bessonart, José. Laboratorio de Zoología de Vertebrados, Udelar; UruguayFil: Loureiro, Marcelo. Laboratorio de Zoología de Vertebrados, Udelar; UruguayFil: Guerrero, José Carlos. Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Udelar; UruguayFil: Szumik, Claudia Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentin

Distribution of freshwater fish from the Southern Neotropics reveals three new areas of endemism and show diffuse limits among freshwater ecoregions

Ecoregions and areas of endemism are central concepts in biogeography. Based on collection records and the Endemic Analyses implemented with NDM/VNDM method we analyzed fish areas of endemism in the junction of three freshwater ecoregions related to the Rio de la Plata estuary (Lower Parana, Lower Uruguay, Laguna dos Patos) in Southern Neotropical region. Using two grid cell sizes, results obtained showed the same general patterns. Areas of endemism recovered were mainly associated either to Lower Uruguay or to Laguna dos Patos. In both ecoregions nested areas of endemism were identified within larger patterns of endemism. Noteworthy, one area recovered occurred across Lower Uruguay and Laguna dos Patos limits. Our results also suggest a revision of the Lower Uruguay and Lower Parana ecoregion limits, and highlight the relevance of the Rio de la Plata estuary as a barrier and corridor for freshwater fishes in the area

Life history traits influence in gonad composition of two sympatric species of flatfish

Paralichthys orbignyanus and Paralichthys patagonicus are flatfish with different life history traits, having in common the condition of breeding in seawater. Paralichthys patagonicus remain their whole life in open seawater and Paralichthys orbignyanus are sometimes found in brackish water bodies. As marine and estuarine food webs have different fatty acid (FA) compositions, the aim of this study was to characterize the gonadal maturation of P. orbignyanus and P. patagonicus females through the analysis of lipid content and FA profile in order to understand to what extent life history traits are reflected in the ovarian composition. During gonadal maturation lipid content increased and FA profiles changed in both species, but the lipid increase was greater in P. orbignyanus. The N-3FA and n-3HUFA proportions increased in both species but were higher in P. orbignyanus. The differences between the lifestyles of these species were reflected in the ovarian FA profile mainly as a result of differences in their FA metabolism, causing a greater accumulation of n-3FA and n-3HUFA in P. orbignyanus than in P. patagonicus. The higher lipid accumulation in P. orbignyanus’ ovaries could indicate that this species, feeding in brackish water bodies, has the possibility of storing more energy than P. patagonicus.Paralichthys patagonicus e Paralichthys orbignyanusapresentam diferentes atributos nas suas histórias de vida, embora ambas se reproduzam no mar. Paralichthys patagonicus permanece toda a vida em águas abertas, enquanto P. orbignyanus é comumente encontrado em corpos de água salobra. Considerando que redes alimentares marinhas e estuarinas têm diferente composição de ácidos graxos (FA), o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a maturação gonadal de fêmeas de P. orbignyanus e P. patagonicus analisando o conteúdo lipídico e perfil FA, a fim de estabelecer se as diferenças nas histórias de vida são refletidas na composição do ovário. Durante a maturação gonadal, em ambas as espécies, houve aumento do teor lipídico e o perfil FA mudou, mas o incremento foi maior em orbignyanus. As proporções de N-3FA e n-3HUFA aumentaram em ambas as espécies, mas foram maiores em P. orbignyanus. As diferenças entre os estilos de vida destas espécies foram refletidas no perfil de FA dos ovários, principalmente como resultado das diferenças no metabolismo de FA, causando maior acúmulo de n-3FA e n-3HUFA em P. orbignyanus. O maior acúmulo de lipídios nos ovários de P. orbignyanus poderia indicar que esta espécie, ao se alimentar em águas salobras, tem a possibilidade de armazenar mais energia do que P. patagonicus

Permanencia de productores familiares en la Región Noreste de Uruguay: una aproximación desde los referentes institucionales

Deregulation and privatization policies that took place in the last 50 years created negative conditions to family farmers all over Latin America. Interpretations over the factors that determinate their permanence in rural areas have been diverse and not always concordant. This work approached this subject in the northeastern region of Uruguay from the vision of institutional referents. Results show that their permanence depends on the combination of positive and negative factors related to culture, profitability, access to public policies and services and infrastructure. Then, it is possible to assume that policies aiming to support this sector should take into account other factors than only productivity issues.Las políticas de desregulación y privatizaciones implementadas en los últimos 50 años generaron condiciones desfavorables para los productores familiares en toda América Latina. Las interpretaciones sobre los factores que determinan su permanencia en el medio rural han sido diversas y no siempre concordantes. En este trabajo, se buscó una aproximación al tema en la Región Noreste del Uruguay desde la percepción de referentes institucionales en el territorio. Los resultados muestran que su permanencia depende de la combinación de factores favorables y desfavorables de tipo culturales, de rentabilidad, de acceso a políticas públicas y de disponibilidad de servicios e infraestructuras. Es posible asumir que las políticas de apoyo al sector deberían trascender los aspectos productivos

comercialización y alquiler de bicicletas eléctricas

Incluye BibliografíaBe Green será un emprendimiento de comercialización y alquiler de bicicletas eléctricas que nace como propuesta de solución a la conjunción de problemas identificados en la ciudad de Montevideo tal como la congestión del tránsito, el desagrado del sistema de transporte público, problemas en la salud generados por el modelo de movilidad y tendencias mundiales que se basan en el nuevo paradigma de sustentabilidad. El aprovisionamiento de los productos estará a cargo de la empresa Changzhou Aimos Technology Co. ubicada en China. Se dispondrán inicialmente de cuatro modelos seleccionados y la posterior comercialización de dichos productos se hará en cuatro medios distintos: local comercial, un novedoso bike truck, Mercado Libre y un sitio web. El marketing se define como una de las actividades claves del proyecto ya que será necesario generar conocimiento de marca y producto en la sociedad montevideana. Para esto, se plantea una sociedad estratégica con la empresa Happen Marketing que será la encargada del desarrollo de esta actividad

Description of amino acid and fatty acid content during initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae), a carnivorous freshwater catfish

Samples of eggs, newly hatched larvae (NHL), and larvae at the end of the lecithotrophic period (eight days after hatching) (LPL) of Lophiosilurus alexandri were collected to determine the amino acid and fatty acid profiles. Crude protein did not change throughout initial development and the concentration of lipids was highest in NHL. The content of the indispensable amino acids (IAA) isoleucine, leucine, and valine decreased in LPL, while in eggs and NHL they remained high and similar in value. The dispensable amino acids (DAA), such as aspartic acid, tyrosine, and glycine, increased in LPL, while alanine decreased. The percentage of neutral lipids increased in LPL. The saturated fatty acid content decreased during ontogeny, while monounsaturated fatty acids decreased only in LPL. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in LP. Polar fatty acids were found in higher percentages in eggs and NHL, but lower in LPL. Saturated fatty acid content decreased during ontogenetic development, while that of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased only in LPL. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in LPL. Protein content was maintained during ontogenetic development, while amino acid classes experienced changes. Lophiosilurus alexandri preferentially uses saturated and monosaturated fatty acids as an energy source during its early development.Amostras de ovos, larvas recém-eclodidas (NHL) e larvas no final do período lecitotrófico (oito dias após a incubação)(LPL) de Lophiosilurus alexandri foram coletadas para determinar os perfis de aminoácidos e ácidos graxos. A proteína bruta não alterou durante o desenvolvimento inicial e a concentração de lipídios foi maior na NHL. O conteúdo dos aminoácidos indispensáveis (IAA) isoleucina, leucina e valina diminuíram em LPL, enquanto nos ovos e NHL eles permaneceram com valores elevados e semelhantes entre si. Os aminoácidos dispensáveis (DAA), como ácido aspártico, tirosina e glicina,aumentaram em LPL, enquanto a alanina diminuiu. A porcentagem de lipídios neutros aumentou em LPL. O teor de ácidos graxos saturados diminuiu durante a ontogenia, enquanto os ácidos graxos monoinsaturados diminuíram apenas em LPL. O teor de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados foi maior em LPL. Os ácidos graxos polares foram encontrados em porcentagens mais altas em ovos e NHL, e menores em LPL. O teor de ácidos graxos saturados reduziu durante o desenvolvimento ontogenético,enquanto que os ácidos graxos monoinsaturados diminuíram apenas em LPL. O teor de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados foi maior em LPL. O conteúdo de proteínas foi mantido durante o desenvolvimento ontogenético, enquanto as classes de aminoácidos sofreram mudanças. Lophiosilurus alexandri usa preferencialmente ácidos graxos saturados e monossaturados como fonte de energia durante o desenvolvimento inicial

Coping with suboptimal water temperature: modifications in blood parameters, body composition, and postingestive-driven diet selection in Nile tilapia fed two vegetable oil blends

The world tilapia production faces seasonal variations. However, very few nutritional studies have addressed suboptimal temperature. We evaluated the effect of two temperatures (20 or 30 °C) and two vegetable oil blends (one rich in corn oil (COR) and one rich linseed oil (LIN)) on tilapia growth, body composition, and blood parameters using a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following treatments: COR-20; LIN-20; COR-30; LIN-30 (Trial 1). In addition, we also evaluated the effect of postingestive signals of dietary oils when the organoleptic properties of diets were isolated (Trial 2). In the Trial 1, 256 fish (15.36 ± 0.14 g) were placed in 16 aquariums and submitted during 30 days to the 2 × 2 factorial designs: COR-20; LIN-20; COR-30; LIN-30. The temperatures were established in two independent water recirculation systems. In the Trial 2, 96 fish (34.02 ± 0.79 g) were placed in 12 aquariums and subjected to the same experimental design of Trial 1, but to evaluate fish feeding behavior. They were allowed to select the encapsulated diets provided in different feeding halls to evaluate if diet preferences are influenced by postingestive signals. As the Trial 1 results show, diets had no significant effects on growth, dietary protein use, and body centesimal composition, but 30 °C induced the best performance and protein deposition (P < 0.05). LIN-20 showed lower very-low-density lipoprotein and cortisol, but higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and triglycerides (TG) than COR-20 (P < 0.05). COR-30 presented higher HDL, AST, ALT, TG, and cortisol than LIN-30. The fish fed COR showed lower C20:5n-3 (EPA) and higher n-6 than fish fed LIN (P < 0.05). The fish fed LIN had high n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid. ∑ polyunsaturated fatty acid was higher at 30 °C. Finally, the tilapia in Trial 2 showed clear diet intake regulation and preference for LIN (P < 0.05), regardless of temperature. In short, lipid sources had no influence on tilapia performance; however, temperature affects carcass lipid deposition as well as fatty acids profile. Notably, the preference for linseed oil can suggest nutritional metabolic issues, contributing to animal behavior knowledge

Seasonal characterization of the diet and fatty acids profiles of juvenile Paralichthys orbignyanus (Jenyns, 1842)

Conocer la dieta de las especies y su variación temporal aporta a la comprensión de las relaciones tróficas y del rol de las especies en los ambientes. Los estuarios se caracterizan por presentar alta disponibilidad de alimento y refugio, constituyendo así áreas de cría para muchas especies acuáticas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la dieta de los juveniles de P. orbignyanus y su variación durante un año mediante el análisis del contenido estomacal y de marcadores lipídicos. Para ello se colectaron 78 juveniles de P. orbignyanus en el arroyo Valizas entre marzo y noviembre de 2012. La dieta estuvo compuesta mayoritariamente por poliquetos y misidiáceos, y no mostró diferencias significativas a lo largo del año (p>0,05). Sin embargo, en un análisis de correspondencia se observó que en mayo los poliquetos fueron dominantes, mientras que en noviembre predominaron los misidiáceos. Además, el perfil de ácidos grasos de los peces presentó una segregación temporal en la mayoría de las campañas, reflejando las variaciones estacionales de la dieta. El estudio del perfil de ácidos grasos de las presas permitirá realizar estimaciones cuantitativas más precisas de la dieta, ya que esta herramienta permite identificar presas de cuerpo blando, difíciles de detectar con otras metodologías.The refuge and high food availability found in estuaries turn them into nursery areas for many aquatic animals. In such environments, seasonal variation of prey availability also occurs. Knowledge on species diet composition and their temporal variations, contributes to the understanding of trophic interactions and the role that the species play in the ecosystem. Fatty acids (FA) serve as an approximation to detect temporal variation of the diet, since consumers FAreflect their prey FA. The objectives of this study were the analysis of the temporal variation of storage lipids' FAprofiles of juvenile Paralichthys orbignyanus,and the characterization of their diet and its seasonal variation throughout an annual cycle assessed by stomach contents. Juvenile flatfish (n=78) were collected in the Valizas stream from March to November 2012. Diet of P. orbignyanuswas mainly composed of polychaetes and misidiaceans, and the relative importance index did not varied significantly throughout the year (p>0.05). However, a correspondence analysis showed a dominance of polychaetes consumption in May and misidiaceans in November. Atemporal diet segregation in almost all seasons was observed through the analysis of fish fatty acid profiles, reflecting the seasonal variations of the diet

Lipid content and fatty acid dynamics of female muscle, oocytes and larvae of Prochilodus argenteus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)

This work aimed to determine fatty acid dynamics and lipid composition of female muscle, oocytes, newly hatched larvae (NHL) and first feeding larvae (FFL) of Prochilodus argenteus. Oocytes and NHL had the highest percentages of total lipids. Neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL) remained constant from oocytes through the larval stages (P < 0.05). Among NL, C18:2n 6 had its highest percentage in muscle (P < 0.05) and C18:3n 3 in muscle and oocytes. The highest percentages of arachidonic acid (AA) were in muscle and FFL. The highest percentages of n-9 and n-6 series were in muscle. The highest values of n-3HUFA were in the larval stages while the highest of n-6HUFA were in muscle and FFL. Percentage of ∑SFA in LN was highest in oocytes, NHL and FFL (P < 0.05) while ∑MUFA was highest in muscle, oocytes and NHL. The highest percentages of ∑PUFA were in muscle and FFL. For PL, however, C18:2n 6 and AA were highest in muscle (P < 0.05) while eicosapentaenoic acid was highest in muscle and oocytes. Percentage of ∑SFA in LP was highest in NHL and lowest in FFL and muscle. The highest percentage of ∑MUFA was in oocytes, NHL and FFL (P < 0.05). The highest percentages for series n-9 were in oocytes and FFL (P < 0.05), while the highest percentages for series n-6 were in muscle and oocytes. The lowest percentage for n-6HUFA was in NHL. The n-3 fatty acids were incorporated into the yolk from body reserves, which were stored prior to vitellogenesis and mobilized to the oocytes. The increase in docosahexaenoic acid reflects the ability of the species to lengthen and desaturate C18:3n 3 yielding n-3HUFA, thus demonstrating the importance of this fatty acid during early development

Boletín de precios de productos y servicios forestales - Zona: Centro y Sudoeste de Corrientes (Septiembre 2023)

Los datos e información contenida en este boletín surgen del relevamiento de precios de diferentes aserraderos, prestadores de servicio, viveros productores, plantas de impregnación de la zona centro y sur oeste de la provincia de Corrientes.EEA Bella VistaFil. Bessonart, Sebastián. Provincia de Corrientes. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación. Dirección de Producción Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Zabala, Juan Pablo. Provincia de Corrientes. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación. Dirección de Producción Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Genes, Pabla Yolanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Vera Bravo, Carlos David. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Zoilo, Oscar José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista. Agencia de Extensión Rural Goya; Argentina