Variação espaço-temporal dos parâmetros para a modelagem estocástica da precipitação pluvial diária no Rio Grande do Sul.

O Rio Grande do Sul é um dos maiores produtores de grãos do Brasil, sendo a maioria das culturas conduzida em sistemas não irrigados, tornando-lhes extremamente dependentes das condições climáticas e do regime pluviométrico. Tal fato inspira diversas pesquisas na tentativa de caracterizar o comportamento espacial e temporal das precipitações. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a variação espacial e temporal dos parâmetros alfa e beta da função gama para a geração de dados de precipitação pluvial diária no Estado. Os dados de precipitação pluviométrica foram obtidos junto à ANA - Agência Nacional de Águas. A modelagem da precipitação diária foi dividida em ocorrência e quantidade. Realizou-se a estimativa dos parâmetros alfa e beta da função gama a partir das séries históricas, seguida do ajuste desses parâmetros em função do tempo e do espaço e posterior comparação entre os valores estimados e os observados. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a metodologia desenvolvida pode ser aplicada para a geração de séries sintéticas de precipitação pluvial diária nas diferentes estações pluviométricas do Rio Grande do Sul.Rio Grande do Sul is one of the largest grain producer states in Brazil, since most of the crops grown in non-irrigated systems, thus making them extremely dependent on the climatic conditions and on the pluviometric regime. This fact has inspired several research studies in the attempt of characterizing the spatial and temporal behavior of the rainfall. The objective of this research was to study the spatial and temporal variation of alpha and beta parameters of the gamma function for the generation of daily rainfall data in the state. The pluviometric precipitation data were obtained from the National Water Agency (ANA). The modeling of the daily rainfall was divided into the events of occurrence and quantity. Estimation of alpha and beta parameters of the gamma function was accomplished on the basis of historical series followed by the adjustment of these parameters as a function of time and space, and then the comparison between estimated and observed values. According to the results, one can conclude that the proposed methodology can be applied for the generation of synthetic series of daily rainfall in the different pluviometric stations of Rio Grande do Sul

Variabilidade espacial de componentes da produção de milho (Zea mays l.) no Rio Grande do Sul.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial dos componentes da produção do híbrido de milho superprecoce P32R21, para verificar a homogeneidade de uma área cultivada e irrigada com Pivô Central

Preliminary Analysis for Identification of Priority Species of Small Pelagic Shared Stocks in GSA01 And GSA03 (Alborán Sea)

Small pelagic resources and particularly sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) represent an important fishery activity for the countries bordering the Alboran Sea. This paper aims at contributing to the identification of priority species of small pelagic shared stocks in GSA01 and GSA03 (northern and southern Alboran Sea GFCM regions) for carrying out joint stock assessments and promoting new management measures that would allow the sustainability of the resources and its exploitation. The WG on small pelagic shared stocks met twice during 2011 progressing in analysing the available data on the stocks and its exploitation and building a common data base. Moreover a comparative analysis on sardine landings data from 2003-2010 in GSA01 and GSA03 was carried out explaining that the exploitation pattern in sub-areas (GSAs 01 and 03) is different but the total length-frequency distribution of sardine exploited by each country appears to be similar. A tentative in applying a LCA analysis of the Moroccan and Spanish data on sardine using different biological parameters and with the VIT software was unsuccessful but orientated for future works of the W

Expanding the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (Ex-GRADE) for Evidence-Based Clinical Recommendations: Validation Study

Clinicians use general practice guidelines as a source of support for their intervention, but how much confidence should they place on these recommendations? How much confidence should patients place on these recommendations? Various instruments are available to assess the quality of evidence of research, such as the revised Wong scale (R-Wong) which examines the quality of research design, methodology and data analysis, and the revision of the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (R-AMSTAR), which examines the quality of systematic reviews

Atazanavir and darunavir in pregnant women with HIV: Evaluation of laboratory and clinical outcomes from an observational national study

Background: Atazanavir and darunavir represent the main HIV PIs recommended in pregnancy, but comparativedata in pregnant women are limited.We assessed the safety and activity profile of these two drugs in pregnancyusing data from a national observational study.Methods: Women with atazanavir or darunavir exposure in pregnancy were evaluated for laboratory measuresand main pregnancy outcomes (e.g. preterm delivery, low birthweight, non-elective caesarean section and neonatalgestational age-adjusted birthweight Z-score).Results: Final analysis included 500 pregnancies with either atazanavir (n"409) or darunavir (n"91) exposure.No differences in pregnancy outcomes, weight gain in pregnancy, drug discontinuations, undetectable HIV-RNA,haemoglobin, ALT, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were observed between the twogroups. At third trimester, exposure to darunavir was associated with higher levels of plasma triglycerides(median 235.5 versus 179 mg/dL; P"0.032) and a higher total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (median 4.03versus 3.27; P"0.028) and exposure to atazanavir was associated with higher levels of plasma bilirubin (1.54versus 0.32 mg/dL; P<0.001).Conclusions: In this observational study, the two main HIV PIs currently recommended by perinatal guidelinesshowed similar safety and activity in pregnancy, with no evidence of differences between the two drugs in termsof main pregnancy outcomes. Based on the minor differences observed in laboratory measures, prescribingphysicians might prefer either drug in some particular situations where the different impacts of treatment onlipid profile and bilirubin may have clinical relevance