17 research outputs found

    Comment opĂ©rationnaliser et Ă©valuer la prise en compte du concept ‘FAIR' dans le partage des donnĂ©es: Vers une grille simplifiĂ©e d’évaluation du respect des critĂšres FAIR.

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    National audienceIndexed identifier ? Identification Are each data/dataset identified by an indexed and independant identifier ? Persistent metadata / data link ? Metadata traceability Are the metadata linked to the dataset through a persistent identifier? Metadata & authority linked ? Metadata traceability Are the metadata of each dataset linked to a unique authority (responsible for the datasets at a given time)? Unique, global, persistent ID? Identification Are the data identifiers unique, global and persistent ? Are the data identifiers unique, global and persistent ? Datasets linked to authority ? Metadata traceability Are all datasets linked to an authority (legal entity) through a unique and persistent identifier over time (e.g. institution, association or established body)? In case of a legal reuse restriction (such as personal data, state and public security, national defense secret, confidentiality of external relations, information systems security, secrets in industrial and commercial matters) , is the restriction properly justified?SHARC (SHAring Reward & Credit) est un groupe d’intĂ©rĂȘt scientifique interdisciplinaire crĂ©Ă© dans le cadre de RDA (Research Data Alliance) dans le but de faciliter le partage des donnĂ©es de recherche (et des ressources) par la valorisation de l’ensemble des activitĂ©s prĂ©-requises Ă  ce partage, tout au long du cycle de vie des donnĂ©es. Dans ce cadre, un sous-groupe de travail SHARC Ă©labore des grilles d’évaluation des chercheurs afin de mesurer leur niveau de prise en compte des principes FAIR dans la gestion de leurs donnĂ©es.La grille d’évaluation prĂ©sentĂ©e dans ce poster est destinĂ©e Ă  ĂȘtre complĂ©tĂ©e par tout scientifique produisant et / ou utilisant des donnĂ©es. Il s'agit d'un rĂ©sumĂ© d'une grille d'Ă©valuation plus Ă©tendue conçue pour un partage optimal des donnĂ©es (non encore mise en Ɠuvre pour le moment par la plupart des scientifiques).L'Ă©valuation est basĂ©e sur les critĂšres de conformitĂ© FAIR. Pour remplir cet objectif, la grille affiche le minimum de critĂšres qui doivent absolument ĂȘtre appliquĂ©s par les chercheurs pour attester de leur pratique FAIR. Ces critĂšres sont organisĂ©s en 5 groupes: «Motivations de partage»; "Trouvable", "Accessible", "InteropĂ©rable" et "RĂ©utilisable". Pour chaque critĂšre, 4 degrĂ©s d’évaluation sont proposĂ©s ("Jamais / Non Ă©valuable"; "Si obligatoire"; "Parfois"; "Toujours"). Au moins un degrĂ© mais un seul doit ĂȘtre sĂ©lectionnĂ© par critĂšre. L'Ă©valuation doit ĂȘtre effectuĂ©e pour chaque catĂ©gorie F / A / I / R; L'Ă©valuation finale est la somme de chaque degrĂ© cochĂ© rapportĂ©e au nombre total de critĂšres dans chaque catĂ©gorie F / A / I / R. Des rĂšgles d'interprĂ©tation prenant en compte les «motivations du partage» sont proposĂ©es

    Integrating precision cancer medicine into healthcare—policy, practice, and research challenges

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    Abstract Precision medicine (PM) can be defined as a predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory healthcare service delivery model. Recent developments in molecular biology and information technology make PM a reality today through the use of massive amounts of genetic, ‘omics’, clinical, environmental, and lifestyle data. With cancer being one of the most prominent public health threats in developed countries, both the research community and governments have been investing significant time, money, and efforts in precision cancer medicine (PCM). Although PCM research is extremely promising, a number of hurdles still remain on the road to an optimal integration of standardized and evidence-based use of PCM in healthcare systems. Indeed, PCM raises a number of technical, organizational, ethical, legal, social, and economic challenges that have to be taken into account in the development of an appropriate health policy framework. Here, we highlight some of the more salient issues regarding the standards needed for integration of PCM into healthcare systems, and we identify fields where more research is needed before policy can be implemented. Key challenges include, but are not limited to, the creation of new standards for the collection, analysis, and sharing of samples and data from cancer patients, and the creation of new clinical trial designs with renewed endpoints. We believe that these issues need to be addressed as a matter of priority by public health policymakers in the coming years for a better integration of PCM into healthcare

    Implémentation clinique du séquençage de nouvelle génération en France et au Québec : une analyse multidisciplinaire des implications pour les politiques publiques

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    La chute des prix des technologies de sĂ©quençage de nouvelle gĂ©nĂ©ration (NGS) s'est accompagnĂ©e de leur utilisation accrue, en recherche et en clinique. L'interprĂ©tation toujours meilleure des gĂ©nomes humains peut permettre le dĂ©veloppement de meilleures stratĂ©gies de prĂ©vention, de diagnostic et de traitement des maladies. Des investissements significatifs ont vu le jour dans de nombreux pays industrialisĂ©s en vue de rĂ©aliser les promesses de la mĂ©decine personnalisĂ©e. Cependant, le sĂ©quençage du gĂ©nome complet de patients n'est offert en tant que test clinique que dans un nombre trĂšs limitĂ© d'Ă©tablissements de santĂ© dans le monde. La France et le QuĂ©bec ont investi de maniĂšre considĂ©rable dans la recherche en gĂ©nomique. Cependant, des dĂ©cisions stratĂ©giques doivent encore ĂȘtre prises quant Ă  l'implĂ©mentation clinique des technologies NGS dans ces deux juridictions. DĂšs lors, l'objectif de ce projet est de contribuer Ă  l'ensemble des preuves et faits Ă  la disposition des dĂ©cideurs publics. Nous avons focalisĂ© notre attention sur deux technologies, le sĂ©quençage de l'exome (whole-exome sequencing, WES) et du gĂ©nome complet (whole-genome sequencing, WGS). Notre objectif Ă©tait d'Ă©tablir si l'utilisation efficace et responsable du WES/WGS pouvait ĂȘtre mise en pĂ©ril par des lacunes dans les politiques publiques ou cadres rĂšglementaires et normatifs applicables. A l'heure actuelle, l'interprĂ©tation clinique de la sĂ©quence gĂ©nomique ou exomique d'un patient nĂ©cessite l'intervention de nombreuses parties prenantes, y compris des chercheurs qui utilisent des outils, procĂ©dĂ©s et normes dĂ©veloppĂ©s dans le cadre de la recherche pour analyser les donnĂ©es NGS. En parallĂšle, les cadres normatifs existants ont Ă©tĂ© construits pour accommoder les donnĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©tiques, mais n'abordent pas la question des donnĂ©es gĂ©nomiques. Notre hypothĂšse est que ces Ă©lĂ©ments crĂ©ent un besoin de standardisation, qui pourrait requĂ©rir des adaptations du cadre normatif. Nous avons rĂ©pondu Ă  trois questions de recherches: (1) Quels enjeux les utilisateurs de technologies NGS soulĂšvent-il Ă  propos de leur utilisation en clinique ? Pour rĂ©pondre nous avons fait une Ă©tude systĂ©matique de la littĂ©rature. (2) Comment les donnĂ©es NGS de patients sont-elles Ă  l'heure actuelle par des institutions de santĂ© en France et au QuĂ©bec ? Pour rĂ©pondre nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude de cas multiples. (3) Y a-t-il des lacunes dans les cadres normatifs qui devraient ĂȘtre comblĂ©es pour assurer l'utilisation responsable, efficace et standardisĂ©e des donnĂ©es NGS en clinique ? Pour rĂ©pondre nous avons fait une revue narrative des cadres applicables en France et au QuĂ©bec. Dans notre Ă©tude systĂ©matique de la littĂ©rature, nous avons identifiĂ© 23 enjeux diffĂ©rents liĂ©s l'utilisation de donnĂ©es NGS de patients. Nous avons aussi trouvĂ© que de nombreux utilisateurs des technologies NGS appelaient Ă  ce que les pratiques soient standardisĂ©es avant l'introduction de WES/WGS en clinique. De plus, de nombreux ajustements infrastructurels devront ĂȘtre fait pour que des institutions de santĂ© puissent accommoder le stockage, et l'interprĂ©tation de donnĂ©es massives et complexes en gĂ©nomique. A travers notre Ă©tude de cas, nous avons dĂ©couvert qu'en plus de la gestion de nombreux niveaux de complexitĂ© des donnĂ©es NGS, il est nĂ©cessaire d'obtenir l'appui de nombreuses parties-prenantes avant de pouvoir offrir le WES/WGS aux patients. Organiser cela Ă  l'Ă©chelle nationale ne peut pas se faire sans un engagement politique fort aux plus hauts niveaux de l'Etat. Enfin, notre Ă©tude des cadres normatifs a montrĂ© qu'ils Ă©taient trĂšs protecteurs des personnes, et pourraient nĂ©cessiter des ajustements mineurs pour accommoder les tests gĂ©nomiques. En revanche, nous avons aussi pu conclure que la mĂ©decine gĂ©nomique ne pourrait pas ĂȘtre mise en place sans un engagement politique, ainsi que des investissements monĂ©taires et infrastructurels forts, qui ne sont que partiellement prĂ©sents actuellement en France et au QuĂ©bec.The decreasing cost of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has resulted in their increased use in research, and in the clinical context. Indeed, the correct interpretation of a human genome can enable better prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Significant public investments in NGS have been made in various developed nations to realise the promise of personalized medicine. Yet, today the sequencing and analysis of a patient’s exome or genome is only offered as a clinical test in a limited number of clinics around the world. France and Quebec have made sizable investments in genomics research, and France announced the launch of a genomic medicine plan in 2016. However, policy decisions still have to be made on the nation-wide clinical implementation of NGS technologies in both jurisdictions. Therefore, this project’s objective was to contribute to the body of evidence available to policymakers in France and Quebec on the clinical implementation of NGS technologies. We focused our attention on two specific NGS technologies, namely Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). We specifically aimed to assess if the responsible and efficient use of WES/WGS data in the context of clinical care could be impeded by policy gaps. Currently, the clinical interpretation of a patient’s genome sequence data is done through the intervention of many stakeholders including basic science researchers. These researchers use bioinformatics tools, processes and norms developed for research to filter and analyse patients NGS data. In parallel, existing regulatory and normative frameworks have been developed for the use of genetic data, and include no clear definition of genomic data or genomic technologies. We hypothesised that these elements create a strong need for standardization of practices, and may require adaptations of current regulatory and normative frameworks to the context of NGS. We therefore aimed to answer three research questions: (1) What issues do technology users experience and foresee when using WES data to inform patient care? To answer this, we performed a systematic review of the literature. (2) How are patients’ NGS data currently managed (produced, analysed, interpreted and shared) in clinical institutions in Quebec and in France? We answered this by performing a case studies analysis, interrogating key stakeholders directly involved in managing patients’ NGS data in France and Quebec. (3) Are there gaps in the current regulatory and normative frameworks which should be addressed to enable a responsible and efficient standardized use of NGS data in the clinic? To answer this, we performed a narrative review of the currently applicable normative frameworks in France and in Quebec. In our systematic literature review, we identified 23 distinct challenges linked to the production, analysis, reporting and sharing of patients’ WES data. We also found that technology users were calling for practices to be more standardized before NGS was offered as a clinical test, and that numerous infrastructural adjustments had to be made in order for healthcare institutions to accommodate the vase amounts of highly complex NGS data. Through our case study analysis, we showed that in addition to managing the various levels of complexities of producing, analysing and sharing complex NGS data, a significant buy-in from numerous stakeholders was necessary in order to offer clinical genomics to patients. At the National level, this cannot be done without a strong political will. Finally, through our normative frameworks analysis, we concluded that existing frameworks were highly protective of patients and research participants, and could need marginal adjustments in order to accommodate for NGS tests. However, we also concluded that clinical genomics could not be realized without political will, and sustained monetary and infrastructural investments, which are only partly present in France and Quebec

    Clinical implementation of next-generation sequencing technologies en France and Quebec : a multidisciplinary analysis of policy implications

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    La chute des prix des technologies de sĂ©quençage de nouvelle gĂ©nĂ©ration (NGS) s'est accompagnĂ©e de leur utilisation accrue, en recherche et en clinique. L'interprĂ©tation toujours meilleure des gĂ©nomes humains peut permettre le dĂ©veloppement de meilleures stratĂ©gies de prĂ©vention, de diagnostic et de traitement des maladies. Des investissements significatifs ont vu le jour dans de nombreux pays industrialisĂ©s en vue de rĂ©aliser les promesses de la mĂ©decine personnalisĂ©e. Cependant, le sĂ©quençage du gĂ©nome complet de patients n'est offert en tant que test clinique que dans un nombre trĂšs limitĂ© d'Ă©tablissements de santĂ© dans le monde. La France et le QuĂ©bec ont investi de maniĂšre considĂ©rable dans la recherche en gĂ©nomique. Cependant, des dĂ©cisions stratĂ©giques doivent encore ĂȘtre prises quant Ă  l'implĂ©mentation clinique des technologies NGS dans ces deux juridictions. DĂšs lors, l'objectif de ce projet est de contribuer Ă  l'ensemble des preuves et faits Ă  la disposition des dĂ©cideurs publics. Nous avons focalisĂ© notre attention sur deux technologies, le sĂ©quençage de l'exome (whole-exome sequencing, WES) et du gĂ©nome complet (whole-genome sequencing, WGS). Notre objectif Ă©tait d'Ă©tablir si l'utilisation efficace et responsable du WES/WGS pouvait ĂȘtre mise en pĂ©ril par des lacunes dans les politiques publiques ou cadres rĂšglementaires et normatifs applicables. A l'heure actuelle, l'interprĂ©tation clinique de la sĂ©quence gĂ©nomique ou exomique d'un patient nĂ©cessite l'intervention de nombreuses parties prenantes, y compris des chercheurs qui utilisent des outils, procĂ©dĂ©s et normes dĂ©veloppĂ©s dans le cadre de la recherche pour analyser les donnĂ©es NGS. En parallĂšle, les cadres normatifs existants ont Ă©tĂ© construits pour accommoder les donnĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©tiques, mais n'abordent pas la question des donnĂ©es gĂ©nomiques. Notre hypothĂšse est que ces Ă©lĂ©ments crĂ©ent un besoin de standardisation, qui pourrait requĂ©rir des adaptations du cadre normatif. Nous avons rĂ©pondu Ă  trois questions de recherches: (1) Quels enjeux les utilisateurs de technologies NGS soulĂšvent-il Ă  propos de leur utilisation en clinique ? Pour rĂ©pondre nous avons fait une Ă©tude systĂ©matique de la littĂ©rature. (2) Comment les donnĂ©es NGS de patients sont-elles Ă  l'heure actuelle par des institutions de santĂ© en France et au QuĂ©bec ? Pour rĂ©pondre nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude de cas multiples. (3) Y a-t-il des lacunes dans les cadres normatifs qui devraient ĂȘtre comblĂ©es pour assurer l'utilisation responsable, efficace et standardisĂ©e des donnĂ©es NGS en clinique ? [...]The decreasing cost of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has resulted in their increased use in research, and in the clinical context. Indeed, the correct interpretation of a human genome can enable better prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Significant public investments in NGS have been made in various developed nations to realise the promise of personalized medicine. Yet, today the sequencing and analysis of a patient’s exome or genome is only offered as a clinical test in a limited number of clinics around the world. France and Quebec have made sizable investments in genomics research, and France announced the launch of a genomic medicine plan in 2016. However, policy decisions still have to be made on the nation-wide clinical implementation of NGS technologies in both jurisdictions. Therefore, this project’s objective was to contribute to the body of evidence available to policymakers in France and Quebec on the clinical implementation of NGS technologies. We focused our attention on two specific NGS technologies, namely Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). We specifically aimed to assess if the responsible and efficient use of WES/WGS data in the context of clinical care could be impeded by policy gaps. Currently, the clinical interpretation of a patient’s genome sequence data is done through the intervention of many stakeholders including basic science researchers. These researchers use bioinformatics tools, processes and norms developed for research to filter and analyse patients NGS data. In parallel, existing regulatory and normative frameworks have been developed for the use of genetic data, and include no clear definition of genomic data or genomic technologies. We hypothesised that these elements create a strong need for standardization of practices, and may require adaptations of current regulatory and normative frameworks to the context of NGS. We therefore aimed to answer three research questions: (1) What issues do technology users experience and foresee when using WES data to inform patient care? To answer this, we performed a systematic review of the literature. (2) How are patients’ NGS data currently managed (produced, analysed, interpreted and shared) in clinical institutions in Quebec and in France? We answered this by performing a case studies analysis, interrogating key stakeholders directly involved in managing patients’ NGS data in France and Quebec. (3) Are there gaps in the current regulatory and normative frameworks which should be addressed to enable a responsible and efficient standardized use of NGS data in the clinic? [...

    Unsolved challenges of clinical whole-exome sequencing: a systematic literature review of end-users’ views

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    International audienceBACKGROUND:Whole-exome sequencing (WES) consists in the capture, sequencing and analysis of all exons in the human genome. Originally developed in the research context, this technology is now increasingly used clinically to inform patient care. The implementation of WES into healthcare poses significant organizational, regulatory, and ethical hurdles, which are widely discussed in the literature.METHODS:In order to inform future policy decisions on the integration of WES into standard clinical practice, we performed a systematic literature review to identify the most important challenges directly reported by technology users.RESULTS:Out of 2094 articles, we selected and analyzed 147 which reported a total of 23 different challenges linked to the production, analysis, reporting and sharing of patients' WES data. Interpretation of variants of unknown significance, incidental findings, and the cost and reimbursement of WES-based tests were the most reported challenges across all articles.CONCLUSIONS:WES is already used in the clinical setting, and may soon be considered the standard of care for specific medical conditions. Yet, technology users are calling for certain standards and guidelines to be published before this technology replaces more focused approaches such as gene panels sequencing. In addition, a number of infrastructural adjustments will have to be made for clinics to store, process and analyze the amounts of data produced by WES

    Quand l’anticipation devient plurielle : la complexitĂ© des donnĂ©es gĂ©nomiques Ă  l’épreuve des pratiques professionnelles

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    National audienceLe domaine de la gĂ©nĂ©tique mĂ©dicale offre une scĂšne intĂ©ressante pour Ă©tudier le lien entre des avancĂ©es technologiques dont la portĂ©e est Ă  dĂ©finir, une connaissance scientifique en construction et des dĂ©cisions pratiques qui engagent les projets de vie des patients. L’utilisation des nouvelles technologies de sĂ©quençage du gĂ©nome humain (Next Generation Sequencing, ngs ) en santĂ© alimente le dĂ©bat scientifique, Ă©thique, social et juridique. Bien que ces technologies ne fassent pas encore partie de la boĂźte Ă  outils standard du gĂ©nĂ©ticien, de nombreux enjeux sont dĂ©jĂ  identifiĂ©s : les ngs brouillent les distinctions entre pratique diagnostique et recherche, fournissent de nombreuses donnĂ©es qui requiĂšrent une interprĂ©tation dont on ne dispose pas toujours, et introduisent de nouvelles catĂ©gories de « risques » mĂ©dicaux. Ainsi, la pratique mĂ©dicale est soumise Ă  des tensions : les gĂ©nĂ©ticiens sont confrontĂ©s Ă  l’interprĂ©tation difficile des rĂ©sultats, et exposĂ©s Ă  la responsabilitĂ© d’annoncer ou de taire des rĂ©sultats inattendus ou controversĂ©s, sans que le patient soit toujours en mesure d’en dĂ©cider lui-mĂȘme vu la complexitĂ© de l’information. De nouvelles questions se posent alors : comment dĂ©terminer ce qu’il faut dire ou pas au patient ? Comment donner la bonne information avec les termes justes ? Faut-il recontacter le patient et/ou la famille en fonction de l’évolution des connaissances ? Ce travail vise Ă  prĂ©ciser le cadre Ă©thique gĂ©nĂ©ral et les pratiques professionnelles questionnĂ©es par le passage des ngs en clinique, en se focalisant sur l’anticipation plurielle que ce phĂ©nomĂšne gĂ©nĂšre. Il permet de souligner l’intĂ©rĂȘt de l’élaboration prĂ©coce des dimensions Ă©thiques pertinentes au sein des pratiques professionnelles, face au changement technologique

    Unsolved challenges in pediatric whole-exome sequencing: A literature analysis

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    Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been instrumental in the discovery of novel genes and mechanisms causing Mendelian diseases. While this technology is now being successfully applied in a number of clinics, particularly to diagnose patients with rare diseases, it also raises a number of ethical, legal and social issues. In order to identify what challenges were directly foreseen by technology users, we performed a systematic review of the literature. In this paper, we focus on recent publications related to the use of WES in the pediatric context and analyze the most prominent challenges raised by technology users. This is particularly relevant considering that a) most patients currently undergoing testing using WES to identify the genetic basis for rare diseases are children and b) their lack of capacity to consent for themselves makes them a vulnerable population and generates the need for specific ethical, legal and regulatory procedures. We identified key challenges that related to four main categories: (1) intake; (2) sequence production and analysis; (3) reporting of results and counseling considerations and (4) collaborative data interpretation and data sharing. We then contextualize these challenges in light of the recent recommendations and guidelines, published by professional societies that have significant potential to impact the field.peerreview_statement: The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope. aims_and_scope_url: http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ilab20status: publishe
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