Aztec Medicine, Health, and Nutrition

Why were a handful of Spaniards able to overthrow the Aztec Empire? The dramatic destruction of the Aztecs has prompted historians, anthropologists, demographers, and epidemiologists to look closely at the health and nutrition of the Valley of Mexico. If the Aztecs were overcrowded, living at the edge of starvation, and incapable of treating disease effectivefly, then their decimation by the Europeans becomes much easier to undestand. Bernard Ortiz de Montellano argues that such hypotheses do not hold up. Rather, at the time of the Conquest, the Aztecs were a thriving, well-nourished, healthy people. The swift, brutal success of the conquistadors cannot be explained by the prior ill-health or medical incompetence of their victims. To support his case, Ortiz de Montellano uses an astonishing array of evidence gained from many disciplines. Ortiz de Montellano presents the most comprehensivve and detailed explanation of Aztec medical beliefs available in English

O canibalismo asteca: releitura e desdobramentos

O canibalismo asteca tem sido objeto de numerosas interpretações que o caracterizaram em termos ecológicos, culturais ou simbólicos, ou como uma peça de propaganda colonial. Uma revisão das fontes mais conhecidas - espanholas, indígenas ou mestiças - mostra que essa procura de explicações abrangentes foi reducionista. Passou por alto a complexidade das fontes, nas quais o canibalismo aparece como um objeto heterogêneo, prescrito ou nefando, dependendo da sua qualificação, dotado de um extenso significado sociológico e apontando para versões divergentes da cosmologia. O artigo propõe também uma comparação entre o canibalismo asteca e os seus equivalentes na costa brasileira e na Amazônia que mostra sua coincidência numa cosmologia transformacional.<br>Aztec cannibalism has been the object of numerous interpretations that have characterized it in ecological, cultural or symbolic terms, or as a piece of colonial propaganda. A revision of the most widely known Spanish, Indigenous and Mestizo sources shows that this quest for wide-ranging explanations has been reductionist. The complexity of the sources, in which cannibalism, depending on its qualification, emerges as a heterogeneous, prescriptive or nefarious object, endowed with extensive sociological meaning and pointing towards divergent versions of cosmology, has been largely overlooked. The article also proposes a comparison between Aztec cannibalism and its equivalent along the Brazilian coast and in Amazonia, which attests to its coincidence in a transformational cosmology