Bilingual Development: Language Input at Home in Sequential Spanish-English Children

The literature on language input provided to sequential Spanish-English bilingual children has largely been focused on children attending Head Start. The role of siblings in children’s language outcomes has only been investigated in simultaneous bilinguals. The current longitudinal study extended research on language input by investigating early developmental changes in language input and the role of siblings in the language outcomes of 112 sequential Spanish-English bilingual children. Relative exposure was assessed via a parent interview when children were 18 and 56 months of age. Standardized measures of receptive vocabulary and expressive language in Spanish and English were administered at 56 months. Findings showed an increase in English relative exposure over time in overall exposure and in the exposure provided by different sources of language input, including parents, siblings, and other adults. Linear mixed models’ results demonstrated that relative exposure from siblings was a unique predictor of children’s scores at 56 months, extending previous research on young simultaneous bilinguals. Future research should incorporate siblings when investigating the language input of sequential bilinguals and when designing programs aimed at supporting their language outcome

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis: Is Antimonial Treatment Outcome Related to Parasite Drug Susceptibility?

BackgroundAntimonials are the first drug of choice for the treatment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL); however, their efficacy is not predictable, and this may be linked to parasite drug resistance. We aimed to characterize the in vitro antimony susceptibility of clinical isolates of Peruvian patients with ATL who were treated with sodium stibogluconate and to correlate this in vitro phenotype with different treatment outcomes MethodsThirty-seven clinical isolates were obtained from patients with known disease and treatment histories. These isolates were typed, and the susceptibility of intracellular amastigotes to pentavalent (SbV) and trivalent (SbIII) antimonials was determined ResultsWe observed 29 SbV-resistant isolates among 4 species of subgenus Viannia most of which exhibited primary resistance; isolates resistant only to SbIII; and 3 combinations of in vitro phenotypes: (1) parasites sensitive to both drugs, (2) parasites resistant to both drugs, and (3) parasites resistant to SbV only (the majority of isolates fell into this category). There was no correlation between in vitro susceptibility to both antimonials and the clinical outcome of therapy ConclusionAntimony insensitivity might occur in a stepwise fashion (first to SbV and then to SbIII). Our data question the definition of true parasite resistance to antimonials. Further studies of treatment efficacy should apply standardized protocols and definitions and should also consider host factor

Estrategias de turismo sostenible en el corregimiento de Palomino, departamento de La Guajira

i) Introduction: Tourism is one of the most relevant economic activities worldwide and a potential engine for the development of developing communities; ii) objective: This article aims to propose sustainable tourism strategies in the town of Palomino, department of La Guajira within the framework of economic reactivation after the covid 19 pandemic. iii)methodology: The research is based on a study with a mixed approach and descriptive scope, where questionnaire surveys were applied to 47 hostels/hotels located in Palomino and registered with the Chamber of Commerce of La Guajira. The data were statistically analyzed in SPSS. iv) results: Among the most relevant findings, it is considered that the problem of coastal erosion, the lack of tourist infrastructure and the poorcoverage of public services are a barrier to sustainability in the territory; v) conclusions: Finally, actions are recommended to strengthen the economy, preserve identity and conserve natural and environmental resources, promote the destination, implement digital marketing strategies and enhance big data that accelerate economic recovery after the crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Introducción: El turismo es una de las actividades económicas con mayor relevancia a nivel mundial y un motor potencial para el desarrollo de las comunidades en vías de desarrollo; Objetivo: El presente artículo pretende proponer estrategias de turismo sostenible en el corregimiento de Palomino, departamento de La Guajira en el marco de la reactivación económica después de la pandemia por COVID 19; Metodología: La investigación parte de un estudio de enfoque mixto y alcance descriptivo, donde se aplicaron encuestas tipo cuestionario a 47 hostales/hoteles ubicados en Palomino y registrados en la Cámara de Comercio de La Guajira. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente en SPSS. Resultados: Dentro de los hallazgos más relevantes, se considera que la problemática de erosión costera, la falta de infraestructura turística y la deficiente cobertura de servicios públicos son una barrera hacia la sostenibilidad; Conclusiones: Finalmente, se recomiendan acciones para fortalecer la economía, preservar la identidad y conservar los recursos naturales y ambientales, promover el destino, implementar estrategias de marketing digital y potenciar el big data que permitan acelerar la recuperació

Más que Matemáticas: Co-Designing and Evaluating Playful, Joyful, and Culturally Responsive Early Math Games with Latine Educators and Families

This dissertation examines how play-based and culturally responsive games can support early math learning and positive experiences with math for Latine children when co-designed with educators and families. Across three studies, I explore the design, implementation, and evaluation of math games leveraging community expertise and aligned with the California Common Core State Standards. The first study describes the collaborative adaptation and iteration with teachers of physically active schoolyard games—Number Ball games—using basketball and soccer formats. It reports findings from two randomized controlled trials evaluating the impact of these games on TK to 2nd-grade students’ math skills and motivational outcomes. Results showed statistically significant gains in early math skills among subgroups of students based on their initial math knowledge, interest-enjoyment, and math anxiety. Observations also revealed high levels of engagement and joy during gameplay. The second study centers the voices and experiences of Latine families in the co-design of home-based math activities grounded in their everyday routines and cultural traditions. Using a participatory design approach, we co-created four guided play activities based on cooking, budgeting, crafting, traditional board games, and active play. Follow-up interviews revealed that caregivers found the activities useful for learning, joyful, personally meaningful, and supportive of quality family time. They also valued learning from other caregivers through co-design, feeling respected as contributors, and recognizing the connection between play, learning, and bonding. The third study examines how families engaged with the co-designed math activities when they were delivered through “Matemáticas en Familia – Family Math” home kits via kindergarten classrooms. Using mixed methods data, the study explores relationships between caregivers’ beliefs about math and play, math anxiety, and perceptions of the activities. Families widely viewed the games as relevant and enjoyable. Many emphasized the joy of spending time together and involving siblings, even among parents reporting higher levels of math anxiety. Together, these studies demonstrate that when early math is integrated with guided play and designed in collaboration with educators and families, it becomes about more than math learning—más que matemáticas—it becomes a site of joy, connection, and meaningful engagement

Implementación de social media para la mejora de ventas de la empresa Rimac Glass – Trujillo 2024

El objetivo del estudio es realizar la Implementación de Social Media para la mejora de ventas de la Empresa Rímac Glass – Trujillo 2024.La investigación se orientó a la actualidad de la empresa Rímac Glass, la misma que se ha venido desarrollando hace más de dos años hasta la fecha, hemos identificado la necesidad de la presencia en los canales digitales, las mismas que en la actualidad son muy importantes en el target que maneja la empresa. A raíz de la pandemia la necesidad y solicitud del target de la empresa cambio radicalmente, buscando más beneficios y que todo este alcance de su mano desde la comodidad de su hogar. Sin embargo, la falta de estrategias comerciales y presencia de la marca en los medios digitales nos jugaba en contra, por lo que los clientes no conocían la marca ni tampoco los beneficios de los productos ofrecidos, afectando directamente los números de ventas. Por esa misma razón se planteó un nuevo organigrama de atención, nuevas alianzas comerciales con proveedores internacionales que respalden y certifiquen la marca a la cual se representara, la misma que nos brindara seguridad y confianza con nuestro público objetivo, así como también se planteó la propuesta de manejar showroom de muestras para que el público objetivo no solo pueda verlo digitalmente sino también presencialmente. Esta propuesta se analizó y después de varios meses se puso en marcha, dándole un giro de 360º al área comercial y de producción. De esta manera en la actualidad se pueden medir resultados y llegar a los números esperados en ventas. Se cambiaron los formatos de ventas (atención al cliente), las capacitaciones del personal de venta y de producción se planearon con anticipación y profesionalismo, se innovaron máquinas de acorde a los nuevos procesos, nuevos aliados estratégicos comerciales. Nos hicimos más presentes en las redes sociales utilizando (Facebook, Instagram, Tiktok), implementación de una página web (en iniciación). Y es así como hace más de dos años se logra conseguir nuevos proyectos y nuevos formatos de venta, los mismos que nos permiten llegar a las metas de venta

Quality of early childcare and education predicts high school STEM achievement for students from low-income backgrounds.

High-quality early childcare and education (ECE) has demonstrated long-term associations with positive educational and life outcomes and can be particularly impactful for children from low-income backgrounds. This study extends the literature on the long-term associations between high-quality caregiver sensitivity and responsiveness and cognitive stimulation (i.e., caregiving quality) in ECE settings and success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in high school. Using the 1991 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 1,096; 48.6% female; 76.4% White, 11.3% African American, 5.8% Latine, 6.5% other), results demonstrated that caregiving quality in ECE was associated with reduced disparities between low- and higher-income childrens STEM achievement and school performance at age 15. Disparities in STEM school performance (i.e., enrollment in advanced STEM courses and STEM grade point average) and STEM achievement (i.e., Woodcock-Johnson cognitive battery) were reduced when children from lower-income families experienced more exposure to higher caregiving quality in ECE. Further, results suggested an indirect pathway for these associations from caregiving quality in ECE to age 15 STEM success through increased STEM achievement in Grades 3 through 5 (ages 8-11 years). Findings suggest that community-based ECE is linked to meaningful improvements in STEM achievement in Grades 3 through 5 which in turn relates to STEM achievement and school performance in high school, and caregiving quality in ECE is particularly important for children from lower-income backgrounds. This work has implications for policy and practice positioning caregivers cognitive stimulation and sensitivity in ECE settings across the first 5 years of life as a promising lever for bolstering the STEM pipeline for children from lower-income backgrounds. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Study protocol to investigate the effect of a lifestyle intervention on body weight, psychological health status and risk factors associated with disease recurrence in women recovering from breast cancer treatment

Background Breast cancer survivors often encounter physiological and psychological problems related to their diagnosis and treatment that can influence long-term prognosis. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of a lifestyle intervention on body weight and psychological well-being in women recovering from breast cancer treatment, and to determine the relationship between changes in these variables and biomarkers associated with disease recurrence and survival. Methods/design Following ethical approval, a total of 100 patients will be randomly assigned to a lifestyle intervention (incorporating dietary energy restriction in conjunction with aerobic exercise training) or normal care control group. Patients randomised to the dietary and exercise intervention will be given individualised healthy eating dietary advice and written information and attend moderate intensity aerobic exercise sessions on three to five days per week for a period of 24 weeks. The aim of this strategy is to induce a steady weight loss of up to 0.5 Kg each week. In addition, the overall quality of the diet will be examined with a view to (i) reducing the dietary intake of fat to ~25% of the total calories, (ii) eating at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day, (iii) increasing the intake of fibre and reducing refined carbohydrates, and (iv) taking moderate amounts of alcohol. Outcome measures will include body weight and body composition, psychological health status (stress and depression), cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life. In addition, biomarkers associated with disease recurrence, including stress hormones, estrogen status, inflammatory markers and indices of innate and adaptive immune function will be monitored. Discussion This research will provide valuable information on the effectiveness of a practical, easily implemented lifestyle intervention for evoking positive effects on body weight and psychological well-being, two important factors that can influence long-term prognosis in breast cancer survivors. However, the added value of the study is that it will also evaluate the effects of the lifestyle intervention on a range of biomarkers associated with disease recurrence and survival. Considered together, the results should improve our understanding of the potential role that lifestyle-modifiable factors could play in saving or prolonging lives

Avaliação do impacto do efluente da estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) do município de Araraquara – SP: macroinvertebrados aquáticos como bioindicadores

O aumento da atividade humana e seus impactos ambientais tem causado maior preocupação com a conservação dos recursos hídricos, especialmente da água potável. Assim, os efluentes provenientes das atividades humanas, especialmente dos esgotos domésticos, devem ser tratados antes de serem lançados no corpo de água receptor diminuindo, dessa forma, a possibilidade de poluição das águas. Nos ecossistemas aquáticos, os macroinvertebrados aquáticos têm sido utilizados como ferramenta para avaliações da qualidade ambiental de rios e córregos. Sabendo-se da problemática ocasionada pelo despejo de efluentes domésticos em rios e córregos, este trabalho apresenta como objetivo analisar a comunidade de macroinvertebrados aquáticos do córrego das Cruzes nas áreas à montante e à jusante do recebimento dos efluentes da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto do Município de Araraquara (ETE - Araraquara). Os macroinvertebrados foram coletados em duas épocas utilizando-se rede em “D”, com 0,25mm de abertura de malha, pelo método de varredura. Os organismos foram identificados até o nível de família exceto Chironomidae e Oligochaeta que foram identificados até gêneros ou espécie. Os resultados indicam alteração na estrutura comunitária dos macroinvertebrados e diminuição na riqueza de espécies após a ETE de Araraquara. A presença exclusiva do gênero Chironomus no ponto 3, após a ETE, indica um impacto ambiental do efluente proveniente da estação sobre a riqueza de espécies de macroinvertebrados aquáticos do Ribeirão das Cruzes