The inner structure of very massive elliptical galaxies: implications for the inside-out formation mechanism of z~2 galaxies

We analyze a sample of 23 supermassive elliptical galaxies (central velocity dispersion larger than 330 km s-1), drawn from the SDSS. For each object, we estimate the dynamical mass from the light profile and central velocity dispersion, and compare it with the stellar mass derived from stellar population models. We show that these galaxies are dominated by luminous matter within the radius for which the velocity dispersion is measured. We find that the sizes and stellar masses are tightly correlated, with Re ~ M*^{1.1}$, making the mean density within the de Vaucouleurs radius a steeply declining function of M*: rho_e ~ M*^{-2.2}. These scalings are easily derived from the virial theorem if one recalls that this sample has essentially fixed (but large) sigma_0. In contrast, the mean density within 1 kpc is almost independent of M*, at a value that is in good agreement with recent studies of z ~ 2 galaxies. The fact that the mass within 1 kpc has remained approximately unchanged suggests assembly histories that were dominated by minor mergers -- but we discuss why this is not the unique way to achieve this. Moreover, the total stellar mass of the objects in our sample is typically a factor of ~ 5 larger than that in the high redshift (z ~ 2) sample, an amount which seems difficult to achieve. If our galaxies are the evolved objects of the recent high redshift studies, then we suggest that major mergers were required at z > 1.5, and that minor mergers become the dominant growth mechanism for massive galaxies at z < 1.5.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted in MNRA

A KAT-7 view of a low-mass sample of galaxy clusters

Radio observations over the last two decades have provided evidence that diffuse synchrotron emission in the form of megaparsec-scale radio halos in galaxy clusters is likely tracing regions of the intracluster medium where relativistic particles are accelerated during cluster mergers. In this paper we present results of a survey of 14 galaxy clusters carried out with the 7-element Karoo Array Telescope at 1.86 GHz, aimed to extend the current studies of radio halo occurrence to systems with lower masses (M$_{\rm 500} > 4\times10^{14}$ M${_\odot}$). We found upper limits at the $0.6 - 1.9 \times 10^{24}$ Watt Hz$^{-1}$ level for $\sim 50\%$ of the sample, confirming that bright radio halos in less massive galaxy clusters are statistically rare.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Conference proceeding of "The many facets of extragalactic radio surveys: towards new scientific challenges", 20-23 October 2105, Bologna, Ital

Adubação de pastagens

Análise de solo; Recomendação de correção do solo e adubação; Sistemas de produção e estratégicas de adubação

Generating Diverse and Meaningful Captions

Image Captioning is a task that requires models to acquire a multi-modal understanding of the world and to express this understanding in natural language text. While the state-of-the-art for this task has rapidly improved in terms of n-gram metrics, these models tend to output the same generic captions for similar images. In this work, we address this limitation and train a model that generates more diverse and specific captions through an unsupervised training approach that incorporates a learning signal from an Image Retrieval model. We summarize previous results and improve the state-of-the-art on caption diversity and novelty. We make our source code publicly available online.Comment: Accepted for presentation at The 27th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2018

Teores de enxofre em solos dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo.

bitstream/CNPS-2009-09/11269/1/comtec19_2003_teores_enxofre.pd

A penalized regression model for spatial functional data with application to the analysis of the production of waste in Venice province

We propose a method for the analysis of functional data with complex dependencies, such as spatially dependent curves or time dependent surfaces, over highly textured domains. The models are based on the idea of regression with partial differential regularizations. In particular, we consider here two roughness penalties that account separately for the regularity of the field in space and in time. Among the various modelling features, the proposed method is able to deal with spatial domains featuring peninsulas, islands and other complex geometries. Space-time varying covariate information is included in the model via a semi-parametric framework. The proposed method is compared via simulation studies to other spatiotemporal techniques and it is applied to the analysis of the annual production of waste in the towns of Venice province

THE COMMUNICATIVE ACTION TO HABERMAS: THE NECESSARY ADOPTION OF THE THEORY BY THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study has as main objective to analyze whether the theory of communicative action proposed by Jürgen Habermas should be applied to the voting procedure of the United Nations Security Council.Methodology: The inductive methodology used is based on research on bibliography, legislation and United Nations Resolutions, as well as in doctrine, cases and articles published in specialized journals. Results: It was concluded that the theory proposed by Habermas identifies language as a means by which those involved in a discourse can influence one another in order to change their minds or conceive intentions that corroborate their purposes. It can be clearly said that the UN Security Council has, to a certain extent, the same objective, as its purpose is to create resolutions that have the power to guarantee international peace and security. Contributions: This study has as contribution the theory of communicative action proposed by Habermas which is explained by way of a concrete case.Keywords: Communicative action; living world; Security Council; veto power; United States of America. RESUMO Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo central analisar se a teoria do agir comunicativo proposta por Jürgen Habermas, deveria ser aplicada às normas de votação do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas. Metodologia: A metodologia indutiva utilizada é baseada em pesquisas bibliográficas, legislativas e de resoluções das Nações Unidas, bem como em doutrina, casos e artigos publicados em periódicos especializados. Resultados: Concluiu-se que a adoção da teoria da ação comunicativa seria importante para alcançar os objetivos da Organização, a saber, paz e segurança global. A teoria proposta por Habermas identifica a linguagem como um meio pelo qual os envolvidos em um discurso podem influenciar-se mutuamente, a fim de mudar de ideia ou conceber intenções que corroborem seus propósitos. Diante disso, pode-se dizer claramente que o Conselho de Segurança da ONU tem, em certa medida, o mesmo objetivo, pois seu objetivo é criar resoluções que tenham o poder de garantir a paz e a segurança internacionais. Contribuições: Este estudo tem como contribuição a teoria da ação comunicativa proposta por Harbemas, que é explicada por meio de um caso concreto. Palavras-chave: Agir Comunicativo; mundo vivente; Conselho de Segurança; poder de veto; Estados Unidos da América