Instruments for the communication and evaluation of territorial plans : contributions for the province of Mendoza and its municipalities

En mayo de 2009 se sancionó la Ley Provincial Nº 8051 de Ordenamiento del Territorio para Mendoza. En su artículo 7º enuncia los Instrumentos que el Gobierno de la Provincia y los municipios obligatoriamente deben elaborar para alcanzar el equilibrio territorial y desarrollo sustentable. La Ley diferencia entre instrumentos de planificación (Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial Provincial y Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial Municipal) y los de evaluación y control (Auditoría Externa de Impacto Territorial, Evaluación del Impacto Territorial y Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica).Los instrumentos de planificación tienen suficientemente definidos y explicados los procedimientos para su elaboración y aprobación, no así los de evaluación y control sobre los cuales apenas se brinda una definición. De allí radica la dificultad con la que se encontrarán a corto plazo los municipios y el gobierno de la Provincia para idear instrumentos para la evaluación de Planes de Ordenamiento del Territorio y dar así cumplimiento a la Ley 8051.Otra circunstancia que se presenta es que los Planes Provincial y Municipales de Ordenamiento del Territorio deben ser sometidos a una audiencia pública previa a su aprobación. La autoridad de aplicación deberá asegurar a los ciudadanos la posibilidad de contribuir al cumplimiento del bien común, interactuar y ser partícipes proactivos mediante la opinión informada y fundada en todas las etapas del proceso de ordenamiento territorial. Para ello se ha dispuesto la creación del SIAT, Sistema de Información Ambiental Territorial. Se considera que este mecanismo previsto para la información y comunicación a la población resulta insuficiente. Ya que si bien el SIAT es de acceso público y gratuito, está orientado a usuarios con cierta capacitación técnico- profesional en el uso de cartografía asistida por computadora y no resulta accesible para la comunidad en general. De todo lo expresado anteriormente, surge la dificultad con la que se encontrarán a corto plazo los municipios y el Gobierno de la Provincia para idear instrumentos para la evaluación de Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial y dar cumplimiento a lo que el marco legal determina. Se considera que desde este proyecto se puede profundizar en el estudio de los Instrumentos de la ley que no están suficientemente estudiados y realizar aportes para la concreción de los mismos.In May 2009, the Provincial Law No. 8051 of Territorial Planning for Mendoza was enacted. In its article 7, it sets forth the instruments that the Government of the Province and the municipalities must compulsorily develop in order to achieve the sustainable development.The Law differentiates between planning instruments (Provincial Territorial Plan and Municipal Territorial Plans) and those of evaluation and control (External Audit of Territorial Impact, Assessment of Territorial Impact and Strategic Environmental Assessment).The planning instruments have sufficiently defined and explained the procedures for their preparation and approval, but not those of evaluation and control over which a definition is scarcely provided. From there lies the difficulty with which the municipalities and the government of the Province will find themselves in the short term to devise instruments for the evaluation of Territorial Plans and thus give effect to Law 8051.Another circumstance that is presented is that the Provincial and Municipal Territorial Plans of must be submitted to a public hearing prior to their approval. The enforcement authority must ensure citizens the possibility of contributing to the fulfillment of the common good, interacting and being proactive participants through informed and informed opinion in all stages of the territorial ordering process. To this end, the creation of SIAT, the Territorial Environmental Information System, has been established. It is considered that this mechanism provided for information and communication to the population is insufficient. Since although the SIAT is of public and free access, it is oriented to users with certain technical-professional training in the use of computer-assisted cartography and is not accessible to the community in general.From all the above, the difficulty arises with which the municipalities and the Government of the Province will find themselves in the short term to devise instruments for the evaluation of Territorial Plans and to comply with what the legal framework determines. It is considered that from this project it is possible to deepen in the study of the Instruments of the law that are not sufficiently studied and to make contributions for the concretion of the same ones

Empleo de metáforas en las sugestiones hipnóticas para manejar el dolor articular : estudio de caso

Hypnosis is a valuable clinical intervention in the treatment of a wide variety of psychological and medical problems, helping to improve the quality of life for many patients. The purpose of this study was to document the therapeutical value and efficacy of metaphorical language in hypnotic suggestion to treat joint pain in a patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis for thirty-five years. The therapeutic process was spaced over seven weekly sessions. After treatment we observed a significant reduction in pain, result that was maintained during follow-up. Additionally, levels of anxiety and depression also saw a clinically significant decrease.La hipnosis es una intervención clínica valiosa en el tratamiento de una amplia variedad de problemas psicológicos y médicos, ayudando a la mejora de la calidad de vida de muchos pacientes. El propósito de este trabajo fue documentar el valor y la eficacia terapéutica del lenguaje metafórico en las sugestiones hipnóticas para tratar el dolor articular en una paciente diagnosticada de artritis reumatoide de treinta y cinco años. El proceso terapéutico se desarrolla a lo largo de siete sesiones espaciadas semanalmente. Al finalizar el tratamiento se pudo observar una importante caída del dolor, resultados que se mantuvieron a lo largo del seguimiento. Adicionalmente, también disminuyeron de manera clínicamente significativa los niveles de ansiedad y depresión.

Dissociation of a Strong Acid in Neat Solvents: Diffusion Is Observed after Reversible Proton Ejection Inside the Solvent Shell

This is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2013, 117, 14065–14078, DOI: 10.1021/jp4042765, which has been published in final form at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp4042765. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes onlyStrong-acid dissociation was studied in alcohols. Optical excitation of the cationic photoacid N-methyl-6-hydroxyquinolinium triggers proton transfer to the solvent, which was probed by spectral reconstruction of picosecond fluorescence traces. The process fulfills the classical Eigen–Weller mechanism in two stages: (a) solvent-controlled reversible dissociation inside the solvent shell and (b) barrierless splitting of the encounter complex. This can be appreciated only when fluorescence band integrals are used to monitor the time evolution of the reactant and product concentrations. Band integrals are insensitive to solvent dynamics and report relative concentrations directly. This was demonstrated by first measuring the fluorescence decay of the conjugate base across the full emission band, independently of the proton-transfer reaction. Multiexponential decay curves at single wavelengths result from a dynamic red shift of fluorescence in the course of solvent relaxation, whereas clean single exponential decays are obtained if the band integral is monitored instead. The extent of the shift is consistent with previously reported femtosecond transient absorption measurements, continuum theory of solvatochromism, and molecular properties derived from quantum chemical calculations. In turn, band integrals show clean biexponential decay of the photoacid and triexponential evolution of the conjugate base in the course of the proton transfer to solvent reaction. The dissociation step follows the slowest stage of solvation, which was measured here independently by picosecond fluorescence spectroscopy in five aliphatic alcohols. Also, the rate constant of the encounter-complex splitting stage is compatible with proton diffusion. Thus, for this photoacid, both stages reach the highest possible rates: solvation and diffusion control. Under these conditions, the concentration of the encounter complex is substantial during the earliest nanosecondWe thank the Spanish Government and the European Regional Development Fund (grant nos. CTQ2010-17835, CTQ2010-17026, and CTQ2011-29311-C02-01) and the Xunta de Galicia (grants nos. CN 2012/314, 2012-PG237, GPC2013/052 and INCITE09 314 252 PR) for financial support of our work. J.L.P.L. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for funding through the Ramon y Cajal ́ Programm 2009. M.V. and C.C.B. thank the Spanish Government for funding through the FPU program. A. B. thanks the Segundo Gil Dávila Foundation for financial supportS

Políticas e iniciativas para el abordaje de las pérdidas y el desperdicio alimentario en España. Red sin desperdicio

En los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible se recoge la necesidad de reducir las pérdidas y el desperdicio alimentario (PDA) en un 50% para el año 2030. Desde la UE se insta a todos los Estados miembros a conocer sus cifras y a que realicen acciones que contribuyan a dicha meta. En España, cada Comunidad Autónoma está implantando su propia agenda y los enfoques son múltiples. En una primera parte del presente trabajo se repasan y se valoran las principales políticas regionales que están realizándose para el abordaje de las PDA. Se comprueba que las iniciativas sobre las PDA las están desarrollando numerosas personas que trabajan en diversas administraciones y entidades. La evidente necesidad de avanzar en red ha incentivado la creación de la Red Sin Desperdicio, un foro en el que se buscan sinergias e intercambio de aprendizajes colectivos. En su primera iniciativa conjunta se realizó un sondeo durante el primer gran confinamiento por COVID-19, y se recabó información de más de 6.250 hogares. Se muestran los principales resultados del comportamiento que han tenido las familias.Las autoras agradecen el apoyo de sus entidades y organismos. También al “Plan contra el desperdicio alimentario en la Comunitat Valenciana, Plan BonProfit” (con fondos FEDER), por el soporte dado

La gestión de la ciencia en el Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal y su contribución a la protección del medio ambiente y la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agrícolas cubanos

La misión del INISAV es Contribuir a la disminución de los riesgos y pérdidas por plagas sin afectar al ambiente sobreuna base sostenible. Su gestión se basa en un modelo de ciencia centrado en el entorno, caracterizado por 4 etapas: laplanificación de las investigaciones, la ejecución, la validación y su adopción en la práctica agrícola. Se describen 3resultados principales de investigación, relativos al Programa de Lucha Biológica (PLB), los Programas de Manejo dePlagas (PMP) y la Eliminación del uso del Bromuro de Metilo (EBM). Se diseñó e implementó la red nacional de 251Laboratorios para la Reproducción de Entomófagos y Entomopatógenos (CREE), 4 plantas para la producción de bioplaguicídas y la generación de 13 productos biológicos y sus tecnologías. Además fueron generalizados Programas deManejo de Plagas en más de 25 cultivos para sistemas convencionales y agroecológicos y la adopción de PMP destinadosa sustituir el bromuro de metilo. Los impactos de los resultados al medio ambiente, la producción agropecuaria, la economía del país, y las comunidades rurales, se demuestran con la reducción de importaciones de plaguicidas químicos, de40 000 t en 1974, a cerca de 3000 t en el 2014. En 1988 el área cultivable beneficiada con bioproductos era de 300 000ha y en el 2014 ascendió a 1 354 000 ha. La eliminación de 80 t de bromuro de metilo en tabaco, 35 t en el resto de lossectores, la reducción de aplicaciones de otros agroquímicos, la incorporación del control biológico y otras medidas demanejo, se consideran la base fundamental para la sostenibilidad en los cultivos. En la actualidad en el 72% del área totalsembrada se realizan aplicaciones de plaguicidas en PMP, de éstas, el 38% solo con biológicos, en el 34% se combinanbiológicos y químicos y en el 28% restante, se aplican otras alternativas fitosanitarias en PMP.La misión del INISAV es Contribuir a la disminución de los riesgos y pérdidas por plagas sin afectar al ambiente sobreuna base sostenible. Su gestión se basa en un modelo de ciencia centrado en el entorno, caracterizado por 4 etapas: laplanificación de las investigaciones, la ejecución, la validación y su adopción en la práctica agrícola. Se describen 3resultados principales de investigación, relativos al Programa de Lucha Biológica (PLB), los Programas de Manejo dePlagas (PMP) y la Eliminación del uso del Bromuro de Metilo (EBM). Se diseñó e implementó la red nacional de 251Laboratorios para la Reproducción de Entomófagos y Entomopatógenos (CREE), 4 plantas para la producción de bioplaguicídas y la generación de 13 productos biológicos y sus tecnologías. Además fueron generalizados Programas deManejo de Plagas en más de 25 cultivos para sistemas convencionales y agroecológicos y la adopción de PMP destinadosa sustituir el bromuro de metilo. Los impactos de los resultados al medio ambiente, la producción agropecuaria, la economía del país, y las comunidades rurales, se demuestran con la reducción de importaciones de plaguicidas químicos, de40 000 t en 1974, a cerca de 3000 t en el 2014. En 1988 el área cultivable beneficiada con bioproductos era de 300 000ha y en el 2014 ascendió a 1 354 000 ha. La eliminación de 80 t de bromuro de metilo en tabaco, 35 t en el resto de lossectores, la reducción de aplicaciones de otros agroquímicos, la incorporación del control biológico y otras medidas demanejo, se consideran la base fundamental para la sostenibilidad en los cultivos. En la actualidad en el 72% del área totalsembrada se realizan aplicaciones de plaguicidas en PMP, de éstas, el 38% solo con biológicos, en el 34% se combinanbiológicos y químicos y en el 28% restante, se aplican otras alternativas fitosanitarias en PMP

Assessment of the Economic and Health-Care Impact of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) on Public and Private Dental Surgeries in Spain: A Pilot Study

Objectives: The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is an ongoing public health challenge, also for the dentistry community. The main objective of this paper was to determine the economic and health-care impact of COVID-19 on dentists in the Autonomous Region of Galicia (Spain). Methods: This was a descriptive observational study in which the data was collected by means of a self-administered survey (from 1 April 2020 to 30 April 2020). Results: A total of 400 dentists from Galicia responded to the survey. Only 12.3% of the participants could obtain personal protective equipment (PPE) including FFP2 masks. Of the male respondents, 33.1% suffered losses >€15,000 compared to 19.4% of female respondents (OR = 3.121, p < 0.001). Economic losses seem to have contributed to the applications for economic help as 29.5% of the respondents who applied for this measure recorded losses in excess of €15,000 (p = 0.03). Patients complained more about the fact that only emergency care was available during the State of Alarm, in dental surgeries that do not work with insurance companies or franchises. Only 4 professionals tested positive, 50% of whom worked exclusively in private practice and the other 50% who practised in both private and public surgeries. Dentists who practise in the public sector saw more urgent patients per week than those practising in private surgeries (p = 0.013). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has had economic repercussions in dentistry as only urgent treatment was available during the State of Alarm. These repercussions seem to be higher in male participants, as the majority of the participants have revealed higher economic losses than females. The level of assistance has also been affected, reducing the number of treated patients, although this quantity has been different in private and public surgeries. By presenting these findings we look to highlight the role that dentists play in society in treating dental emergencies in our surgeries, and this must be recognised and addressed by the relevant authorities, who must provide PPEs as a priority to this group as well as providing special economic aid in accordance with the losses incurred by the sectorS

Effectiveness and implementation of an online intervention (MINDxYOU) for reducing stress and promote mental health among healthcare workers in Spain : a study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial

The World Health Organization has formally recognized that healthcare professionals are at risk of developing mental health problems; finding ways to reduce their stress is mandatory to improve both their quality of life and, indirectly, their job performance. In recent years, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, there has been a proliferation of online interventions with promising results. The purpose of the present study is twofold: to test the effectiveness of an online, self-guided intervention, MINDxYOU, to reduce the stress levels of healthcare workers; and to conduct an implementation study of this intervention. Additionally, an economic evaluation of the intervention will be conducted. The current study has a hybrid effectiveness-implementation type 2 design. A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial design will be used, with a cohort of 180 healthcare workers recruited in two Spanish provinces (Malaga and Zaragoza). The recruitment stage will commence in October 2022. Frontline health workers who provide direct care to people in a hospital, primary care center, or nursing home setting in both regions will participate. The effectiveness of the intervention will be studied, with perceived stress as the main outcome (Perceived Stress Scale), while other psychopathological symptoms and process variables (e.g., mindfulness, compassion, resilience, and psychological flexibility) will be also assessed as secondary outcomes. The implementation study will include analysis of feasibility, acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, fidelity, penetration, and sustainability. The incremental costs and benefits, in terms of quality-adjusted life years, will be examined by means of cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses. MINDxYOU is designed to reduce healthcare workers' stress levels through the practice of mindfulness, acceptance, and compassion, with a special focus on how to apply these skills to healthy habits and considering the particular stressors that these professionals face on a daily basis. The present study will show how implementation studies are useful for establishing the framework in which to address barriers to and promote facilitators for acceptability, appropriateness, adoption, feasibility, fidelity, penetration, and sustainability of online interventions. The ultimate goal is to reduce the research-to-practice gap. This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on 29/06/2022; registration number: NCT05436717

Age-dependent association of clonal hematopoiesis with COVID-19 mortality in patients over 60 years.

Clonal hematopoiesis, especially that of indeterminate potential (CHIP), has been associated with age-related diseases, such as those contributing to a more severe COVID-19. Four studies have attempted to associate CHIP with COVID-19 severity without conclusive findings. In the present work, we explore the association between CHIP and COVID-19 mortality. Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients (n = 241 deceased, n = 239 survivors) was sequenced with the Myeloid Solutions™ panel of SOPHiA Genetics. The association between clonality and age and clonality and mortality was studied using logistic regression models adjusted for sex, ethnicity, and comorbidities. The association with mortality was performed with patients stratified into four groups of age according to the quartiles of the distribution: 60–74 years, 75–84 years, 85–91 years, and 92–101 years. Clonality was found in 38% of the cohort. The presence of CHIP variants, but not the number, significantly increased with age in the entire cohort of COVID-19 patients, as well as in the group of survivors (p < 0.001). When patients were stratified by age and the analysis adjusted, CHIP classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic was significantly more represented in deceased patients compared with survivors in the group of 75–84 years (34.6% vs 13.7%, p = 0.020). We confirmed the well-established linear relationship between age and clonality in the cohort of COVID-19 patients and found a significant association between pathogenic/likely pathogenic CHIP and mortality in patients from 75 to 84 years that needs to be further validated.post-print1034 K

Chemical and electrochemical characterization of Nafion containing silver nanoparticles in stripe-like distribution

The particular chemical structure of Nafion with nanostructured and segregated hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains enables its use as a model structure for the manufacture of polymer–Metal nanocomposites. Among such nanocomposites, samples of Nafion-117 containing Ag-NPs of ca.10 nm prepared by Intermatrix Synthesis exhibited a particular distribution in the form of stripes, a regularpattern that could reveal the real morphology of the polymer. To evaluate the potential application of this engineered material (e.g.in electrochemical devices), these new nanocomposite membranes were characterized by different techniques: microscopic, surface chemical analysis, mechanical and electrical/electrochemical. X-ray (XRD and XPS) analyses combined with synchrotron experiments (XANES) were used to determine the chemical speciation of Ag in the membrane. Membrane potential and impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that such Ag-NPs did not hinder the diffusive transport of protons in the membrane bulk, moreover, they slightly reduced the electrical resistance in fully hydrated state samples. The mechanical evaluation of the nanocomposite evidenced a reduction of the elastic character when compared with the unmodified Nafion-117 samplePostprint (author's final draft