Investigação da morfologia e das caracteristicas das interfaces entre metais e polimeros

Orientador: Ivo A. HummelgenDissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ParanaResumo: Neste trabalho utilizam-se medidas de transporte de carga e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão para investigar interfaces entre polímeros e metais. São investigados o poli- (p-fenileno vinileno) (PPV) e o poli-(4,7-benzotiofeno vinileno) (PBTV) com interfaces com alumínio e ouro para o PPV e alumínio e estanho para o PBTV. Utilizando-se ajustes numéricos em curvas de ln(I/V2) x J/V, obtidas de medidas de corrente por tensão, consegue-se calcular a eletroafinidade dos polímeros por dois métodos distintos. Estes ajustes confirmaram o valor ja conhecido do modulo da eletroafinidade do PPV igual a 3.9 eV e determinaram o modulo da eletroafinidade do PBTV igual a -4,1 eV. Através da microscopia eletrônica de transmissão em secção de corte investigam-se as mesmas interfaces utilizadas para medidas de transporte de carga. Relacionam-se, quando possível, os efeitos encontrados nas medidas com as características morfológicas da interface. Através desta investigação determinou-se que a variação da espessura a grandes distancias provoca o aparecimento de curtos-circuitos em dispositivos com PPV e alumínio; Esta mesma variação de espessura combinada com a difusão e posterior precipitação de ouro provoca o mesmo efeito em dispositivos com PPV e ouro (o mesmo acontece para dispositivos com PBTV, alumínio e estanho). Determina-se ainda que a interface de PPV com alumínio e estável com boa aderência e sem interdifusão detectável. Determina-se também que a interface de PPV com ouro apresenta difusão e baixa aderência. Determina-se ainda que a interface de PBTV com alumínio e estanho não tem boa aderência com a existência de difusão de metal para dentro do polímero. Verifica-se que o PBTV pode ser utilizado como camada intermediaria entre um eletrodo de alumínio e o PPV. Verifica-se que a técnica de deposição dos polímeros utilizada para construção dos dispositivos e a responsável pela grande variação na espessura a grandes distancias e indica-se uma outra técnica a ser utilizada em trabalhos futuros.Abstract: In this work electrical measurements and transmission electron microscopy are used to investigate polymers/metals interfaces. The poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and the poly(4,7-benzothiofenevinylene) (PBTV) are investigated (aluminum and gold interfaces for PPV and aluminum and tin interfaces for the PBTV). The electron affinity of the polymers is calculated using numerical fits in curves of ln(I/V2) * 1/V, obtained by current by voltage measurements, through two different ways. This fits confirm the electron affinity of PPV to be 3.9 eV and determinate the electron affinity of PBTV to be -4.1 eV. The same interfaces used for the electrical measurements are investigated by cross sectional transmission electron microscopy. The interface morphological characteristics are correlated with the behavior observed in electrical measurements. Through this investigation the short circuits are associated to the long range thickness variations in devices with PPV and aluminum. This thickness variation combined with diffusion and subsequent precipitation of gold is the reason for the short circuit in devices with this metal and PPV. The same happens to the PBTV/tin and PBTV/aluminum devices. It is found that aluminum/PPV interface is stable with good adhesion and free of inter-diffusion, and that in PPV/gold interface diffusion exists, as well has a bad adhesion. Similarly, in the PBTV/aluminum or PBTV/tin interfaces diffusion occurs and bad adhesion is also observed. The PBTV is found to be a potential candidate to operate as intermediate layer between an aluminum electrode and a PPV layer in a light emitting device. The long range thickness variation is attributed to the thin polymer film production process and alternatives are suggested to avoid this problem

O eixo acadêmico de escrita dramática: produto artístico de entretenimento, ferramenta terapêutica e propiciador de parcerias internacionais

Esta comunicação examina o surgimento na Língua Portuguesa do termo ‘Escrita Dramática’, em face à polissemia adquirida pelo termo ‘Dramaturgia’ para designar um texto pertencente ao gênero literário dramático. A seguir, verifica a sua entrada na Academia enquanto disciplina e campo do saber para então debruçar-se sobre três de suas possíveis aplicações práticas: enquanto entretenimento que propicia o gozo estético e um relaxamento das tensões cotidianas, enquanto ferramenta terapêutica de reflexão e autodescoberta e enquanto propiciador de parcerias com outros autores dramáticos ou centros de produção de escrita deste gênero literário específico, que ao contrário da lírica e da épica, somente se completa numa instância extraliterária, que é a teatral

DISCURSO DE ABERTURA DO I SEMINÁRIO BRASILEIRO DE ESCRITA DRAMÁTICA

Este texto é a palestra de abertura proferida por ocasião do I Seminário Brasileiro de Escrita Dramática

The Vietnamese Theatrical Tradition in the Plot of Monsun, by Anja Hillin

From the dramatic text Monsun by the German author Anja Hilling, this article analyzes the construction of a plot using elements of the Asian theater, in this specific case the Vietnamese tradition, identifying its presence inthe structure beyond the constant references to the context of that country, starting with the title of the play itself and the trip of one of the characters to Vietnam.A partir do texto dramático Monsun, da autora alemã Anja Hilling, este artigo analisa a construção de uma trama que se utiliza de elementos do teatro asiático, neste caso específico a tradição vietnamita, identi cando a sua presença na estrutura, além das men- ções constantes ao contexto daquele país, começando pelo próprio título da peça e pela viagem de uma das personagens ao Vietnam.&nbsp

Fernando Peixoto Traduz Turguêniev: noções fundamentais para uma estética marxista

In 1965, one year after the coup d'état that established a military dictatorship in Brazil, one of the theater groups most resistant to the newly established regime, Oficina, decides to translate a 19th century Russian playwright who definitely does not fit into the category of revolutionary writer, even though he was arrested after his speech at Gogol's funeral in 1852, he took a stand against serfdom and suffered tsarist censorship in some of his works. Ivan Turgenev advocated gradual reforms towards a more modern state, agnostic, liberal and Europeanized, which earned him the enmity of Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky, writers contemporary to him. Deep down, he was a pessimistic author, whose ideas appeared in a notorious way in his novel Fathers and Sons (1862), through a nihilist character, Bazarov. At Oficina, Fernando Peixoto (together with José Celso Martinez), in the midst of translations by Maxim Gorki, the later a symbol of the October Revolution, focuses on A Month in the Country (1855), believing, mistakenly, to be moving away from a more political theater. This article aims to refute this opinion of Peixoto, since Turgenev's play strictly adheres to the aesthetic principles defended by the thinkers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.Em 1965, um ano após o golpe de estado que instaurou uma ditadura militar no Brasil, um dos grupos teatrais mais resistentes ao regime recém-estabelecido, o Oficina, resolve traduzir um autor dramático russo do século XIX que definitivamente não se enquadra na categoria de escritor revolucionário, mesmo tendo sido detido após o discurso proferido no funeral de Gógol em 1852, ter se posicionado contra a servidão e sofrido a censura czarista em algumas das suas obras. Ivan Turguêniev defendia reformas graduais em direção a um estado mais moderno, agnóstico, liberal e europeizado, o que angariou a inimizade de Tolstoi e Dostoievski, escritores contemporâneos a ele. No fundo, era um autor pessimista, cujas ideias apareceram de forma notória na sua novela Pais e Filhos (1862), através de uma personagem niilista, Bazarov. No Oficina, Fernando Peixoto (junto com José Celso Martinez), em meio a traduções de Maxim Gorki, este sim um símbolo da Revolução de Outubro, se debruça na de Um Mês no Campo (1855), acreditando, equivocadamente, estar se afastando de um teatro mais político. Este artigo visa refutar esta opinião de Peixoto, uma vez que o texto dramático de Turguêniev atende rigorosamente aos princípios estéticos defendidos pelos pensadores Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels

Committed Drama within Postdramatic Theatre: A Study of Contemporary German Language Plays

This dissertation challenges the view that drama has been divested of its critical functions under the dominant cultural paradigm of postmodernism and its socio-political correlative, late capitalism. To be sure, contemporary cultural circumstances have pressured “committed drama,” that is, drama that invites audience members to reflect critically on the world they inhabit by raising social and political issues, and by challenging mainstream aesthetic norms. On the one hand, the mainstream theatre, while still making use of some dramatic structural features, dissociates drama from any subversive political purpose. On the other hand, the postdramatic theatre theorized by Hans-Thies Lehmann eliminates the ideas of representation and fictionality, privileging instead the spectator’s phenomenological experience in the moment of presentation. This situation has led some critics to forecast the extinction of drama as an artistic form. Through the analysis of six plays written by contemporary German language dramatists---King Kongs Töchter (Theresia Walser), Transdanubia Dreaming (Bernhard Studlar), Täglich Brot (Gesine Danckwart), Das Kalte Kind (Marius von Mayenburg), Die Frau von Früher (Roland Schimmelpfennig) and Monsun (Anja Hilling)--this dissertation argues for the vitality, liveliness and resistance of the dramatic form. Drama that engages a critical vision of the world, expressed through the representation of fictional characters, continues to be a meaningful method of communicating social, political and ideological commitments

Effect of the expiratory positive airway pressure on dynamic hyperinflation and exercise capacity in patients with COPD: a meta-analysis

Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) is widely applicable, either as a strategy for pulmonary reexpansion, elimination of pulmonary secretion or to reduce hyperinfation. However, there is no consensus in the literature about the real benefts of EPAP in reducing dynamic hyperinfation (DH) and increasing exercise tolerance in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To systematically review the efects of EPAP application during the submaximal stress test on DH and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. This meta-analysis was performed from a systematic search in the PubMed, EMBASE, PeDRO, and Cochrane databases, as well as a manual search. Studies that evaluated the efect of positive expiratory pressure on DH, exercise capacity, sensation of dyspnea, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, sense of efort in lower limbs, and heart rate were included. GRADE was used to determine the quality of evidence for each outcome. Of the 2,227 localized studies, seven studies were included. The results show that EPAP did not change DH and reduced exercise tolerance in the constant load test. EPAP caused a reduction in respiratory rate after exercise (− 2.33 bpm; 95% CI: − 4.56 to− 0.10) (very low evidence) when using a pressure level of 5 cmH2O. The other outcomes analyzed were not signifcantly altered by the use of EPAP. Our study demonstrates that the use of EPAP does not prevent the onset of DH and may reduce lower limb exercise capacity in patients with COPD. However, larger and higher-quality studies are needed to clarify the potential beneft of EPAP in this population

Impacts of post-radiotherapy lymphocyte count onprogression-free and overall survival in patients with stage III lung cancer

Background: We evaluated the impact of thoracic radiation in patients withnon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), considering the depletion of total lympho-cytes, use or not of chemotherapy, and radiation doses in healthy lung tissue.Methods: Patients with stage III NSCLC, ECOG 0 to 2, receiving radiothera pywith or without chemotherapy were prospectively evaluated. All patients shouldbe treated with three-dimensional radiotherapy and received biologically effectivedoses (BED10α/β 10) of 48 to 80 Gy. Peripheral blood lymphocyte total countswere measured at the start of radiotherapy and at 2, 6 and 12 months after radio-therapy. Along with lymphocytes, PTV and doses of 5 Gy and 20 Gy in healthylung tissue were also evaluated as potential factors inuencing overall survival(OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Results: A total of 46 patients were prospectively evaluated from April 2016 toAugust 2019, with a median follow-up of 13 months (interquartile range, 1–39months). The median of OS of all cohort was 22,8 months (IC 95% 17,6–28,1)and the median PFS was 19,5 months (IC 95%: 14,7–24,2). Most patientsreceived concurrent or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (43; 93.4%). No patientreceived adjuvant immunotherapy. The lower the lymphocyte loss at 6 monthsafter radiotherapy (every 100 lymphocytes/mcL), the greater the chance of PFS(HR, 0.44; 95%CI, 0.25–0.77; P = 0.004) and OS (HR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.70–0.98;P = 0.025; P = 0.025). BED was a protective factor for both PFS (HR, 0.52; 95%CI 0.33 –0.83; P = 0.0006) and OS (HR, 0.73; 95%CI 0.54–0.97; P = 0.029).Conclusions: Our results suggest that lymphocyte depletion after radiotherapyreduces tumor control and survival in patients with stage III lung cancer. Radia-tion doses equal or higher than 60 Gy (BED1072 Gy) improve PFS and OS, butthey negatively affect lymphocyte counts for months, which reduces survival andthe potential of immunotherapy

Using the bar-velocity to predict the one-repetition maximum in the power clean from the knee

This study investigated the predictive validity and reliability of the load-velocity relationship with the one-repetition maximum test (1RM) in power clean from the knee exercise (PC). Initially, 12 healthy young males, with no PC experience, underwent eight sessions to learn the PC technique. After the learning period, the participants visited the laboratory on four more occasions with intervals between the visits from 72 to 96 h. The first two sessions were dedicated to the actual 1RM tests, while the last two sessions were performed to measure the barbell’s load-velocity relationship at 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, and 90% of PC 1RM. The highest peak velocity recorded at each load was used to establish the linear regression equation and, consequently, to predict 1RM values. As a result, a low validity was observed between the highest actual 1RM value and the predicted 1RM in sessions 1 and 2 (typical errors = 3.6 to 5.0 kg, coefficients of variation = 6.03 to 8.21%, effect sizes = -1.23 to -1.00, and Bland-Altman bias = 8.5 to 11.7 kg). For reliability, higher measurement errors (intraclass correlation coefficient, typical error, coefficient of variation, and width of limits of agreement at 95%) were observed for the predicted 1RM compared to the actual 1RM test. In conclusion, the load-velocity relationship was not able to predict the 1RM value with high accuracy in the PC from the knee. Moreover, the predicted 1RM presented inferior reliability than the actual 1RM test